Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
In August 1908, a white mob attacked Springfield, Illinois’s Black community, destroying homes and businesses and lynching two Black men. National outrage over the violence helped spur the movement that created the NAACP the following year.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
This article needs to be updated. (December 2022) |
| Geostar | |
|---|---|
Logo of Geostar 2008 | |
| Created by | Simon Fuller |
| Country of origin | Georgia |
| Original release | |
| Network | Rustavi 2 |
| Release | 2006 – 31 December 2011 |
Geostari (Georgian: ჯეოსტარი) is the Georgian franchise of the Idol series, which airs on Rustavi 2. Georgia is the fifth former Soviet country to have acquired an Idol franchise after Armenia, Estonia, Kazakhstan, and Russia.[citation needed]
The series began on 2006 as an Idol spin-off, but it is only in its third season in 2008 that it has enable to acquire a license from FremantleMedia, owner of the Idol franchise which resulted in a change of the rules following the same format as other Idol shows were only the viewers decide upon the verdict of the contestants. Former seasons have seen the judges saving one of the bottom two contestants with their Power of Veto at the end of each episode.[1]
The sixth season started in October 2010 and ended 31 December 2011. After six seasons known as Geostari, the program was to be redeveloped in 2012 by Rustavi 2 to the new title of საქართველოს ვარსკვლავი or Sakartvelos Varskvlavi (Georgian Idol) was to premiere in September however was delayed due to the 2012 Georgian protests. The program eventually returned in 2019 and was used to select the Georgian representative for the Eurovision Song Contest.[2]
Giorgi Sukhitashvili won the third season making him the first male contestant to win the show following the two women Tiko Chulukhadze and Ani Kekua. It is therefore also the first former Soviet country which saw victory for both genders in its Idol adaptation whereas Narodniy Artist (Russia) and SuperStar KZ (Kazakhstan) only had male winners and Hay Superstar (Armenia) and Eesti otsib superstaari (Estonia) only had females.[citation needed]
Hosts
Judges
| Theme | Bottom Three | ||
| 19 October | Ana Kurtubadze | Salome Bakuradze | Giorgi Sukhitashvili |
| 26 October | Teona Niazashvili | Giorgi Sukhitashvili (2) | Nini Tsiklauri |
| 1 November | Mari Asatiani | ||
| 8 November | Rati Navadze | ||
| 15 November | Eko Amqoladze | ||
| 22 November | Giorgi Makharashvili | ||
| 29 November | Nini Tsiklauri | ||
| 6 December | Tamuna Mikeladze | ||
| 13 December | Irina Bairamashvili | ||
| 20 December | Boris Bedia | ||
| Did Not Perform | Female | Male | Semi | Finalists | Winner |
Safe
|
First Save
|
Second Save
|
Last Save
|
Eliminated
|
| Stage: | Semi | Finals | |||||||||||||||
| Week: | 10/12 | 10/19 | 10/26 | 11/01 | 11/08 | 11/15 | 11/22 | 11/29 | 12/06 | 12/13 | 12/20 | 12/27 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Place | Contestants | Results | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | Giorgi Sukhitashvili | Btm 3 | Btm 2 | Btm 3 | Winner | ||||||||||||
| 2 | Salome Bakuradze | Btm 2 | Btm 3 | Runner-up | |||||||||||||
| 3 | Boris Bedia | Elim | |||||||||||||||
| 4 | Irina Bairamashvili | Btm 2 | Elim | ||||||||||||||
| 5 | Tamuna Mikeladze | Btm 2 | Btm 2 | Elim | |||||||||||||
| 6 | Nini Tsiklauri | Adv | Btm 3 | Btm 3 | Elim | ||||||||||||
| 7 | Giorgi Makharashvili | Elim | |||||||||||||||
| 8 | Eko Amqoladze | Elim | |||||||||||||||
| 9 | Rati Navadze | Elim | |||||||||||||||
| 10 | Mari Asatiani | Elim | |||||||||||||||
| 11 | Teona Niazashvili | Elim | |||||||||||||||
| 12 | Ana Kurtubadze | Elim | |||||||||||||||
| Semi | Tornike Beroshvili | Elim | |||||||||||||||
| Natalia Gogitidze | |||||||||||||||||
| Stage: | Semi | Finals | |||||||||||||||
| Week: | 10/12 | 10/19 | 10/26 | 11/02 | 11/09 | 11/16 | 11/23 | 11/30 | 12/07 | 12/14 | 12/21 | 12/31 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Place | Contestants | Results | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | Nodiko Tatishvili | Btm 3 | Btm 3 | Btm 2 | Btm 2 | Winner | |||||||||||
| 2 | Vajha Mania | Btm 3 | Runner-up | ||||||||||||||
| 3 | Datuna Mgeladze | Btm 3 | Btm 3 | Elim | |||||||||||||
| 4 | Sopo Bedia | Btm 3 | Btm 2 | Elim | |||||||||||||
| 5 | Shota Legashvili | Btm 2 | Elim | ||||||||||||||
| 6 | Nini Sukhitashvili | Btm 3 | Btm 2 | Btm 2 | Elim | ||||||||||||
