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MY'STORY

The MOVE Fire

This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985 Philadelphia police fired thousands of rounds at the MOVE house, city officials approved dropping an explosive device on the roof, the resulting fire was allowed to burn, 11 people—including five children—died, and 61 homes were destroyed. Philadelphia City Council later called it a “brutal attack carried out by the City of Philadelphia on its own citizens” and acknowledged that no individual faced criminal consequences for the bombing. One timeline correction worth preserving for the BHP record: the major previous MOVE-police confrontation was August 8, 1978, about seven years before the bombing, not a year or two earlier. Officer James Ramp was killed, other police and firefighters were wounded, nine MOVE members were later convicted, and television cameras recorded police beating Delbert Africa during his arrest. The 1985 MOVE Commission later specifically criticized city planners for failing to adequately use lessons from that 1978 confrontation. And that actually strengthens the point you’re making: 1985 did not happen without precedent or institutional memory. There had already been a deadly confrontation with MOVE, years of conflict, negotiations and police involvement before Osage Avenue.

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BLACK FACTS
The Truths They Never Taught You...

Shirley Chisholm — Unbought and Unbossed

In 1968 Shirley Chisholm became the first Black woman elected to the United States Congress. In 1972 she launched a campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination, breaking another political barrier.

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Wikipedia

Ford Sync

Ford Sync
Original authorFord Motor Company
DeveloperFord Motor Company
ReleaseSeptember 2007 (2007-09)
Stable release
Gen 5
Gen 4/4a
Gen 3 - 3.4.26057
Gen 2 - 3.10
Gen 1 - 5.11
Operating systemWindows Embedded Automotive
QNX
Available inEnglish, Dutch, French, Spanish, Portuguese
TypeTelematics
LicenseProprietary commercial software
Websitewww.ford.com/technology/sync/

Ford Sync (stylized Ford SYNC) is a factory-installed, integrated in-vehicle communications and entertainment system that allows users to make hands-free telephone calls, control music and perform other functions with the use of voice commands.[1][2] The system consists of applications and user interfaces developed by Ford and other third-party developers. The first two generations (Ford Sync and MyFord Touch) run on the Windows Embedded Automotive operating system designed by Microsoft,[3] while the third and fourth generations (Sync 3 and Sync 4/4a) run on the QNX operating system from BlackBerry Limited[4], and Sync 5 runs on Android Automotive OS.[5]

Ford first announced the release of SYNC in January 2007 at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit.[6] SYNC was released into the retail market in 2007 when Ford installed the technology in twelve Ford group vehicles (2008 model) in North America.[7]

Overview

[edit]

Ford president and CEO Alan Mulally and Microsoft chairman Bill Gates announced the SYNC partnership between Ford and Microsoft at the annual North American International Auto Show in January 2007.[6][8]

The Ford SYNC technology was promoted as a new product that provided drivers with the ability to operate Bluetooth-enabled mobile phones and digital media players in their vehicles using voice commands, the vehicle's steering wheel, and radio controls.[9] Later, new technology was added to SYNC in which text messages received by the driver are "vocalized" by a digitized female voice device named "Samantha". SYNC's text message function also has the ability to interpret approximately one hundred shorthand messages, such as "LOL", and will read "swear words", but does not decipher acronyms that have been considered by the designers to be "obscene".

In 2007, as a standalone option, the suggested retail price for the SYNC was US$395.[10]

Compatibility

[edit]

Certain voice commands, such as "Turn-by-turn directions", "Vehicle Health Report", "Weather" and climate control commands are not available in some countries such as Canada due to compatibility issues. For example, many commands are not available because there is no French equivalent for a command in English. Ford Canada expects to address these issues in upcoming versions of the software after the issues are worked out in detail, but there does not appear to be a firm release date.

Mobile-integration

[edit]

SYNC has various mobile-integration capabilities, including "Push to Talk" on the steering wheel, wireless transfer of contacts between a mobile phone and the on-board phone book, as well as various advanced calling features, such as caller ID, call waiting, conference calling, a caller log, a list of contacts, a signal strength icon, and a phone battery charge icon. Personal ring tones can also be assigned to identify specific callers.

