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Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
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In August 1908, a white mob attacked Springfield, Illinois’s Black community, destroying homes and businesses and lynching two Black men. National outrage over the violence helped spur the movement that created the NAACP the following year.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
There has been demand for imagery of nude celebrities for many decades. It is a lucrative business exploited by websites and magazines.[1]
Types include authorized images, such as film screenshots, copies from previously published images, such as shots from magazines or stills or clips from movies, to unauthorised images such as celebrity sex tapes and paparazzi photos capturing unintentional or private scenes, and faked or doctored images.[2][3]
There has been a commercial demand for images of nude celebrities for many decades.[2][4] Playboy magazine was known for offering celebrities large amounts of money to appear nude in its magazine, and more downmarket pornographic magazines search far and wide for nude pictures of celebrities taken unaware – for example, when they are bathing topless or nude at what the subject thought was a secluded beach, or taken before the individual was well known. Paparazzi-produced photos are in high demand among sensational magazines and press.[5][6]
In some countries, privacy law and personality rights can lead to civil action against organizations that publish photos of nude celebrities without a model release, and this restricts the availability of such photos through the print media. On the internet, the difficulty of identifying offenders and applying court sanction makes circulation of such photographs much less risky.[7] Such photographs circulate through online photo distribution channels such as usenet and internet forums, and commercial operators, often in countries beyond the reach of courts, also offer such photos for commercial gain. Copyright restrictions are often ignored.
In some cases, when the depicted person is young and the photo is an actual photo, nude media of celebrities may fall under the purview of child pornography laws, a legal regime with harsh penalties for distribution.[8] When such photos are faked or doctored, the media is classified as simulated child pornography.
There has likely been interest in nude images of celebrities for as long as artistic nude imagery and pornography have existed. One of the more famous examples is Playboy's inaugural December 1953 issue, which featured photos of Marilyn Monroe from a 1949 photo session as its first Playmate of the Month.[9][10] The commercialization, promotion, and organized supply of nude celebrity images can be traced to another men's magazine, High Society, and the efforts of its first female Editor, Gloria Leonard. This began as a feature that showcased risqué photos of celebrities like Jodie Foster and Goldie Hawn, usually lifted from film stills,[11] and in 1986 became a spin-off venture of High Society called Celebrity Skin magazine. Over its 25-year run, Margot Kidder, Ann-Margret and Barbra Streisand tried unsuccessfully to sue the magazine for publishing nude photos of them.[12] Yet another magazine, Penthouse, earned notoriety for its publication of nude photographs of models who at the time were not celebrities, some of whom later attained fame. Penthouse published nude photos in its September 1984 issue of a young adult film actress, Traci Lords (later found to be underage at the time),[13] and Vanessa Williams, then-Miss America; the ensuing scandal caused Williams to be stripped of her crown.[14]
 | This section needs more citations. (June 2022) |
Nude celebrity media falls into six main categories:
| Nakedness and clothing | |
|---|---|
| Nudity and sexuality | |
| Issues in social nudity | |
| Naturism | |
| Nude recreation | |
| By location | |
| Social nudity advocates | |
| Depictions of nudity | |
| Related | |
| Classification |
| ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Industry |
| ||||||||
| Opposition |
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| Miscellaneous | |||||||||
| Related | |||||||||
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
An Internet forum, or message board, is an online discussion site where people can hold conversations in the form of posted messages. They are an element of social media technologies which take on many different forms including blogs, business networks, enterprise social networks, forums, microblogs, photo sharing, products/services review, social bookmarking, social gaming, social networks, video sharing, and virtual worlds. Forums act as centralized locations for topical discussion. The Forum format is derived from BBS and Usenet. This is a list of the most notable and significant Internet forums communities that have converged around topics ranging from medicine to technology, and vocations and hobbies.
