Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
Katherine Johnson’s mathematical calculations helped guide some of America’s most important early space missions while she confronted the racial and gender barriers faced by Black women in twentieth-century America.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
This is a comparison of image file formats (graphics file formats). This comparison primarily features file formats for 2D images.
Ownership of the format and related information.
| Format | Full name | Owner | based Format | File extension | MIME type | Application | Patent- free |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AI | Adobe Illustrator Document | Adobe Systems | .ai | application/illustrator, application/postscript |
Adobe Illustrator | No | |
| ANI | ANI file format | Microsoft | RIFF | .ani | Microsoft Windows | ||
| ANIM | Electronic Arts and Commodore | IFF | .iff, .anim | video/x-anim | |||
| APNG | Animated Portable Network Graphics | Mozilla | PNG | .png | image/png | Gecko 1.9 and Opera | Yes |
| Apple Icon Image | Apple Inc. | .icns | macOS | ||||
| ART | AOL | .art | |||||
| ASCII art | .txt, .ansi, .text | text/vnd.ascii-art | Supported by GIMP | ||||
| AutoCAD DXF | Drawing Interchange Format | Autodesk | .dxf | image/vnd.dxf | |||
| ARW | Sony Alpha RAW | Sony | TIFF | .arw | |||
| AVIF | AV1 Image File Format | Alliance for Open Media (AOMedia) | AV1 | .avif | image/avif | General purpose | royalty-free |
| BAY | Casio RAW | Casio | .bay | ||||
| BMP | raw-data unencoded or encoded bitmap | simple colour image format, far older than Microsoft; some .bmp encoding formats developed/owned by Microsoft | .bmp, .dib, .rle, .2bp (2bpp) |
image/x-bmp | Used by many 2D applications. | Yes | |
| BPG | Better Portable Graphics | Fabrice Bellard | HEVC | .bpg | General purpose | No | |
| BSAVE | BSAVE Image | .BSV | Used by IBM PC. | ||||
| CAL | CALS raster file format | .cal, .cals, .ras, .dcl | |||||
| CIFF | Camera Image File Format | Canon | .crw, .ciff | ||||
| CR2 | Canon RAW 2 | Canon | TIFF | .cr2 | |||
| CDR | CorelDRAW Document | Corel Corporation | .cdr, .ccx, .cdt, .cmx | application/coreldraw | CorelDRAW | No | |
| CD5 | Chasys Draw IES Image | John Paul Chacha | .cd5 | Native format for Chasys Draw IES for storing layered images and animations | No | ||
| CGM | Computer Graphics Metafile | .cgm | image/cgm | CGM files are editable using programs that support the format, such as IBM Lotus Freelance Graphics, Inkscape, etc. | |||
| CIN | Cineon | .cin | image/cineon | ||||
| CPC | Cartesian Perceptual Compression | Cartesian Products, Inc. | .cpc, .cpi | image/cpi | Highly compressed raster imaging format. | No | |
| DCS | Kodak DCS Pro RAW | Kodak | .dcs | ||||
| DCR | Digital Camera Raw | Kodak | TIFF | .dcr | |||
| DDS | DirectDraw Surface | Microsoft | .dds | ||||
| DNG | Digital Negative | Adobe Systems | compatible with ISO 12234-2, TIFF/EP[1] |
.dng | A raw image format suitable as an archival format and as the native raw format of digital cameras[2] | Yes[3] | |
| DICOM | Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine | National Electrical Manufacturers Association | .dcm, .dicom | application/dicom[4] | Numerous biomedical imaging applications[4] (e.g. OsiriX, XMedCon), some general bitmap graphics applications (e.g. GIMP, Photoshop) | ||
| DjVu | DjVu | AT&T Research | .djvu, .djv | image/vnd.djvu | |||
| DPX | Digital Picture eXchange file format | .dpx | image/dpx | ||||
| DRF | Kodak Pro Back RAW | Kodak | .drf | ||||
| Encapsulated PostScript | page description/scripting language (see PostScript) | Adobe | .epi, .eps, .eps2, .eps3, .epsf, .epsi, .ept |
application/postscript | printing/publishing industry standard format | ||
| ECW | Enhanced Compressed Wavelet | ERDAS | .ecw | Wavelet image format used primarily with geo-referenced aerial and satellite imagery | No | ||
| EMF | Enhanced Metafile Format | Microsoft | .emf, .emz | Microsoft Office | |||