Audible SMS messages

[edit]

SYNC can convert a user's SMS messages to audio and read them out loud to the user through the vehicle's speaker system. This feature is carrier dependent as well as dependent on the device of the user. The feature is supported by several phone operating systems, including the iPhone, most Android models, and Windows Mobile. This feature is also dependent on the phone supporting Bluetooth Message Access Profile.

Entertainment

[edit]

Digital music player support

[edit]

SYNC can connect to popular digital music players via Bluetooth or a USB connection. Users can browse through music collections by genre, album, artist, and song title using voice commands. With certain devices, SYNC is also capable of playing protected content (for example Zune Pass downloads), provided that usage rights on the device are current.

Applications

[edit]

911 Assist / Emergency Assistance

[edit]

The 911 Assist application places a direct call to a local 911 emergency operator in the event of a serious accident with an airbag deployment. Before initiating the emergency 911 call, SYNC will provide a 10-second window to allow the driver or passenger to decide whether to cancel the call. If not manually cancelled within the 10-second window, SYNC will place the emergency call. A pre-recorded message will play when the call is answered, and occupants in the vehicle will then be able to communicate directly with the 911 operator.

In Europe, this feature is called Emergency Assistance. It will call 112 in over 40 countries. Though in Albania, Belarus, Bosnia & Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Moldova, the Netherlands, Russia, Ukraine it does not work and in Belgium there is a chance that the 112 emergency center cannot process the GPS coordinates since it is not compatible with the European eCall standard.[citation needed]

[edit]

AppLink allows iPhone and Android-based cellular devices to run approved applications using the car's buttons or voice commands.

The first set of announced applications for the U.S. included Pandora Radio, Stitcher Radio, iHeartRadio, OpenBeak, NPR News, Slacker Radio, TuneIn Radio and Ford SYNC Destinations.[11] Rhapsody announced AppLink capability of its Android-based mobile app in January 2013.[12] Spotify was made available to iPhone users in March 2013[13] and later to Android users too, but discontinued in January 2018.[14]

Applications for the U.K. market (as of September 2019) are Glympse (real-time location sharing), Waze (navigation), Sygic (navigation), Radioplayer, EventSeeker, CitySeeker, HearMeOut, AccuWeather and Acast.[15]

Applications for the Spain market (as of June 2021) are Ayuntamiento de Alcobendas City App (send curated notifications from the City Authorities to nearby Drivers about street conditions and driver-safety issues such as accidents, street closures, diversions, social traffic events and more.)

Traffic, Directions and Information

[edit]

Traffic, Directions and Information is an application that provides the user with traffic alerts, turn-by-turn directions and information about topics such as weather, sports, news and 411 business search. Ford announced on May 27, 2009, that the Traffic, Directions and Information application would be free for three years to the original owner of 2010 model year SYNC-equipped vehicles. The information for traffic alerts and Turn-By-Turn Directions are provided by INRIX and Telenav.[16]

Vehicle Health Reports

[edit]

Ford has discontinued support for the Vehicle Health Report. According to the published service bulletin, "Ford has made the necessary decision to discontinue the Vehicle Health Report service for SYNC GEN1 & GEN2 available on 2008-2016 vehicles. Consistent with the Terms & Conditions in the user agreement and starting August 1st, 2018, this change will result in the following:

Vehicle Health Information will no longer be sent through the mobile phone associated with the registered e-mail account Vehicle Health Reports will no longer be sent via e-mail Vehicle Health Reports will no longer be available on the Ford/Lincoln Owner websites"

Ford Work Solutions

[edit]

The Ford Work Solution is a collection of technologies debuted in April 2009. Ford Work Solutions is marketed toward professionals who buy the Ford F150, F-Series Super Duty, E-Series van and Transit Connect.[17] Magneti Marelli developed the in-dash computer system that is unique to trucks equipped with Ford Work Solutions.[18] The applications included in the Ford Work Solution are Crew Chief, Garmin Nav, Mobile Office and Tool Link.[3]

Crew Chief

[edit]

The Crew Chief application provides real-time vehicle location and maintenance tracking. Crew Chief can monitor numerous vehicle diagnostic functions including tire pressure, water in fuel, airbag faults and the check engine light. Users can also create alerts to monitor things such as excessive speeding.[17]

Garmin Navigation

[edit]

