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THE JOURNEY THROUGH TIME

Explore Black History

Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.

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Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.

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Events

Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.

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MY'STORY

The MOVE Fire

This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985 Philadelphia police fired thousands of rounds at the MOVE house, city officials approved dropping an explosive device on the roof, the resulting fire was allowed to burn, 11 people—including five children—died, and 61 homes were destroyed. Philadelphia City Council later called it a “brutal attack carried out by the City of Philadelphia on its own citizens” and acknowledged that no individual faced criminal consequences for the bombing. One timeline correction worth preserving for the BHP record: the major previous MOVE-police confrontation was August 8, 1978, about seven years before the bombing, not a year or two earlier. Officer James Ramp was killed, other police and firefighters were wounded, nine MOVE members were later convicted, and television cameras recorded police beating Delbert Africa during his arrest. The 1985 MOVE Commission later specifically criticized city planners for failing to adequately use lessons from that 1978 confrontation. And that actually strengthens the point you’re making: 1985 did not happen without precedent or institutional memory. There had already been a deadly confrontation with MOVE, years of conflict, negotiations and police involvement before Osage Avenue.

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BLACK FACTS
The Truths They Never Taught You...

The Violence That Helped Spark the NAACP

In August 1908, a white mob attacked Springfield, Illinois’s Black community, destroying homes and businesses and lynching two Black men. National outrage over the violence helped spur the movement that created the NAACP the following year.

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Wikipedia

Gluhareff Pressure Jet

The Gluhareff Pressure Jet (or tip jet) is a type of jet engine that, like a valveless pulse jet, has no moving parts. It was invented by Eugene Michael Gluhareff, a Russian-American[1] engineer who envisioned it as a power plant for personal helicopters and compact aircraft such as microlights.

Mechanism

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The Gluhareff pressure jet operates three acoustically tuned input stages which accelerate and direct air into the combustion chamber where it heats the fuel pressure coil.

Having no moving parts, the engine works by having a coiled pipe in the combustion chamber that superheats the fuel (propane) before being injected into the air-fuel inlet. In the combustion chamber, the fuel/air mixture ignites and burns, creating thrust as it leaves through the exhaust pipe. Induction and compression of the fuel/air mixture is done both by the pressure of propane as it is injected, along with the sound waves created by combustion acting on the intake stacks.[2]

The engine has three intake stages, which are sized according to the sound created by the combustion process when running. This has exactly the same effect as the turbine and compressor in a turbojet, creating a vacuum that sucks in air. The intakes, along with the exhaust, are sonically tuned so that the locations of the pressure antinodes of the Mach disks in the propane stream match the locations of the intake apertures. Thus atmospheric pressure augments air intake as much as possible. Early prototypes produced very small amounts of thrust, before Gluharev developed it from early experiments on producing thrust from using the pressurized fuel's kinetic energy to suck in the air and compress it prior to combustion.[3]

A 1949 reference to a very similar concept exists.[4] Although described as a ram jet, this version heats the fuel within a closed space to create the pressure for injection and compression of the entrained air in a similar manner to the Gluhareff design and is in all fundamental respects a pressure jet of the same type.

Advantages

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  • No moving parts, meaning very little wear.
  • Simple throttling, via a valve in the fuel line.
  • Clean burning and very low emissions, especially as it is designed to use propane which burns very cleanly.
  • It is possible that the engine can be built at home from plans or a kit. These are already commercially available kits.
  • Simple design means that engines can be incorporated into either a helicopter's rotor blades or a fixed-wing aircraft's wings or tailfins.

Disadvantages

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  • Engines need to be sonically tuned for maximum efficiency.
  • Noise is very similar to that of a pulse jet engine, which could cause discomfort for passengers and people on the ground.
  • Very high engine temperatures are a problem (the engine can glow bright orange which creates an obvious material problem).
  • Difficult to mount due to operating temperatures, intake valve assembly, and fuel supply.

Applications

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Ronald Barrett. "Gluhareff Pressure Jet Engine" (PDF).
  2. ^ "US Patent#: US3093962A". 1963-06-18. Retrieved 2014-02-28.
  3. ^ Ronald Barrett. "Gluhareff Pressure Jet Engine" (PDF).
  4. ^ Paul Nikulka. "Jet Model Engine" (PDF).
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Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.

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Wikipedia

Gluhareff Pressure Jet

The Gluhareff Pressure Jet (or tip jet) is a type of jet engine that, like a valveless pulse jet, has no moving parts. It was invented by Eugene Michael Gluhareff, a Russian-American engineer who envisioned it as a power plant for personal helicopters and compact aircraft such as microlights.

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Wikipedia

Eugene Michael Gluhareff

Eugene Michael Gluhareff (April 5, 1916 – July 15, 1994) was born in Petrograd (now known as St. Petersburg), Russia and moved to the United States in 1924. Gluhareff was an engineer, the son of Michael Gluhareff of Sikorsky Aircraft. He is much acclaimed for his pioneering work on tip jets, inventor of the Gluhareff Pressure Jet and was a contributor to the American Helicopter XH-26 Jet Jeep.

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Wikipedia

Gluhareff EMG-300

The Gluhareff EMG-300 is a single-seat helicopter with a rotor powered by tip jet engines. It was designed and built by Eugene Michael Gluhareff in the 1990s. Although some test flights took place, Gluhareff died in 1994 before development was completed. The helicopter has a two-blade rotor; each blade has a Gluhareff Pressure Jet engine mounted on its tip. Only one was built; it is now in the collection of the Pima Air & Space Museum in Tucson, Arizona.

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Wikipedia

Engine pressure ratio

The engine pressure ratio (EPR) is the total pressure ratio across a jet engine, measured as the ratio of the total pressure at the exit of the propelling nozzle divided by the total pressure at the entry to the compressor. Jet engines use either EPR or compressor/fan RPM as an indicator of thrust. When EPR is used, the pressures are measured in front of the compressor and behind the turbine.

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TOPIC OF THE DAY

Greenwood / Black Wall Street

Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.

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TRIVIA QUESTION OF THE DAY

Who was the first African-American woman millionaire in the United States?

Madam C.J. Walker