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THE BHP WIRE —
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Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
Katherine Johnson’s mathematical calculations helped guide some of America’s most important early space missions while she confronted the racial and gender barriers faced by Black women in twentieth-century America.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
| Hypericum calycinum | |
|---|---|
| |
| Bauer's Illustration from Sibthorp's Flora Graeca | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Hypericaceae |
| Genus: | Hypericum |
| Section: | H. sect. Ascyreia |
| Species: | H. calycinum
|
| Binomial name | |
| Hypericum calycinum | |
Hypericum calycinum is a species of prostrate or low-growing shrub in the flowering plant family Hypericaceae. It is native to the Strandzha Mountains along the Bulgarian and Turkish Black Sea coast. Widely cultivated for its large yellow flowers, its names as a garden plant include rose-of-Sharon in Britain[3] and Australia, and Aaron's beard, great St-John's wort, creeping St. John's wort[4] and Jerusalem star.
Hypericum calycinum is a low, creeping, evergreen woody shrub (classified as a subshrub or shrublet[4]) to about 1 m (3 ft 3 in) tall and 1–2 m (3 ft 3 in – 6 ft 7 in) wide but often smaller. The green, ovate leaves grow in opposite pairs. Usually 4 inches (10 cm) long, the undersides of the leaves are net-veined. In the sun, the leaves are a vibrant green color, and in shade, the leaves are a lighter yellow-green.[4] The underside of the leaves is a blue-green color and in the fall, the leaves take on a purple color.[5]
The flowers are 3–5 cm (1.2–2.0 in) in diameter, a rich yellow, with five petals and numerous yellow stamens. Its flowers can be described as "rose-like" and tend to be single or in units of two or three,[4] flowering in June to September.[6]
Hypericum calycinum is indigenous to southeast Europe and southwest Asia. It is a popular, semi-evergreen garden shrub with many named cultivars and hybrids derived from it.
Although the genus is generally not affected by rust fungi, it can appear on H. calycinum (and another cultivated plant, Hypericum × inodorum 'Elstead').[7]
Various species of the genus Hypericum have been used since ancient times as herbal remedies.[8] This species has been used traditionally to reduce muscle spasms and for the treatment of asthma.[9]
Hypericum calycinum is an economically valuable plant in North America, commonly used for ornamental reasons and landscaping.[10]
Under ideal growing conditions, from full sun to partial shade and well-drained acidic soil, this species can grow rapidly.[5] Although resilient in many soil types, this species grows best in sandy or loamy soils. This shrub grows through underground stems and is typically grown as ground cover or to stabilize soil on hills and requires low maintenance. It does have the potential to become invasive, as reported in some areas of California,[4] due to its ability to grow rapidly by stolons. While generally easy to take care of, this species is suggested to be cut down each spring.[7]
According to the USDA, this species is used as nursery stock product.[11]
It is visited by the honeybees for its pollen.[12]
In North America the name Rose of Sharon is applied to a species in a different order, Hibiscus syriacus.
The common name of St. John's wort, which is used to describe plants of the entire genus,[9] arose from the old tradition of Hypericum plants being burned on the eve of St. John's Day, to stave off evil spirits. The species name, calycinum, comes from the flower's prominent calyx, the whorl of the sepals.[4]
This species is capable of producing the same medicinally active components as H. perforatum (hyperforin etc.), though in different ratios, with adhyperforin predominating, and a low level of hyperforin present.[13]
Research has shown that the UV pigments of the Hypericum calycinum flower stave off predators such as mites and aphids. One type of DIP (dearomatized isoprenylated phloroglucinols), a category of pigments alongside flavonoids, was found to be toxic to a caterpillar as well. A large quantity of DIPs were found in the male and female reproductive organs, which furthers emphasizes the use of DIPs as a defense mechanism. These pigments also serve a dual function to attract pollinators, as they are visible to insects and not humans.[14]
Recent research on mice has shown that the alcoholic extracts from Hypericum calycinum have antidepressant effects and are comparably as effective as antidepressant drugs, such as desipramine and trimipramine. Unlike the rest of the genus, H. calycinum does not have hypericin, which causes photosensitization, which causes the side effects of flush, fatigue, and pruritus when used in drugs. These extracts have the potential to be a remedy for depression without these side effects common in current antidepressants. However, more research is required.[8]
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Hypericaceae is a plant family in the order Malpighiales, comprising six to nine genera and up to 700 species, and commonly known as the St. John's wort family. Members are found throughout the world apart from extremely cold or dry habitats. Hypericum and Triadenum occur in temperate regions but other genera are mostly tropical.
Hypericum perforatum, commonly known as St. John's wort (sometimes perforate St. John's wort or common St. John's wort), is a flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae. It is a hairless, perennial herb with woody roots, yellow flowers marked by black glands, and leaves that appear perforated due to translucent glands, producing thousands of seeds per plant. H. perforatum is the type species of its genus, known for its historical use in folklore and traditional medicine. Probably a hybrid between the closely related H. attenuatum and H. maculatum (imperforate St. John's wort) that originated in Siberia, the species has spread worldwide. It can further hybridize with related species due to its allopolyploid nature. It is native to much of Europe, West and Central Asia, and parts of Africa and China and has been widely introduced elsewhere, thriving in well-drained, temperate habitats such as meadows, hillsides, and open woods with moderate rainfall and mild temperatures. It is a resilient, toxic, and invasive plant that reproduces sexually and vegetatively, supports specialized insect herbivores, suffers from plant diseases, and poses ecological and agricultural threats in many parts of the world. H. perforatum has been used for centuries in traditional medicine, especially for treating wounds and depression. To prepare it for use, the oil from its glands can be extracted or its above-ground parts can be dried and ground into a powder called herba hyperici. H. perforatum exhibits antidepressant effects comparable to drugs with fewer side effects for mild to moderate depression (for which it is approved in the European Union); however, it may interact with various medications by accelerating their metabolism.
Hypericum calycinum is a species of prostrate or low-growing shrub in the flowering plant family Hypericaceae. It is native to the Strandzha Mountains along the Bulgarian and Turkish Black Sea coast. Widely cultivated for its large yellow flowers, its names as a garden plant include rose-of-Sharon in Britain and Australia, and Aaron's beard, great St-John's wort, creeping St. John's wort and Jerusalem star.
The Clusiaceae or Guttiferae Juss. (1789) (nom. alt. et cons. = alternative and valid name) are a family of plants including 18 genera and ca 750 species. Several former members of Clusiaceae are now placed in Calophyllaceae and Hypericaceae. They are mostly trees and shrubs, with milky sap and fruits or capsules for seeds. The family is primarily tropical. More so than many plant families, it shows large variation in plant morphology (for example, three to 10 petals, which may be fused or unfused, and many other variable traits). According to the APG III, this family belongs to the order Malpighiales. One feature sometimes found in this family, and rarely in others (e.g., Malpighiaceae), is providing pollinators with "pollination rewards" other than pollen or nectar; specifically, some species offer resin, which certain bees use in nest construction (each Clusiaceae species offers only one type of reward).
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →The Greenwood District.
