Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
q2K BHP
Black History Portal
THE BHP WIRE —
HIDDEN TRUTHS
What's New!
Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
Wilmington, North Carolina once had a thriving Black middle class and an elected interracial government. In 1898 white supremacists used violence to overthrow that government, kill Black residents and drive many others from the city.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
 | You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian. (December 2020) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
| Discipline | Historical linguistics |
|---|---|
| Language | English, Russian, French, and German |
| Publication details | |
| History | 2009–present |
| Publisher | Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH) Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences Gorgias Press (Russia and the United States) |
| Frequency | Quarterly |
| Standard abbreviations | |
| ISO 4 | J. Lang. Relatsh. |
| Indexing | |
| ISSN | 2219-3820 (print) 2219-4029 (web) |
| Links | |
The Journal of Language Relationship (abbreviated JLR; Russian: Вопросы языкового родства) is a quarterly academic journal published in Russia and the United States. It focuses on historical linguistics, with many articles relating to long-range comparative linguistics.
In 2008, Kirill Babaev founded the journal in Moscow.[1] The journal is currently published by the Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH) and the Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow, and by Gorgias Press in the United States. The journal is open access.[2]
Editors (past and current) include Vladimir Dybo (editor-in-chief, 2009–2023), George Starostin (editor-in-chief, 2024–present), Anna Dybo, Ilya Yakubovich, Kirill Babaev, and others.[3] The advisory board includes (as of 2020) Heiner Eichner (chairman), William H. Baxter, Alexander Militarev, Valentin Vydrin, Václav Blažek, Murray Gell-Mann, Larry Hyman, Frederik Kortlandt, and James P. Mallory.[4]
Long-range comparative linguistics | |
|---|---|
| Concepts | |
| Language families | |
| Linguists |
|
| Journals | |
| Books | |
| Institutions and schools | |
  | This article about a linguistics journal is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information. See tips for writing articles about academic journals. Further suggestions might be found on the article's talk page. |
 | This article about historical linguistics is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information. |
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
The Journal of Language Relationship (abbreviated JLR; Russian: Вопросы языкового родства) is a quarterly academic journal published in Russia and the United States. It focuses on historical linguistics, with many articles relating to long-range comparative linguistics.
A language family is a group of languages related through descent from a common ancestor, called the proto-language of that family. The term family is a metaphor borrowed from biology, with the tree model used in historical linguistics analogous to a family tree, or to phylogenetic trees of taxa used in evolutionary taxonomy. Linguists thus describe the daughter languages within a language family as being genetically related. The divergence of a proto-language into daughter languages typically occurs through geographical separation, with different regional dialects of the proto-language undergoing different language changes and thus becoming distinct languages over time. One well-known example of a language family is the Romance languages, including Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Catalan, Romansh, and many others, all of which are descended from Vulgar Latin. The Romance family itself is part of the larger Indo-European family, which includes many other languages native to Europe and South Asia, all believed to be descended from a common ancestor known as Proto-Indo-European. The Indo-European family is the largest language family in terms of number of living speakers, and the best-studied. A language family is usually said to contain at least two languages, although language isolates — languages that are not related to any other language — are occasionally referred to as families that contain one language. Conversely, there is no upper bound to the number of languages a family can contain. Some families, such as the Austronesian languages, contain over 1,000. Language families can be identified from characteristics shared amongst their languages. Sound changes are one of the strongest pieces of evidence that can be used to identify a genetic relationship because of their predictable and consistent nature, and through the comparative method can be used to reconstruct proto-languages. However, languages can also change through language contact, which can falsely suggest genetic relationships. For example, the Mongolic, Tungusic, and Turkic languages share many similarities that have led several scholars to believe they were related. These supposed relationships were later discovered (in the view of most scholars) to be derived through language contact and thus they are not related through shared ancestry. Eventually though, intense language contact with other language families, and inconsistent changes within the original language family, will obscure inherited characteristics and make it virtually impossible to deduce earlier relationships; even the oldest demonstrable language family, Afroasiatic, is far younger than language itself.
Venetic ( vin-ET-ik) is an extinct centum Indo-European language that was spoken by the Veneti people in ancient times in northeast Italy (Veneto and Friuli) and part of modern Slovenia, between the Po Delta and the southern fringe of the Alps, associated with the Este culture. Venetic is generally considered a distinct branch of the Indo-European family, although its exact relationship to languages such as Latin, Germanic, Celtic, and other Italic languages is debated. Its speakers are identified with the ancient people called Veneti by the Romans and Enetoi by the Greeks. It became extinct around the 1st century when the local inhabitants assimilated into the Roman sphere. Its wide distribution area led to the formation of several local varieties, such as Alpine Venetic, Este Venetic, and Padua Venetic. The language is attested by over 300 short inscriptions dating from the 6th to the 1st century BCE. The inscriptions use a variety of the Northern Italic alphabet, similar to the Etruscan alphabet, introduced between 550 and 450 BC. The Latin alphabet used by the Romans, on the other hand, began to appear alongside the Venetic alphabet around 100 BC. Inscriptions dedicating offerings to Reitia constitute one of the primary sources of knowledge of the Venetic language.
This article is a list of language families. This list only includes primary language families that are accepted by the current academic consensus in the field of linguistics; for language families that are not accepted by the current academic consensus in the field of linguistics, see the article "List of proposed language families".
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Mae Jemison, aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992.