The Garmin Navigation application provides capabilities including destination routing and locating points of interest.[17]

LogMeIn

[edit]

The LogMeIn application allows users to remotely access an office computer using a data connection provided by Sprint.[18] The user can open applications on the remote computer, make updates and print documents using a Ford-certified, Bluetooth-enabled keyboard and printer.[17]

[edit]

Tool Link is an application that enables a user to take physical inventory of objects present in the truck bed using radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags. A user attaches RFID tags to an object, allowing the SYNC system to detect the object's presence or absence and noting the object's status on the in-dash computer display.[19]

Users can create "job lists" of objects to verify that tools needed for a certain job are present in the truck before heading to a job site. At the end of the job, the system can inventory items in the truck to ensure that no tools are left on the job site.[19] Ford developed the Tool Link application with power tool manufacturer DeWalt along with ThingMagic.[17][19]

Agreement with Microsoft

[edit]

Ford had exclusive use of the Microsoft Auto embedded operating system that powered the early versions of SYNC until the exclusivity agreement expired in November 2008. The Ford-developed user interface elements and Ford-developed applications remain exclusive to Ford group vehicles and are not available to other manufacturers using Windows Embedded Automotive for the basis of their in-vehicle infotainment systems.[20]

SYNC versions

[edit]

The original SYNC system (before the introduction of MyFord Touch) is now known as "SYNC Gen1", while the new MyFord Touch and MyLincoln Touch systems are known as "Gen2".

SYNC Gen1, Sept. 2007-Nov. 2012

[edit]

SYNC v1, which debuted September 2007, offered the ability to play certain entertainment media, the ability to connect to certain mobile phones and digital audio players and to utilize SMS.[3] In January 2008, SYNC v2 was released, which enabled two new Ford developed applications: 911 Assist and Vehicle Health Report.[3] SYNC v3, released in April 2009, enabled the Traffic, Directions and Information application. Later that month, Ford Work Solutions, a collection of five applications marketed towards professionals who buy Ford trucks, was added. The applications included in the Ford Work Solution were Crew Chief, Garmin Nav, LogMeIn and Tool Link.[3][3] SYNC v4 and v5 were released in January 2010 and January 2011, respectively, and enabled the Ford-developed MyFord Touch application for certain 2011 model year vehicles as well as SYNC AppLink capabilities for certain 2011 model year vehicles.[3] The latest version of SYNC was released in November 2012 by Ford and is only applicable to certain vehicles and configurations.

Ford has extended the warranty for Sync on several 2011 to 2014 models to five years as a customer satisfaction matter. (Field Service Action Number: 12M02)[21]

MyFord Touch / SYNC 2

[edit]

Sync 3

[edit]
The Sync 3 on a Ford Fiesta

On December 11, 2014, Ford announced Sync 3, which replaced MyFord Touch, having simpler features and be powered by QNX software by BlackBerry Limited instead of Microsoft.[4] The Sync 3 name is be used for both Ford and Lincoln models, though Lincoln's have a different theme. Over half of Ford's North American vehicles were planned to have Sync 3 by the end of 2015 and be expanded globally afterward; vehicles not equipped with Sync 3 were equipped with the original Ford Sync.[4] Ford cited issues with Microsoft's complex software dragging down its scores with Consumer Reports and other consumer magazines being a reason it switched to the BlackBerry QNX operating system.[4]

Sync 4 and 4a

[edit]

On October 30, 2019, Ford announced Sync 4 and 4a, the next version of their infotainment platform.[22] The new platform was initially announced with the unveiling of the Ford Mustang Mach E on November 18, 2019.[23] The first production vehicle and further details of Sync 4 were released at the unveiling of the 2021 model year Ford Mustang Mach-E.[24] Sync 4 comes with an 8 or 12 inch horizontally oriented main display while Sync 4a comes with a 12 or 15.5 inch vertically oriented main display.[25] Ford Power-Up software updates deliver continuous vehicle enhancements via over-the-air updates.[26]

SYNC Phase 5 (Digital Experience)

[edit]

In March 2023, the SYNC 5 infotainment system was launched alongside the redesigned Lincoln Nautilus, running Android Automotive OS and DuerOS in China. In the second half of 2024, the 2025 Lincoln Navigator, Lincoln Aviator, and Ford Expedition were equipped with the SYNC 5 system.