The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a network of networks that comprises private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information services and resources, such as the interlinked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, discussion groups, internet telephony, streaming media and file sharing. Most traditional communication media, including telephone, radio, television, paper mail, newspapers, and print publishing, have been transformed by the Internet, giving rise to new media such as email, online music, digital newspapers, news aggregators, and audio and video streaming websites. The Internet has enabled and accelerated new forms of personal interaction through instant messaging, Internet forums, and social networking services. Online shopping has also grown to occupy a significant market across industries, enabling firms to extend brick and mortar presences to serve larger markets. Business-to-business and financial services on the Internet affect supply chains across entire industries. The origins of the Internet date back to research that enabled the time-sharing of computer resources, the development of packet switching, and the design of computer networks for data communication. The set of communication protocols to enable internetworking on the Internet arose from research and development commissioned in the 1970s by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) of the United States Department of Defense in collaboration with universities and researchers across the United States, the United Kingdom and France. The Internet has no single centralized governance in either technological implementation or policies for access and usage. Each constituent network sets its own policies. The overarching definitions of the two principal name spaces on the Internet, the Internet Protocol address (IP address) space and the Domain Name System (DNS), are directed by a maintainer organization, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). The technical underpinning and standardization of the core protocols is an activity of the non-profit Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
Looksmaxxing (; LUUKS-MAK-sing) is an online self-improvement practice in the manosphere that focuses on maximizing male physical attractiveness. The term is a neologism which was coined on incel message boards in the 2010s. Previously, the phrase had limited usage on obscure internet forums of the incelosphere, but was popularized on TikTok by primarily male content creators in the 2020s. While also based on white supremacy, the term has commonly been associated with the black pill ideology, which espouses that female sexual selection is primarily based on external physical qualities such as height and facial attractiveness, while qualities such as kindness and personality are ignored or even cause rejection. Looksmaxxing methods range from benign practices such as skincare routines and gym use, to more extreme interventions such as invasive cosmetic surgery and injection of anabolic steroids, human growth hormone and other peptides. Commentators generally criticize the concept as being judgemental and harmful to its practitioners ("looksmaxxers"). Communities and influencers associated with the practice are described as rating individual's appearance without concern for their overall well-being which can lead to negative mental health outcomes such as body dysmorphia and suicidal ideation. The increasing popularity of the concept has also led to concerns over its potential to promote hegemonic masculinity. Although looksmaxxers use scientific and medical terminology, the practice is based heavily on anecdotal evidence unsupported by mainstream medicine, and certain aspects—particularly the PSL scale used by practitioners to rate their appearance—are considered pseudoscientific.
There has been demand for imagery of nude celebrities for many decades. It is a lucrative business exploited by websites and magazines. Types include authorized images, such as film screenshots, copies from previously published images, such as shots from magazines or stills or clips from movies, to unauthorised images such as celebrity sex tapes and paparazzi photos capturing unintentional or private scenes, and faked or doctored images. There has been a commercial demand for images of nude celebrities for many decades. Playboy magazine was known for offering celebrities large amounts of money to appear nude in its magazine, and more downmarket pornographic magazines search far and wide for nude pictures of celebrities taken unaware – for example, when they are bathing topless or nude at what the subject thought was a secluded beach, or taken before the individual was well known. Paparazzi-produced photos are in high demand among sensational magazines and press. In some countries, privacy law and personality rights can lead to civil action against organizations that publish photos of nude celebrities without a model release, and this restricts the availability of such photos through the print media. On the internet, the difficulty of identifying offenders and applying court sanction makes circulation of such photographs much less risky. Such photographs circulate through online photo distribution channels such as usenet and internet forums, and commercial operators, often in countries beyond the reach of courts, also offer such photos for commercial gain. Copyright restrictions are often ignored. In some cases, when the depicted person is young and the photo is an actual photo, nude media of celebrities may fall under the purview of child pornography laws, a legal regime with harsh penalties for distribution. When such photos are faked or doctored, the media is classified as simulated child pornography.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Madam C.J. Walker
