Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
Mansa Musa was the ruler of the Mali Empire in West Africa. Details recorded here should be sourced; unknown information is left blank.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
James William Ross (born January 3, 1952) is an American professional wrestling commentator, sports announcer, and podcaster. He is signed with All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where he serves as a commentator as well as an analyst and senior advisor. Ross is best known for a long and distinguished career as a play-by-play commentator for WWE. Known affectionately by WWE fans as "Good Ol' JR", Ross has been labeled as the greatest wrestling commentator of all time. Ross, while in WWE, was occasionally involved in storylines and also participated in nine wrestling matches from 1999 to 2011. After years of working various jobs in the professional wrestling industry, Ross became the primary play-by-play announcer for Mid-South Wrestling in the early 1980s. He went on to do commentary for the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA)'s World Championship Wrestling territory, before jumping to the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE), making his first appearance for the promotion at WrestleMania IX in 1993. During his tenure with WWF/WWE, Ross was widely regarded as the voice of the company, particularly during the Attitude Era of the late 1990s and early 2000s. He was also the lead English-language announcer for New Japan Pro-Wrestling on AXS TV from 2015 to 2018 and has occasionally done play-by-play for boxing and mixed martial arts fights. He has been inducted into the WWE, NWA and Wrestling Observer Newsletter halls of fame, and has been honored by the George Tragos/Lou Thesz Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame twice. Outside of wrestling, Ross is known for his barbecue sauce and beef jerky brand, J.R.'s Family BBQ. He also hosts his own weekly podcast, Grilling JR.
James Ross Lightfoot (born September 27, 1938) is an American businessman-broadcaster who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Iowa. He was the Republican nominee for the United States Senate in 1996 and for Governor of Iowa in 1998.
Jerry O'Neil Lawler (born November 29, 1949), better known as Jerry "the King" Lawler, is an American color commentator and professional wrestler signed to WWE under a Legends contract. Lawler began his career in his hometown of Memphis, Tennessee, in the 1970s, becoming the top star in the regional Continental Wrestling Association (CWA) promotion. In CWA, he held the AWA Southern Heavyweight Championship 57 times and the CWA World Heavyweight Championship once. During this time, he gained national recognition for his feud with comedian Andy Kaufman, which included an appearance on Late Night with David Letterman in 1982. Beyond his duties as an active wrestler, Lawler also worked as a booker in CWA and later in its successor promotion, United States Wrestling Association (USWA). He went on to perform for numerous other territories, winning dozens of championships. He is a one-time AWA World Heavyweight Champion and a three-time WCWA World Heavyweight Champion; he unified the titles by defeating Kerry Von Erich at SuperClash III in 1988, forming the USWA Unified World Heavyweight Championship, which he held 28 times. In 1992, Lawler joined the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE), where he performed as a color commentator and occasional wrestler. Debuting as a commentator on Superstars, Lawler became a regular color commentator on Raw in the mid-1990s, forming long-running partnerships with Jim Ross and later Michael Cole. Although never a champion in the promotion, he had high-profile feuds with Bret Hart and challenged The Miz for the WWE Championship in 2011 at the age of 61. He last served on a regular commentary team in 2020, after which he reduced his appearances while remaining affiliated with the company in a limited capacity. Throughout his time in WWE, he also performed on the independent circuit, last wrestling in 2023. Lawler is a member of the Memphis Wrestling, Professional Wrestling, Wrestling Observer Newsletter, and WWE Halls of Fame. Outside of wrestling, he is known for his work in music, as a commercial artist, and for running for mayor of Memphis in 1999. He is also known for portraying himself in the 1999 Jim Carrey film about Kaufman, Man on the Moon.
The 1998 Iowa gubernatorial election took place on November 3, 1998. Incumbent Republican Governor Terry Branstad did not seek re-election to a fifth consecutive term; he later successfully ran again in 2010 and 2014. To replace him, State Senator Tom Vilsack narrowly won the nomination of the Democratic Party while former United States Congressman Jim Ross Lightfoot, who was previously the Republican nominee for the United States Senate in 1996, won his party's nomination. Lightfoot was the odds-on favorite to win and polling consistently showed him in the lead, but Vilsack won the general election in a stunning upset, becoming the first Democrat to serve as governor of Iowa since 1969 and the 5th Democrat to hold the office in the 20th century. Lightfoot never conceded defeat.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.