| EMF+ | Enhanced Metafile Format Plus Extensions | Microsoft | .emf, .emz | ||||
| ERF | EPSON RAW | EPSON | TIFF | .erf | |||
| Exif | Exchangeable Image File Format | .exif | |||||
| EVA | Extended Vector Animation | Sharp Corporation | .eva | application/x-eva | |||
| EXR | OpenEXR | ILM | .exr | image/exr | Used in film effects for 3d rendering and hdr images. | Yes[5] | |
| FITS | Flexible Image Transport System | .fit, .fits | Scientific (esp. astronomical) data acquisition | ||||
| FLIC | Autodesk | .fli, .flc, .flx, .flh, .flt | Supported by GIMP | ||||
| FLIF | Free Lossless Image Format | .flif, .flf | General-purpose,
superseded by Jpeg XL |
Yes | |||
| FPX | FlashPix (1.0.2) | .fpx | image/vnd.fpx | ||||
| Gerber Format | The Gerber Format Specification | Ucamco | Printable ASCII | .gbr | application/vnd.gerber | Printed Circuit Board or PCB software | Yes |
| GIF | Graphics Interchange Format | CompuServe, Unisys (compression algorithm) |
.gif, .gfa, .giff | image/gif | General purpose, popular for small animated images | Yes | |
| HEIF | High Efficiency Image Format | Motion Pictures Expert Group (MPEG) | .heif, .heic | image/heif, image/heic, image/heic-sequence, image/heif-sequence |
General purpose | No | |
| HDRi | TIFF | .tif, .tiff | image/tiff | ||||
| ICER | NASA Mars Rovers | ||||||
| ICO | ICO file format | Microsoft | .ico, .cur | image/vnd.Microsoft.icon, image/x-icon |
Microsoft Windows and web browsers as favicon | ||
| ICS | Image Cytometry Standard | .ics, .ids | |||||
| IGES | Initial Graphics Exchange Specification | .igs | image/iges | CAD/CAM interoperability | Yes | ||
| ILBM | InterLeaved BitMap | Electronic Arts and Commodore | IFF | .iff, .ilbm, .lbm | image/x-ilbm | Planar graphics format designed for Amiga graphics hardware. | Yes |
| JBIG | Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group | .jbig, .bie, .jbg | |||||
| JBIG2 | Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group | ||||||
| JNG | JPEG Network Graphics | .jng | image/x-jng | Yes | |||
| JPEG | Joint Photographic Experts Group | Joint Photographic Experts Group | .jpg, .jpeg, .jpe (containers: .jif, .jfif, .jfi) |
image/jpeg | General purpose | Yes | |
| JPEG 2000 | Joint Photographic Experts Group 2000 | Joint Photographic Experts Group | .jp2, .j2c, .jpc, .j2k, .jpx |
image/jp2 | General purpose | royalty-free | |
| JPEG-LS | Joint Photographic Experts Group | .jls | |||||
| JPEG-HDR | Dolby Laboratories/BrightSide Technologies | JPEG | General purpose | ||||
| JPEG XL | Joint Photographic Experts Group | PIK, FUIF (FLIF) | .jxl | image/jxl | General-purpose, lossless JPEG transcoding. | Yes | |
| JPEG XT | Joint Photographic Experts Group | General purpose | |||||
| JPEG XR / HD Photo | JPEG XR / HD Photo | Microsoft | .wdp, .hdp, .jxr | image/vnd.ms-photo | General purpose | royalty-free | |
| KDC | Kodak DC40/DC50 RAW | Kodak | TIFF | .kdc | |||
| K25 | Kodak DC25 RAW | Kodak | TIFF | .k25 | |||
| Logluv TIFF | Greg Ward | TIFF | Supported by LibTIFF | ||||
| MNG | Multiple-image Network Graphics | PNG | .mng | video/x-mng | Yes | ||
| NEF | Nikon RAW | Nikon | TIFF | .nef | |||
| MIFF | Magick image file format | ImageMagick Studio | .miff | ImageMagick | |||
| MRW | Minolta RAW | Minolta | .mrw | ||||
| ORF | Olympus RAW | Olympus | TIFF | .orf | |||
| PAM | portable arbitrary map file format | .pam | image/x-portable-arbitrarymap | Yes | |||
| PBM | Portable Bitmap File Format | ASCII | .pbm | image/x-portable-bitmap | Yes | ||
| PCX | ZSoft PC Paintbrush File | ZSoft Corporation | .pcx, .pcc, .dcx | image/x-pcx | Dated rle packed indexed image format, used in some early 3d shooting games like Unreal Tournament as it takes up very little space and is easy to decode. | ? | |
| Portable Document Format | Adobe Systems | .pdf, .epdf | application/pdf | ||||
| PEF | PENTAX RAW | PENTAX | TIFF | .pef | |||
| PGF | Progressive Graphics File | xeraina GmbH | .pgf | Photographic images, eventual replacement for JPEG. | Yes | ||
