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Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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In August 1908, a white mob attacked Springfield, Illinois’s Black community, destroying homes and businesses and lynching two Black men. National outrage over the violence helped spur the movement that created the NAACP the following year.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
Hexyllithium
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| Other names
HxLi, NHL
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| Abbreviations | NHL HxLi n-HxLi nHxLi nHxLi |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.100.655 |
| EC Number |
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PubChem CID
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C6H13Li | |
| Molar mass | 92.11 g·mol−1 |
| Reacts with water | |
| Solubility in other solvents | Soluble in hydrocarbons, ether, and THF |
| Acidity (pKa) | approx. 40 |
| Hazards[1] | |
| GHS labelling: | |
 
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| Danger | |
| H250, H260, H314 [note 1] | |
| P210, P222, P223, P231+P232, P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P334, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P335+P334, P363, P370+P378, P402+P404, P405, P422, P501 | |
| Related compounds | |
Related organolithium compounds
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Methyllithium n-Butyllithium tert-Butyllithium Phenyllithium Neopentyllithium Propyllithium |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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n-Hexyllithium, C6H13Li, sometimes abbreviated to HxLi or NHL, is an organolithium compound used in organic synthesis as a strong base or as a lithiation reagent. It is usually encountered as a colorless or pale yellow solution in hexanes. Such solutions are highly sensitive to air and can ignite when treated with water.
In terms of chemical properties, hexyllithium and n-butyllithium (BuLi) are very similar. As a base, hexyllithium generates n-hexane as a byproduct rather than gaseous butane, which results from the use of BuLi. Another advantage for HxLi is that it is slightly less reactive.[2] Both of these aspects encourage industrial applications. It is commercially available as a solution in mixed hexanes, usually at a concentration of about 2 M for laboratory use or 33% for industrial use.
As for BuLi, the structure and formula for HxLi are often depicted as a monomer. Like all organolithium compounds, it exists as clusters in solution and as a solid.[3]
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
n-Hexyllithium, C6H13Li, sometimes abbreviated to HxLi or NHL, is an organolithium compound used in organic synthesis as a strong base or as a lithiation reagent. It is usually encountered as a colorless or pale yellow solution in hexanes. Such solutions are highly sensitive to air and can ignite when treated with water. In terms of chemical properties, hexyllithium and n-butyllithium (BuLi) are very similar. As a base, hexyllithium generates n-hexane as a byproduct rather than gaseous butane, which results from the use of BuLi. Another advantage for HxLi is that it is slightly less reactive. Both of these aspects encourage industrial applications. It is commercially available as a solution in mixed hexanes, usually at a concentration of about 2 M for laboratory use or 33% for industrial use. As for BuLi, the structure and formula for HxLi are often depicted as a monomer. Like all organolithium compounds, it exists as clusters in solution and as a solid.
n-Butyllithium C4H9Li (abbreviated n-BuLi) is an organolithium reagent. It is widely used as a polymerization initiator in the production of elastomers such as polybutadiene or styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS). Also, it is broadly employed as a strong base (superbase) in the synthesis of organic compounds, such as in the pharmaceutical industry. Butyllithium is commercially available as solutions (15%, 25%, 1.5 M, 2 M, 2.5 M, 10 M, etc.) in alkanes such as pentane, hexanes, and heptanes. Solutions in diethyl ether and THF can be prepared, but are not stable enough for storage. Annual worldwide production and consumption of butyllithium and other organolithium compounds is estimated at 2000 to 3000 tonnes. Although butyllithium is colorless, n-butyllithium is usually encountered as a pale yellow solution in alkanes. Such solutions are stable indefinitely if properly stored, but in practice, they degrade upon aging, where a fine white precipitate (lithium hydride) is deposited and the color changes to orange.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Shirley Chisholm, elected in 1968.
