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Mansa Musa was the ruler of the Mali Empire in West Africa. Details recorded here should be sourced; unknown information is left blank.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
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The ISODE software (pronounced eye-soo-dee-eee), more formally the ISO Development Environment, was an implementation of the OSI upper layer protocols, from transport layer to application layer, which was used in the Internet research community to experiment with implementation and deployment of OSI during the late 1980s and early 1990s.
The ISODE software was initially a public domain / open source implementation, led by Marshall Rose. Following version 6.0, Marshall handed the lead over to Colin Robbins and Julian Onions, who coordinated the 7.0 and 8.0 releases. Version 8.0 was the final public domain release, made on June 19, 1992. The Open Source version is still available,[1] even if only for historic interest. The software was ported to a wide set of Unix and Linux variants.[2]
The ISODE stack[3] was an implementation of layers 3 to 6 of the OSI model. While the ISODE implementation could be configured to use one of several X.25 (CONS) or connectionless lower layer protocols, many ISODE deployments were based on RFC1006,[4] the implementation of OSI transport protocol TP0 as a layer atop TCP, in order to use IP-based networks which were becoming increasingly common. The stack also implemented an ASN.1 compiler.
The ISODE Stack was the basis for a number of OSI applications.
ISODE formed the basis an implementation for the X.400 email protocol, called PP.[5][Footnote 1] PP included a fully operational SMTP/MIME email server and an X.400/SMTP Mixer[6] gateway. PP also implemented a P7 Messagestore (PPMS).
PP was designed by Steve Kille and the lead engineer was Julian Onions.
ISODE had a full X.500 and LDAP directory called QUIPU[7] (incorrectly pronounced kwip-ooo by the project). Quipu implemented a DSA and a Directory User Agent (DUA) called DISH. X.500 was considered too heavyweight to access directories, Colin Robbins implemented a proprietary protocol to solve the problem, this was then significantly re-worked by Tim Howes for DIXIE which led to the development of the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol.
QUIPU was designed by Kille and the lead engineer was Robbins, largely funded by the INCA project,[8] and used extensively in the Paradise academic X.500 directory pilot.
ISODE contained and implementation of FTAM, and implemented an FTAM-FTP[9] gateway.
ISODE contained a virtual terminal (VT)[10] implementation and a VT-Telnet gateway.
ISODE has a full implementation of a PKI Certificate Authority built on top of it by the OSISEC[11][12] project. OSISEC was developed by Mike Roe & Peter Williams and integrated into ISODE by Robbins.
ISODE has a full implementation of a CMIP/TMN built on top of it by the OSIMIS[13] project.
The following people or groups were listed in the ISODE 8.0 manual[14] as the significant contributors
Several companies used the ISODE software to build successful commercial products and services including (alphabetical order):
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The ISODE software (pronounced eye-soo-dee-eee), more formally the ISO Development Environment, was an implementation of the OSI upper layer protocols, from transport layer to application layer, which was used in the Internet research community to experiment with implementation and deployment of OSI during the late 1980s and early 1990s. The ISODE software was initially a public domain / open source implementation, led by Marshall Rose. Following version 6.0, Marshall handed the lead over to Colin Robbins and Julian Onions, who coordinated the 7.0 and 8.0 releases. Version 8.0 was the final public domain release, made on June 19, 1992. The Open Source version is still available, even if only for historic interest. The software was ported to a wide set of Unix and Linux variants.
Marshall Toufic Rose (born 1961) is an American network protocol and software engineer, author, and speaker who has contributed to the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), the Internet, and Internet and network applications. More specifically, he has specialized in network management, distributed systems management, applications management, email, the ISO Development Environment (ISODE), and service-oriented architecture (SOA). Rose holds a Ph.D. in Information and Computer Science from the University of California, Irvine and is former area director for network management of the IETF. Rose is presently Principal Engineer at Brave (web browser).
Isode or ISODE may mean: ISO Development Environment (ISODE), an implementation of the OSI upper layer protocols which was widely used in the Internet research community during the late 1980s and early 1990s. isode or iso'de is the name of the communal dwellings of the Piaroa, an indigenous American ethnic group living along the banks of the Orinoco River in Venezuela.
Steve Kille is an English software engineer. He has worked on Internet technologies since 1980, and was one of the principal engineers behind the ISO Development Environment (ISODE) open-source implementation of the OSI protocol stack. He was born in London, had his Master's in physics from Oxford University, and a master's in electrical engineering from Manchester University and Stanford University (the latter being attended on a Fulbright scholarship). From 1981 to 1992, he was a researcher at University College London, focusing on research into network-based applications. He founded Isode Limited in 1992, focusing on high end messaging and directory products, initially employing the ISODE codebase. In 1999, he managed the merger of ISODE to form MessagingDirect, and subsequently spent two years in California. In 2001, MessagingDirect was acquired by ACI Worldwide, and Steve re-launched Isode in 2002, again focusing on X.400 and directory products. Steve is the author of at least 32 IETF RFCs, has published one book, "Implementing X.400 and X.500: the PP and QUIPU Systems" (ISBN 9780890065648), and has contributed to several others.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Mae Jemison, aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992.