| PGM | Portable Graymap File Format | ASCII | .pgm | image/x-portable-graymap | Yes | ||
| PGML | Precision Graphics Markup Language | Adobe Systems, IBM, Netscape, Sun Microsystems |
Yes | ||||
| PICT | Macintosh PICT Format | Apple Inc. | .pict, .pic, .pct, .pct1, .pct2 |
image/pict | Metafile for Classic Mac OS, not meant for print publishing. | Likely expired | |
| PICtor | John Bridges, Doug Wolfgram | .pic | Supported by PCPaint | ||||
| PNG | Portable Network Graphics | World Wide Web Consortium | .png | image/png | General purpose | Yes | |
| PNM | Portable Anymap File Format | ASCII | .pnm | image/x-portable-anymap | Yes | ||
| PostScript | page description/scripting language, levels 1–3 | Adobe | .ps, .ps2, .ps3 | printing/publishing industry standard format | |||
| PPM | Portable Pixmap File Format | ASCII | .ppm | image/x-portable-pixmap | Very easy to understand. Programs to analyze and write to this format are easily written. | Yes | |
| PSD | Photoshop Document | Adobe Systems | .psd, .psb, .pdb, .pdd |
image/vnd.adobe.photoshop[6] | Used mainly for storing image manipulation & editing data. | No | |
| PSP | Paint Shop Pro Document | Corel Corporation | .psp, .tub, .pspimage |
image/x-psp | Paint Shop Pro | ? | |
| QOI | Quite OK Image Format | Dominic Szablewski | .qoi | Yes | |||
| RAD | Gregory Ward Larson | .rad | Radiance | ||||
| RAF | Fujifilm RAW | Fujifilm | .raf | ||||
| RGBE | Gregory Ward Larson | .hdr | image/vnd.radiance | Radiance, most HDR imaging software | |||
| SGI | Silicon Graphics Image | .sgi, .rgb, .rgba, .bw, .int, .inta, .icon |
|||||
| SRF | Sony RAW File | Sony | TIFF | .srf, .sr2 | |||
| SVG | Scalable Vector Graphics | World Wide Web Consortium | XML | .svg, .svgz (compressed) |
image/svg+xml | Vector graphics | Yes |
| SWF | Shockwave Flash | Adobe Systems | .swf | application/x-shockwave-flash | Adobe Flash Player | ||
| TGA | Truevision Targa | Truevision Inc. | .tga, .tpic | image/tga | Texture format used by many 3d application. | Yes | |
| TIFF | Tag Image File Format | Adobe Systems | .tiff, .tif | image/tiff | Document scanning and imaging format, also functions as a container. | Yes | |
| TIFF/EP | Tag Image File Format / Electronic Photography | International Organization for Standardization | TIFF | .tiff, .tif | |||
| UFO | Ulead File for Objects | .ufo | |||||
| VML | Vector Markup Language | Microsoft | XML | .htm, .html | application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.vmlDrawing | Internet Explorer, Microsoft Office | Yes |
| WBMP | Wireless Application Protocol Bitmap Format | Open Mobile Alliance (formerly WAP Forum) | .wbmp, .wbm, .wbp | image/vnd.wap.wbmp | Used in WAP-pages | Yes | |
| WebP | WebP image format | .webp | image/webp | General purpose | royalty-free | ||
| WMF | Windows Metafile Format | Microsoft | .wmf, .wmz | ||||
| XAR | Xar | Xara | Xar (graphics) | .xar | application/vnd.xara | Xara Photo & Graphic Designer | Yes |
| XBM | X BitMap, colour variant of original black-and-white bitmap (bmp) format | .xbm, .bm, .icon, .bitmap |
image/x-xbitmap | Used by many legacy Unix applications. | |||
| XCF | XCF, name derived from eXperimental Computing Facility | The GIMP Team | .xcf, .xcfbz2 (compressed), .xcfgz (compressed) |
application/x-gimp-image | GIMP | ||
| XPM | X-Pixmap | .xpm, .pm | image/x-xpm | Legacy Unix applications | |||
| X3F | SIGMA RAW | SIGMA | .x3f | ||||
| Format | Full name | Owner | based Format | File extension | MIME type | Application | Patent- free |
| Format | Compression algorithm |
Raster/ vector |
Maximum Color depth |
Multi-page |
Layers |
Extendable
|
HDR format | CMYK | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AI | Lossy and lossless | Both | 8 bpc | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | N/a | No | |
| AVIF | Lossy and lossless (AV1) | Raster | 12 bpc | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| BMP | None, lossy (JPEG), and lossless (RLE, PNG) | Raster | 16 bpc | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No |