System hardware

[edit]
Ford SYNC module circuit board FCCID LHJSYNC01

The SYNC v1 computer, which Ford calls the Accessory Protocol Interface Module (APIM), is housed separately from the head unit, called the Audio Control Module (ACM), and interfaces with all vehicle audio sources as well as the high-speed and medium-speed vehicle CAN-buses.[27][28] The first generation of the Ford's SYNC computer was designed in cooperation with Continental AG[29] and is built around a 400 MHz Freescale i.MX31L processor with an ARM 11 CPU core, uses 256 MB of 133 MHz Mobile DDR SDRAM from Micron and 2 GB of Samsung NAND flash memory,[30][31] runs the Windows Embedded Automotive operating system,[32] and uses speech technology by Nuance Communications. Utilizing the USB port, SYNC's Microsoft Windows Auto-based operating system can be updated to work with new personal electronic devices. A Cambridge Silicon Radio (CSR) BlueCore4 chip provides Bluetooth connectivity with compatible phones and devices. SYNC's major circuit board chips cost roughly US$27.80, which allows Ford to profitably sell the system at a much lower price than competitive offerings.[30]

SYNC 3 hardware is a TI OMAP5432 CPU, using ARM Cortex-A15 cores.[33]

SYNC 4 hardware is an NXP i.MX 8 Series, using ARM Cortex-A53 cores.[34]

The SYNC 5 infotainment system installed in the Lincoln Nautilus is powered by the Qualcomm Snapdragon 8155 processor, integrated with 16GB of RAM and 256GB of internal storage. It also supports high-speed 5G network connectivity, enabling enhanced data transmission and real-time online services. It is typically configured with one or two 23-inch curved digital instrument displays, complemented by an 11.1-inch central touchscreen for infotainment and vehicle controls.

Research

[edit]

In 2011, Shutko and Tijerina reviewed large naturalistic studies on cars (Dingus and Klauer, 2008; Klauer et al., 2006; Young and Schreiner, 2009), heavy good vehicles (Olsen at el, 2008) and commercial vehicles and buses (Hickman et al., 2010) in field operational tests (Sayer et al., 2005, 2007). They concluded that:

  • Driver inattention is a contributory factor in most collisions/near-misses;
  • Visual inattention – looking away from the road – is the single most significant type of inattention;
  • Distraction from listening to or talking on a handheld/hands-free devices is less of a contributory factor in collisions/near-misses than is generally thought; indeed, these distractions may enhance safety in some circumstances.[35]

Awards and recognition

[edit]
  • Popular Mechanics ranked SYNC number four on its list of the "Top 10 Most Brilliant Gadgets of 2007".[10]
  • Popular Science magazine awarded SYNC a "Best of What's New Award" for 2008 in November 2007.[36]

Remote Emergency Satellite Cellular Unit (RESCU)

[edit]

Both Ford Motor Company and General Motors announced then-advanced services in 1996 for their top-of-the-line automobiles that provided GPS-assisted vehicle security and wireless communication. Ford delivered its RESCU (Remote Emergency Satellite Cellular Unit) service on the 1996 Lincoln Continental before GM delivered its OnStar,[37] "a similar system"[38] on some model-year 1997 vehicles.[39]

In less than five years, a book said that "potential competitors for OnStar are lagging" and that "Ford's RESCU has fizzled.[40]

A 2018 look-back at 1997 described Ford's RESCU as "long gone"[41] and added that "Ford now has SYNC, which is a much more robust and flexible system."

