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THE JOURNEY THROUGH TIME

Explore Black History

Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.

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Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.

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Events

Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.

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MY'STORY

The MOVE Fire

This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985 Philadelphia police fired thousands of rounds at the MOVE house, city officials approved dropping an explosive device on the roof, the resulting fire was allowed to burn, 11 people—including five children—died, and 61 homes were destroyed. Philadelphia City Council later called it a “brutal attack carried out by the City of Philadelphia on its own citizens” and acknowledged that no individual faced criminal consequences for the bombing. One timeline correction worth preserving for the BHP record: the major previous MOVE-police confrontation was August 8, 1978, about seven years before the bombing, not a year or two earlier. Officer James Ramp was killed, other police and firefighters were wounded, nine MOVE members were later convicted, and television cameras recorded police beating Delbert Africa during his arrest. The 1985 MOVE Commission later specifically criticized city planners for failing to adequately use lessons from that 1978 confrontation. And that actually strengthens the point you’re making: 1985 did not happen without precedent or institutional memory. There had already been a deadly confrontation with MOVE, years of conflict, negotiations and police involvement before Osage Avenue.

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BLACK FACTS
The Truths They Never Taught You...

Katherine Johnson — Mathematics to the Moon

Katherine Johnson’s mathematical calculations helped guide some of America’s most important early space missions while she confronted the racial and gender barriers faced by Black women in twentieth-century America.

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BHP gathered finds from its connected research sources. Showing the 4 strongest Black History matches.
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NMAAHC

Letter from Ralph Ellison to Gloria Foster with envelope

Date
January 6, 1986
Description
A signed letter (a) written by author Ralph Ellison to actress Gloria Foster, January 6, 1986 with original envelope (b). The letter is typewritten in black ink on white paper and consists of three paragraphs relating how moved Ellison was by a taped reading of Invisible Man performed by Foster as part of a P.E.N. America program. Ellison writes, “…never have my wife and I heard such a sensitive and eloquently rendered interpretation of the Tod Clifton – or for that matter, any other – scene from Invisible Man.” The letter is signed in blue ink [Sincerely / Ralph Ellison] at the bottom right corner. There are no markings on the reverse of the letter. The square white paper envelope (b) has a color YMCA Youth Camping stamp adhered in the top right corner on the front, a round black New York postal stamp [9 JAN / 1986], and is addressed to Foster in blue ink. On the reverse of the envelope is a small, white personalized label with Ellison’s return address.
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National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Collection title
Liljenquist Family Collection
Classification
Documents and Manuscripts
Credit Line
Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Tom Liljenquist
Data Source
National Museum of African American History and Culture
Object number
2024.118.2ab
Type
envelopes
letters (correspondence)
Restrictions & Rights
© Estate of Ralph Ellison
Permission required for use. Proper usage is the responsibility of the user.
Medium
ink on paper
Dimensions
H x W (a): 11 × 8 9/16 in. (28 × 21.7 cm)
H x W (b): 5 1/16 × 6 1/2 in. (12.8 × 16.5 cm)
Title
Object Name • Letter from Ralph Ellison to Gloria Foster with envelope
Record ID
nmaahc_2024.118.2ab
Museum
NMAAHC
Title Sort
LETTER FROM RALPH ELLISON TO GLORIA FOSTER WITH ENVELOPE
Source
National Museum of African American History and Culture
Metadata Usage
CC0
Date
1980s
Geo Location
City • New York • State • New York • Country • United States • Continent • North and Central America
Online Media Type
Images
Online Media Rights
Use Restricted

Source: National Museum of African American History and Culture, Smithsonian Institution. Rights and restrictions shown above are supplied by the Smithsonian record.

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NMAAHC

Conductor's baton with mount used by William Patrick Foster

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NMAAHC

Frank Foster, 1988

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NMAAHC

Portrait of Gloria Foster

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NMAAHC

Letter from Ralph Ellison to Gloria Foster with envelope

Date: Date

Description

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TOPIC OF THE DAY

Greenwood / Black Wall Street

Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.

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TRIVIA QUESTION OF THE DAY

Which heavyweight champion was known as the “Brown Bomber”?

Joe Louis.