Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
Wilmington, North Carolina once had a thriving Black middle class and an elected interracial government. In 1898 white supremacists used violence to overthrow that government, kill Black residents and drive many others from the city.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
| GNOME Evolution | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Evolution 3.6; September 2012 | |
| Original author | Ximian |
| Developer | GNOME Project |
| Release | 10 May 2000[1] |
| Stable release | 3.62.1[2] 
/ 9 October 2026 |
| Written in | C (GTK) |
| Operating system | Unix-like |
| Available in | 53[3] languages |
List of languages English, Portuguese (Brazilian), Russian, Slovenian, Ukrainian[3] | |
| Type | Personal information manager |
| License | LGPL 2.1 only[a] and others[4] |
| Website | gitlab |
| Repository | |
GNOME Evolution (formerly Novell Evolution and Ximian Evolution, before Novell acquired Ximian in 2003) is the official personal information manager for GNOME. It has been an official part of GNOME since Evolution 2.0 was included with the GNOME 2.8 release in September 2004.[5] It combines email, address book, calendar, task list, and note-taking features. Its user interface and functions are similar to Microsoft Outlook. Evolution is free software licensed under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).
Evolution delivers the following features:[6]
The Novell GroupWise plug-in is no longer in active development.[10] A Scalix plug-in[11] is also available, but its development stopped in 2009.[12]
Evolution Data Server (EDS) is a set of libraries and session services for storing address books and calendars.[13] Other software such as California[14] and GNOME Calendar[15][16] depends on EDS also.
Some documentation about the software architecture is available in the GNOME wiki.[17]
Depending on which version of Microsoft Exchange Server is used, different packages need to be installed to be able to connect to it. The documentation recommends the evolution-ews package (which uses Exchange Web Services) for Exchange Server 2007, 2010 and newer. If evolution-ews does not work well, it is advised to try the evolution-mapi package. This supports Exchange Server 2010, 2007 and possibly older versions supporting Messaging Application Programming Interface (MAPI). For Exchange Server 2003, 2000 and possibly earlier versions supporting Outlook Web App the package evolution-exchange is recommended.[18]
Ximian decided to develop Evolution in 2000. It felt there were no email clients for Linux at the time that could provide the functionality and interoperability necessary for corporate users. Ximian saw an opportunity for Linux to penetrate the corporate environment if the right enterprise software was available for it. It released Evolution 1.0 in December 2001 and offered the paid Ximian Connector plug-in which allowed users to connect with Microsoft Exchange Server. Evolution itself has been free software from the start, but Ximian Connector was sold as proprietary software so that Ximian could generate revenue.[19] This changed after Novell's acquisition of Ximian in August 2003. Novell decided to integrate the Exchange plug-in as free software in Evolution 2.0 in May 2004.[20]
Novell was in turn acquired by The Attachmate Group in 2011. It transferred Novell's former Evolution developers to its subsidiary SUSE. In 2012 SUSE decided to stop its funding of Evolution's development and assigned its developers elsewhere. As a consequence only two full-time developers employed by Red Hat remained.[10] Later in 2013 Red Hat dedicated more developers to the project, reinvigorating its development. The reasons given for the decision were the cessation of active development on Mozilla Thunderbird and the need for an email client with good support for Microsoft Exchange.[21]
As a part of GNOME, Evolution is released as source code. Linux distributions provide packages of GNOME for end-users. Evolution is used as the default personal information manager on several Linux distributions which use GNOME by default, most notably Debian and Fedora. Ubuntu has replaced Evolution with Mozilla Thunderbird as the default email client since Ubuntu 11.10 Oneiric Ocelot.[22]
In the past,[when?] Evolution was ported to Apple Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows, but these ports are discontinued.[when?]
In 2006, Novell released an installer for Evolution 2.6 on Mac OS X.[23] In January 2005, Novell's Nat Friedman announced in his blog[24] that the company had hired Tor Lillqvist, the programmer who ported GIMP to Microsoft Windows, to do the same with Evolution. Before this announcement, several projects with the same goal had been started but none of them reached alpha status. In 2008, DIP Consultants released a Windows installer for Evolution 2.28.1-1 for Microsoft Windows XP and newer.[25] As of 2025, it is available for download from only the SourceForge project page.[26]
A slightly more recent (2010–2011) experimental installer for Evolution 3.0.2 is provided by openSUSE.[27][28] Users have faced difficulties getting this version working.[29]
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
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Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
GNOME Evolution (formerly Novell Evolution and Ximian Evolution, before Novell acquired Ximian in 2003) is the official personal information manager for GNOME. It has been an official part of GNOME since Evolution 2.0 was included with the GNOME 2.8 release in September 2004. It combines email, address book, calendar, task list, and note-taking features. Its user interface and functions are similar to Microsoft Outlook. Evolution is free software licensed under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).
The Internet Calendaring and Scheduling Core Object Specification (iCalendar) is a media type which allows users to store and exchange calendaring and scheduling information such as events, to-dos, journal entries, and free/busy information. Together with its associated standards, iCalendar has been a cornerstone of the standardization and interoperability of digital calendars across different vendors. Files formatted according to the specification usually have an extension of .ics. With supporting software, such as an email reader or calendar application, recipients of an iCalendar data file can respond to the sender easily or counter-propose another meeting date/time. The file format is specified in a proposed Internet standard (RFC 5545) for calendar data exchange. The standard and file type are sometimes referred to as "iCal", which was the name of the Apple Inc. calendar program until 2012 (see iCal), which provides one of the implementations of the standard. iCalendar is used and supported by many products, including: general consumer: Apple Calendar (formerly iCal), eM Client, Google Calendar, Yahoo! Calendar corporate: HCL Domino (formerly IBM Notes and Lotus Notes) free software: GNOME Evolution, GNU Emacs, Mozilla Thunderbird, and SeaMonkey It is partially supported by Microsoft Outlook and Novell GroupWise. iCalendar is designed to be independent of the transport protocol. For example, certain events can be sent by traditional email or whole calendar files can be shared and edited by using a WebDav server, or SyncML. Simple web servers (using just the HTTP protocol) are often used to distribute iCalendar data about an event and to publish busy times of an individual. Publishers can embed iCalendar data in web pages using hCalendar, a 1:1 microformat representation of iCalendar in semantic (X)HTML.
SyncEvolution synchronizes Evolution's contact, calendar and task items via SyncML. The items are exchanged in the vCard 2.1 or 3.0 format and iCalendar 2.0 format via the Synthesis C++ client API library, which should make SyncEvolution compatible with the majority of SyncML servers. Full, one-way and incremental synchronization of items are supported. SyncEvolution synchronizes personal information management (PIM) data such as contacts, appointments, tasks and memos using the Synthesis sync engine, which provides support for the SyncML synchronization protocol. SyncEvolution synchronizes with SyncML servers over HTTP and with SyncML capable phones locally over Bluetooth/OBEX. Plugins provide access to the data which is to be synchronized. Binaries are available for Linux desktops (synchronizing data in GNOME Evolution, with KDE supported indirectly already and Akonadi support in development), for MeeGo and for Maemo 5/Nokia N900. The source code can be compiled for Unix-like systems and provides a framework to build custom SyncML clients or servers.
GNOME Files, formerly and internally known as Nautilus, is the official file manager for the GNOME desktop. It is free and open-source software under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Joe Louis.