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ About SYNC 2010.
  2. ^ Microsoft 2010, p. 17.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Microsoft 2010, p. 16.
  4. ^ a b c d Ford dumps Microsoft for Blackberry for Sync 3 USA Today (12/11/2014)
  5. ^ Ford Partners With Google To Replace Its Microsoft Based SYNC In Car Info and Entertainment Service The Auto Channel (2/1/2021)
  6. ^ a b Moran 2007.
  7. ^ AutomotiveWorld.com 2007.
  8. ^ Massy, Kevin (7 January 2007). "Ford and Microsoft in Sync for in-car infotainment". CNET. Retrieved 23 October 2025.
  9. ^ "Is Ford SYNC The Voice Recognition Benchmark?". Auto Trends. 2008-04-21. Retrieved 2008-08-05.
  10. ^ a b Popular Mechanics 2007.
  11. ^ How to use SYNC® AppLink
  12. ^ Barnes, Noelle (7 January 2013). "Rhapsody Hits the Road with Ford SYNC AppLink".
  13. ^ Truta, Filip (3 April 2013). "Spotify 0.6.2 Brings Ford SYNC AppLink Support to iOS Customers".
  14. ^ "Ford Sync Integration discontinued". community.spotify.com. 13 February 2018.
  15. ^ "The Ford App Catalogue". Ford. 27 September 2019.
  16. ^ "Ford SYNC gets navigation tools from Telenav". 9 January 2009.
  17. ^ a b c d e Ford 2009.
  18. ^ a b Ford & 2009-03-03.
  19. ^ a b c Microsoft & 2009-03-09.
  20. ^ Tutor & 2009-09-17.
  21. ^ "12M02 – Warranty Extension Covering Accessory Protocol Interface Module (APIM) Software and Hardware – 2011-2014 Ford & Lincoln – Ford". 11 May 2016.
  22. ^ "Ford SYNC 4 Brings New Levels of Connectivity, Voice Recognition and Fewer Cords to Make Life on the Go Easy | Ford Media Center".
  23. ^ O'Kane, Sean (2019-11-18). "Up Close with Ford's Electric Mustang SUV, the Mach-E". theverge.com. Retrieved 2021-11-16.
  24. ^ "Introducing SYNC® 4 and 4A". Ford.
  25. ^ Drummond, Meghan. "ULTIMATE GUIDE TO SYNC 4". CJ PonyParts.
  26. ^ "FORD POWER-UP SOFTWARE UPDATES TO DELIVER A MORE SEAMLESS AMAZON ALEXA EXPERIENCE, BLUECRUISE AND MORE THIS YEAR". Ford. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  27. ^ Mustang Sync Kit 2008, p. 2.
  28. ^ "Connector: C3342 Accessory Protocol Interface Module (APIM)". Ford Motor Company. Retrieved 2010-07-30.[permanent dead link]
  29. ^ Bray, Hiawatha (2007-11-12). "Microsoft, Ford team up on voice controls for drivers". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
  30. ^ a b Richard Robinson, iSuppli (2008-04-04). "Under the Hood: Mini-teardown reveals Ford Sync's economical design". Embedded.com. Archived from the original on 2012-09-05. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
  31. ^ Chaney, Rich (2008-06-12). "Mobile DDR spurs low-cost, low-power automotive electronics designs". EETimes, Micron Technology. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
  32. ^ "Ford and Microsoft in Sync for in-car infotainment". CNET. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on 2011-08-27. Retrieved 2007-12-13.
  33. ^ "Ford's SYNC 3: A Performance "Upgrade"". ABI Research. Retrieved 2022-12-07.
  34. ^ "Ford's new fully networked vehicle architecture implements NXP processors". Retrieved 2022-12-07.
  35. ^ Shutko, J. and Tijerina, L., (2011), Ford's Approach to Managing Driver Attention: SYNC and MyFord Touch, Ergonomics In Design, Vol. 19, No. 4, October 2011, pp. 13-16
  36. ^ Popular Science 2007.
  37. ^ Stephen Williams (December 4, 2009). "G.M.'s OnStar Aids Senator's Daughter". The New York Times.
  38. ^ Mike Anson (January 9, 1997). "New services can get you out of a bind". The New York Post. p. 64.
  39. ^ Jim Mateja (May 27, 1996). "RESCU (Ford) vs. OnStar (GM)". Chicago Tribune.
  40. ^ Adrian Slywotzky; Richard Wise; Karl Weber (2003). How to Grow When Markets Don't. Grand Central. ISBN 075952792X.
  41. ^ "Autotrader's 20th Anniversary: Top Car Tech of 1997". 2018.

Bibliography

[edit]

Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.

