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Mansa Musa was the ruler of the Mali Empire in West Africa. Details recorded here should be sourced; unknown information is left blank.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
Howitzers are one of two primary types of field artillery. Historically, howitzers fired a heavy shell in a high-trajectory from a relatively short barrel and their range was limited but they were slightly more mobile than similar size field guns. Since the end of World War II, howitzers have gained longer barrels and hence increased range to become gun-howitzers.
| Caliber (mm) | Weapon name | Country of origin | Usage |
|---|---|---|---|
| 53 | 5,3 cm L24 Kanone 1887 |  Switzerland
|
19th century |
| 75 | 7,5 cm L30 Kanone 1903
(Dailly-Aiguille, based on Krupp Model 03) |
Switzerland
|
early 20th century |
| 75 | 7,5 cm L30 Befestigungskanone 38. | Switzerland
|
World War II |
| 75 | 7,5 cm L30 Befestigungskanone 39. | Switzerland
|
World War II |
| 84 | 8,4 cm Kanone 1871/88 | Switzerland
|
19th century |
| 84 | 8,4 cm Krupp Kanone 1880
(Dailly, Airolo, Stuei) |
Switzerland
|
19th century |
| 105 | 10,5 cm L42 Festungkanone 1935, K+W Thun. | Switzerland
|
World War II |
| 105 | 10,5 cm L52 Turmkanone 1939 | Switzerland
|
World War II |
| 149.1 | 15 cm fästningshaubits m/06 |  Sweden
|
World War I |
| 150 | Krupp 1877 (Dailly) [2] | Switzerland
|
19th century |
| 150 | 15 cm L42 Bunkerkanone 1942/46, K+W Thun, | Switzerland
|
World War II |
| 150 | 15 cm L42 Turmkanone 1958, K+W Thun. | Switzerland
|
Cold war |
| 155 | Bison Fortress artillery 93 (15.5 cm L52) | Switzerland
|
Modern |
| 305 | 30,5 cm kusthaubits m/16 | Sweden
|
World War I |
| 406 | 16-inch howitzer M1920 |  United States
|
World War II |
| 420 | 42 cm Gamma-Gerät |  German Empire Nazi Germany
|
World War I
World War II |
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Howitzers are one of two primary types of field artillery. Historically, howitzers fired a heavy shell in a high-trajectory from a relatively short barrel and their range was limited but they were slightly more mobile than similar size field guns. Since the end of World War II, howitzers have gained longer barrels and hence increased range to become gun-howitzers.
The howitzer () is an artillery weapon that falls between a cannon (or field gun) and a mortar. It is capable of both low angle fire like a field gun and high angle fire like a mortar, given the distinction between low and high angle fire breaks at 45 degrees, also referred to as its equivalent 800 mils (milliradians). With their long-range capabilities, howitzers can be used to great effect in a battery formation with other artillery pieces, such as long-barreled guns, mortars, and rocket artillery. Howitzers were valued for their ability to fire explosive shells and incendiary materials into fortifications. Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, howitzers evolved to become more mobile and versatile. The introduction of rifling in the mid-19th century led to significant changes in howitzer design and usage. By the early 20th century, howitzers were classified into different categories based on their size and role, including field howitzers, siege howitzers, super-heavy siege howitzers, and defense howitzers. During World War I and World War II, howitzers played significant roles in combat, particularly in trench warfare and artillery-heavy strategies such as the Soviet deep battle doctrine. In modern times, the distinctions between guns and howitzers have become less pronounced, with many artillery pieces combining characteristics of both. Contemporary howitzers are often self-propelled, mounted on tracked or wheeled vehicles, and capable of firing at high angles with adjustable propellant charges for increased range and accuracy.
Mountain guns are artillery pieces designed for mountain warfare and other areas where wheeled transport is not possible. They are generally capable of being taken apart to make smaller loads for transport by horses, humans, mules, tractors, or trucks. As such, they are sometimes called "pack guns" or "pack howitzers". During the American Civil War these small portable guns were widely used and were called "mountain howitzers". The first designs of modern breechloading mountain guns with recoil control and the capacity to be easily broken down and reassembled into highly efficient units were made by Greek army engineers P. Lykoudis and Panagiotis Danglis (after whom the Schneider-Danglis gun was named) in the 1890s. Mountain guns are similar to infantry support guns. They are largely outdated, their role being filled by howitzers, mortars, multiple rocket launchers, recoilless rifles, and missiles. Most modern artillery is manufactured from light-weight materials and can be transported fully assembled by helicopters.
The G7 is a South African 105 mm howitzer, produced by Denel Land Systems (DLS). With a maximum range of 32 km (20 mi) it outranges all existing 105 mm howitzers, as well as most current 155 mm howitzers (Denel's own 155 not included). During development, it was known as the Light Experimental Ordnance (LEO), with the G7 label being chosen later to fit in with Denel's two existing howitzer products, the G5 towed 155 mm howitzer and the G6 self-propelled 155 mm howitzer.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
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