| 7 | Nino Basharuli | Btm 3 | Btm 2 | Elim | |||||||||||||
| 8 | Mamuka Gorgiladze | Btm 3 | Elim | ||||||||||||||
| 9 | Maka Sirbiladze | Btm 3 | Elim | ||||||||||||||
| 10 | Giorgi Tskhvariashvili | Adv | Elim | ||||||||||||||
| 11 | Gvantsa Kachkachishvili | Elim | |||||||||||||||
| 12 | Mariam liklikadze | Elim | |||||||||||||||
| Semi | Irakli Maruashvili | Elim | |||||||||||||||
| Giorgi Kobaidze | |||||||||||||||||
| Stage: | Semi | Finals | |||||||||||
| Week: | 10/11 | 10/18 | 10/25 | 11/01 | 11/08 | 11/15 | 11/22 | 11/29 | 12/06 | 12/13 | 12/20 | 12/27 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Place | Contestants | Results | |||||||||||
| 1 | Otar Nemsadze | Btm 2 | Winner | ||||||||||
| 2 | Sopho Gelovani | Btm 3 | Btm 2 | Btm 2 | Btm 2 | Runner-Up | |||||||
| 3 | Iago Devadze | Btm 3 | Btm 3 | Elim | |||||||||
| 4 | Indira Gerenaia | Btm 3 | Elim | Btm 3 | Btm 3 | Btm 2 | Elim | ||||||
| 5 | Natia Dumbadze | Adv | Btm 2 | Btm 2 | Elim | Elim | |||||||
| 6 | Ani Siradze | WD | |||||||||||
| 7 | Zura Mosiava | Btm 3 | Btm 2 | Elim | |||||||||
| 8 | Levan Kbilashvili | Btm 3 | WD | ||||||||||
| 9 | Ana Mdivnishvili | Btm 3 | Elim | ||||||||||
| 10 | Merab Nutsubidze | Btm 2 | Elim | ||||||||||
| 11 | Lasha Tolordava | Btm 2 | Elim | ||||||||||
| 12 | Salome Kalandadze | Elim | |||||||||||
| Semi | Eka Skhirtladze | Elim | |||||||||||
| Ninisha Metreveli | |||||||||||||
| Stage: | Semi | Finals | ||||||||||||
| Week: | 10/10 | 10/17 | 10/24 | 10/31 | 11/07 | 11/14 | 11/21 | 11/28 | 12/05 | 12/12 | 12/19 | 12/31 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Place | Contestants | Results | ||||||||||||
| 1 | Marita Rokhvadze | Btm 3 | Btm 2 | Winner | ||||||||||
| 2 | Levan Kbilashvili | Btm 3 | Btm 2 | Btm 3 | Btm 3 | Btm 2 | Runner-Up | |||||||
| 3 | Mari Jomardidze | Btm 2 | Btm 2 | Btm 2 | Elim | |||||||||
| 4 | Giorgi Gogishvili | Btm 3 | Btm 3 | Elim | ||||||||||
| 5 | Andria Gvelesiani | Btm 2 | Btm 2 | Btm 3 | Elim | |||||||||
| 6 | Moris Meladze | Adv | Btm 2 | Elim | ||||||||||
| 7 | Niko Beridze | Btm 2 | Elim | |||||||||||
| 8 | David Londaridze | Btm 3 | Btm 3 | Elim | ||||||||||
| 9 | Tekla Kalmakhelidze | Elim | ||||||||||||
| 10 | Khatia Esitashvili | Elim | ||||||||||||
| 11 | Mariam Pavliashvili | Elim | ||||||||||||
| 12 | Gio Maglaperidze | Elim | ||||||||||||
| Semi | Nikoloz Guraspashvili | Elim | ||||||||||||
| Irakli Churghulia | ||||||||||||||
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Geostari (Georgian: ჯეოსტარი) is the Georgian franchise of the Idol series, which airs on Rustavi 2. Georgia is the fifth former Soviet country to have acquired an Idol franchise after Armenia, Estonia, Kazakhstan, and Russia.
The GEOStar is a family of satellite buses designed and manufactured by Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems. The family initially focused on small geostationary communications satellites. The first iterations addressed the sub-5 kW commercial segment that was underserved following the retirement of the HS-376 satellite bus. It started with the STARBus on CTA Space Systems, which was later bought successively by Orbital Sciences, Orbital ATK, and most recently Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems.
The GEOStar-3 is a communications satellite spacecraft model made by Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems. GEOStar-3 represents an evolutionary growth from Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems GEOStar-2 platform. The GEOStar-3 Bus can accommodate payloads of up to 800 kilograms and 8,000 watts. Some changes to the GEOStar-3 bus include increased battery capacity and solar array power, enabling it to provide up to eight kilowatts of power to the payload. The bus can be customized, including compatibility with all commercially available launch vehicles and the option to launch with another spacecraft on certain launch vehicles. In addition to increased payload power, GEOStar-3 also has the option of utilizing electric propulsion, which allows it to complete its fifteen to seventeen year mission life with less fuel.
The GEOStar-1 is a communications satellite spacecraft model made by Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems in the late 1990s for telecommunications in geosynchronous orbit. The GEOStar-1 satellite bus is designed for a 15-year mission and was compatible with the Ariane 4, Ariane 5, Delta II, Proton (rocket family), and Long March (rocket family).
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Madam C.J. Walker