Wikipedia

Ford Sync

Ford Sync (stylized Ford SYNC) is a factory-installed, integrated in-vehicle communications and entertainment system that allows users to make hands-free telephone calls, control music and perform other functions with the use of voice commands. The system consists of applications and user interfaces developed by Ford and other third-party developers. The first two generations (Ford Sync and MyFord Touch) run on the Windows Embedded Automotive operating system designed by Microsoft, while the third and fourth generations (Sync 3 and Sync 4/4a) run on the QNX operating system from BlackBerry Limited, and Sync 5 runs on Android Automotive OS. Ford first announced the release of SYNC in January 2007 at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit. SYNC was released into the retail market in 2007 when Ford installed the technology in twelve Ford group vehicles (2008 model) in North America.

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Wikipedia

Microsoft Sync

Microsoft Sync can refer to different technologies developed by Microsoft: Ford Sync, an in-car entertainment and navigation system Microsoft Sync Framework, a data synchronization platform

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Wikipedia

MyFord Touch

MyFord Touch (branded as MyLincoln Touch on Ford's Lincoln brand products, and also known as SYNC 2) is an in-car communications and entertainment system developed by the Ford Motor Company, based on Microsoft technologies. The technology was factory installed with Ford product offerings and was based on the Microsoft Auto 4.0 software platform. It was regarded as the next-generation of Ford Sync. Announced in January 2010, at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES), the technology launched with the 2011 Ford Edge. Reviews of MyFord Touch were overwhelmingly negative. A USB drive, self-installed software upgrade became available in March, 2012; this update was mailed out free-of-charge to all Ford customers, and Ford also offered free installation of the update by any Ford dealer. The update did not address continuing problems with light-touch capacitor switches (on cars so equipped) that control many functions. Several updates have since been released which allowed for more natural speech recognition, simpler Bluetooth pairing, and refinement of the on-screen interface and menus.

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Wikipedia

Ford Mustang

The Ford Mustang is an American automobile manufactured and marketed by Ford since 1964, as Ford's longest nameplate in continuous production. Currently in its seventh generation, it is the fifth-best selling Ford car nameplate. The namesake of the "pony car" automobile segment, the Mustang was developed as a highly styled line of sporty coupes and convertibles derived from existing model lines, initially distinguished by its pronounced "long hood, short deck" proportions. Originally predicted to sell 100,000 vehicles yearly, the 1965 Mustang became the most successful vehicle launch since the 1927 Model A. Introduced on April 17, 1964 (16 days after the Plymouth Barracuda), over 400,000 units were sold in its first year; the one-millionth Mustang was sold within two years of its launch. In August 2018, Ford produced the 10-millionth Mustang; matching the first 1965 Mustang, the vehicle was a 2019 Wimbledon White convertible with a V8 engine. The success of the Mustang launch led to multiple competitors from other American manufacturers, including the Chevrolet Camaro and Pontiac Firebird (1967), AMC Javelin (1968), and Dodge Challenger (1970). It also competed with the Plymouth Barracuda, which was launched around the same time. The Mustang also had an effect on designs of coupes worldwide, leading to the marketing of the Toyota Celica and Ford Capri in the United States (the latter, by Lincoln-Mercury). The Mercury Cougar was launched in 1967 as a unique-bodied higher-trim alternative to the Mustang; during the 1970s, it included more features and was marketed as a personal luxury car. From 1965 until 2004, the Mustang shared chassis commonality with other Ford model lines, staying rear-wheel-drive throughout its production. From 1965 to 1973, the Mustang was derived from the 1960 Ford Falcon compact. From 1974 until 1978, the Mustang (denoted Mustang II) was a longer-wheelbase version of the Ford Pinto. From 1979 until 2004, the Mustang shared its Fox platform chassis with 14 other Ford vehicles (becoming the final one to use the Fox architecture). Since 2005, the Mustang has used the D2C platform, unique to the Mustang. Through its production, multiple nameplates have been associated with the Ford Mustang series, including GT, Mach 1, Boss 302/429, Cobra (separate from Shelby Cobra), and Bullitt, along with "5.0" fender badging (denoting 4.9 L OHV or 5.0 L DOHC V8 engines).

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TOPIC OF THE DAY

Greenwood / Black Wall Street

Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.

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TRIVIA QUESTION OF THE DAY

Who became the first Black woman to travel into space?

Mae Jemison, aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992.