| BPG | Lossy and lossless (HEVC) | Raster | 14 bpc | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | N/a | Yes | N/a | N/a | |
| CD5 | Lossless (ACSC) | Both | 16 bpc | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partial | Yes | No | |
| CDR | Lossy and lossless | Both | 8 bpc | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | N/a | No | |
| CPC | Lossy (CPC) | Raster | 1 | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes, via embedded dictionary | No | |
| EPS | None and lossless (LZW, Deflate, RLE, DCT) | Both | Device specific | No | Yes | Yes | N/a | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| EXR | None and lossless (RLE, ZIP, Piz, PXR24, and B44, B44A, DWAA, DWAB) | Raster | 32 bpc | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| FLIF | Lossless (MANIAC entropy coding) | Raster | 16 bpc | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes, via chunks | Yes | |
| GIF | Lossless (LZW) | Raster | 255 colors | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes (GIF89a) | No | No |
| HD Photo / JPEG XR | Lossy and lossless (bi-orthogonal transform) | Raster | 32 bpc | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| ILBM | None and lossless (RLE) | Raster | 8 bpc | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes, Palette-shifting |
No | No | Yes | No | |
| JPEG | Lossy (DCT, RLE, and Huffman predictive nearest neighbor) | Raster | 8 bpc | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No (see unofficial JPEG-HDR) | Yes |
| JPEG 2000 | Lossy and lossless (DWT) | Raster | 38 bpc | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | N/a | No | Yes |
| JPEG XL | Lossy and lossless (VarDCT mode, Modular mode) | Raster | 32 bpc | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| KRA | None | Both | 32 bpc | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| ORA | Lossless | Both | 16 bpc | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| PAM | None | Raster | Up to 16 | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | |
| PCX | None and lossless (RLE) | Raster | 8 bpc | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | |
| PGF | Lossy and lossless (DWT) | Raster | 16 bpc | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | N/a | No | |
| PICT | None, lossy (Quicktime), and lossless (RLE) | Both | 8 bpc | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/a | No | No | No | N/a | No? | No | |
| PNG | Lossless (Deflate) | Raster | 16 bpc | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes (since the third edition)[7] | No | Yes | Yes, via chunks | Yes | No |
| PPM | None | Raster | 8 ppc | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | |
| PSD and PSB | None and lossless (RLE) | Both | 32 bpc | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/a | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No? | Yes | |
| PSP | None | Both | 16 bpc | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | N/a | No | Yes | N/a | N/a | No | |
| SVG | None and lossless (gzip) | Vector[a] | 8 bpc | No | Yes | Yes | N/a | Yes (1.2 draft)[8] | Yes (SMIL/SVG) | Yes | Yes[9] | Yes, XML based | N/a | |
| TGA | None, lossless (RLE), and other | Raster | 32 bpc | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | N/a | No | |
| TIFF | None, lossless (LZW, RLE, ZIP), and other | Both | 16 bpc | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes, via tags | Yes, TIFF float | Yes |
| WebP | Lossy and lossless | Raster | 8 bpc | No[10][11] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| XCF | None and lossless (gzip, bzip2 and xz) | Both | 32 bpc | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Format | Compression algorithm | Raster/ vector |
Maximum | Indexed color | Trans-parency | Meta- | Inter- | Multi-page | Anima-tion | Layers | Color manage-ment | Extend-
able |
HDR format | CMYK |
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
This is a comparison of image file formats (graphics file formats). This comparison primarily features file formats for 2D images.
In computer graphics and digital photography, a raster graphic, raster image, or simply raster is a digital image made up of a rectangular grid of tiny colored (usually square) so-called pixels. Unlike vector graphics which use mathematical formulas to describe shapes and lines, raster images store the exact color of each pixel, making them ideal for photographs and images with complex colors and details. Raster images are characterized by their dimensions (width and height in pixels) and color depth (the number of bits per pixel). They can be displayed on computer displays, printed on paper, or viewed on other media, and are stored in various image file formats. The printing and prepress industries know raster graphics as contones (from "continuous tones"). In contrast, line art is usually implemented as vector graphics in digital systems. Many raster manipulations map directly onto the mathematical formalisms of linear algebra, where mathematical objects of matrix structure are of central concern. Raster or gridded data may be the result of a gridding procedure.
Vector graphics are a form of computer graphics in which visual images are created directly from geometric shapes defined on a Cartesian plane, such as points, lines, curves and polygons. The associated mechanisms may include vector display and printing hardware, vector data models and file formats, as well as the software based on these data models (especially graphic design software, computer-aided design, and geographic information systems). Vector graphics are an alternative to raster or bitmap graphics, with each having advantages and disadvantages in specific situations. While vector hardware has largely disappeared in favor of raster-based monitors and printers, vector data and software continue to be widely used, especially when a high degree of geometric precision is required, and when complex information can be decomposed into simple geometric primitives. Thus, it is the preferred model for domains such as engineering, architecture, surveying, 3D rendering, and typography, but is entirely inappropriate for applications such as photography and remote sensing, where raster is more effective and efficient. Some application domains, such as geographic information systems (GIS) and graphic design, use both vector and raster graphics at times, depending on purpose. Vector graphics are based on the mathematics of analytic or coordinate geometry, and is not related to other mathematical uses of the term vector. This can lead to some confusion in disciplines in which both meanings are used.
The BMP file format, also known as bitmap image file, the Windows Bitmap file format, or simply bitmap, is a raster graphics image file format used to store bitmap digital images, independently of the display device (such as a graphics adapter). The underlying device-independent bitmap representation is commonly called a DIB: it consists of a DIB header, optional color information, and pixel data, describing the image independently of the display device; a BMP file wraps such a DIB in an additional 14-byte file header. It originated in the closely linked early development of Microsoft Windows and OS/2, whose bitmap formats were at first identical;; used by the GDI subsystem of both platforms, it is sometimes called the Windows and OS/2 bitmap file format and is usually named with the file extension .bmp or .dib. The BMP file format is capable of storing two-dimensional digital images in various color depths, and optionally with data compression, alpha channels, and color profiles. The format's simplicity, its familiarity on Windows, and its status as a relatively well-documented, open format have made it very widely supported, so that image-processing programs on many operating systems can read and write BMP files. The same bitmap structure is embedded in related Windows formats: ICO and CUR files, for example, contain images that begin with a BITMAPINFOHEADER. Because uncompressed BMP files hold a great deal of redundant data, they can often be reduced substantially by general-purpose lossless compression such as ZIP or RAR. The bitmap header structures were documented from the outset in Microsoft's general Windows and OS/2 programmer's references rather than in a specification dedicated to BMP alone; a formal specification of the same structures, using normative language, was only later folded into the Windows Metafile (WMF) specification, which Microsoft placed under its Open Specification Promise.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Joe Louis.