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The MOVE Fire

This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985 Philadelphia police fired thousands of rounds at the MOVE house, city officials approved dropping an explosive device on the roof, the resulting fire was allowed to burn, 11 people—including five children—died, and 61 homes were destroyed. Philadelphia City Council later called it a “brutal attack carried out by the City of Philadelphia on its own citizens” and acknowledged that no individual faced criminal consequences for the bombing. One timeline correction worth preserving for the BHP record: the major previous MOVE-police confrontation was August 8, 1978, about seven years before the bombing, not a year or two earlier. Officer James Ramp was killed, other police and firefighters were wounded, nine MOVE members were later convicted, and television cameras recorded police beating Delbert Africa during his arrest. The 1985 MOVE Commission later specifically criticized city planners for failing to adequately use lessons from that 1978 confrontation. And that actually strengthens the point you’re making: 1985 did not happen without precedent or institutional memory. There had already been a deadly confrontation with MOVE, years of conflict, negotiations and police involvement before Osage Avenue.

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Shirley Chisholm — Unbought and Unbossed

In 1968 Shirley Chisholm became the first Black woman elected to the United States Congress. In 1972 she launched a campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination, breaking another political barrier.

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Wikipedia

Major League Baseball Rookie of the Year Award

Rookie of the Year Award
A man swings a bat; he is wearing a dark cap with a "B" on it and a jersey with the word "Dodgers" on his chest.
Jackie Robinson, the inaugural winner in 1947 and eventual namesake of the award
SportBaseball
LeagueMajor League Baseball
Awarded forBest regular-season rookie in American League and National League
History
First award1947
Most recentDrake Baldwin (NL)
Nick Kurtz (AL)
WebsiteRookie of the Year

In Major League Baseball, the Rookie of the Year Award is given annually to two outstanding rookie players, one each for the American League (AL) and National League (NL), as voted on by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA). The award was established in 1940 by the Chicago chapter of the BBWAA, which selected an annual winner from 1940 through 1946.[1] The award became national in 1947; Jackie Robinson, the Brooklyn Dodgers' second baseman, won the inaugural award. One award was presented for all of MLB in 1947 and 1948; since 1949, the honor has been given to one player each in the NL and AL. Originally, the award was known as the J. Louis Comiskey Memorial Award, named after the Chicago White Sox owner of the 1930s. The award was renamed the Jackie Robinson Award in July 1987,[2] 40 years after Robinson broke the baseball color line.

Twenty-one players have been elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame—Robinson, seven AL players, and eleven others from the NL. The award has been shared twice: once by Butch Metzger and Pat Zachry of the NL in 1976; and once by John Castino and Alfredo Griffin of the AL in 1979. Members of the Brooklyn and Los Angeles Dodgers have won the most awards of any franchise (with 18). Fred Lynn and Ichiro Suzuki are the only two players who have been named Rookie of the Year and Most Valuable Player in the same year, and Fernando Valenzuela is the only player to have won Rookie of the Year and the Cy Young Award in the same year. Sam Jethroe is the oldest player to have won the award, at age 32,[3] 33 days older than 2000 winner Kazuhiro Sasaki (also 32).[4] Nick Kurtz of the Athletics and Drake Baldwin of the Atlanta Braves are the most recent winners.

Qualifications and voting

[edit]
A man stretches his arms behind his head while wearing a baseball glove and a white baseball uniform with green sleeves and cap.
Hideo Nomo won in 1995, the first of several players to win with past professional baseball experience in Nippon Professional Baseball.

From 1947 through 1956, each BBWAA voter used discretion as to who qualified as a rookie. In 1957, the term was first defined as someone with fewer than 75 at-bats or 45 innings pitched in any previous Major League season.[1] This guideline was later amended to 90 at-bats, 45 innings pitched, or 45 days on a Major League roster before September 1 of the previous year.[1] The current standard of 130 at-bats, 50 innings pitched, or 45 days on the active roster of a Major League club (excluding time in military service or on the injury list) before September 1 was adopted in 1971.[1][5]

Since 1980, each voter names three rookies: a first-place choice is given five points, a second-place choice three points, and a third-place choice one point. The award goes to the player who receives the most overall points.[1][6] Edinson Vólquez received three second-place votes in 2008 balloting despite no longer being a rookie under the award's definition.[7][8]

The award has drawn criticism in recent years because several players with experience in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) have won the award, such as Hideo Nomo in 1995, Kazuhiro Sasaki in 2000, Ichiro Suzuki in 2001, and Shohei Ohtani in 2018. The current definition of rookie status for the award is based only on Major League experience, but some feel that past NPB players are not true rookies because of their past professional experience. Others, however, believe it should make no difference since the first recipient and the award's namesake played for the Negro leagues before his MLB career and thus could also not be considered a "true rookie".[9][10] This issue arose in 2003 when Hideki Matsui narrowly lost the AL award to Ángel Berroa. Jim Souhan of the Minneapolis Star Tribune said he did not see Matsui as a rookie in 2003 because "it would be an insult to the Japanese league to pretend that experience didn't count."[9] The Japan Times ran a story in 2007 on the labeling of Daisuke Matsuzaka, Kei Igawa, and Hideki Okajima as rookies, saying "[t]hese guys aren't rookies."[10] Past winners such as Jackie Robinson, Don Newcombe, and Sam Jethroe had professional experience in the Negro leagues.

Winners

[edit]

Key

[edit]
A man in a black jersey and batting gloves prepares to swing the baseball bat that he is holding.
Cal Ripken Jr. won in 1982, and is one of 21 Hall of Famers to win Rookie of the Year honors.
Year Links to the article about the corresponding Major League Baseball season
† Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum
^ Denotes player who is still active
* Denotes year in which the award was shared
§ Unanimous selection
+ Denotes lead Major Leagues in that category

Major Leagues combined (1947–48)

[edit]
Year Player Team Position Selected statistics Ref
1947 Jackie Robinson† Brooklyn Dodgers 1B [11]
1948 Alvin Dark Boston Braves SS [12]

American League winners (1949–present)

[edit]
Year Player Team Position Selected statistics Ref
1949 Roy Sievers St. Louis Browns OF [13]
1950 Walt Dropo Boston Red Sox 1B [14]
1951 Gil McDougald New York Yankees 3B [15]
1952 Harry Byrd Philadelphia Athletics P [16]
1953 Harvey Kuenn Detroit Tigers SS [17]
1954 Bob Grim New York Yankees P [18]
1955 Herb Score Cleveland Indians P
  • 2.85 earned run average
  • 227+1⁄3 innings pitched
  • 16–10 record in 32 games started
 [19]
1956 Luis Aparicio† Chicago White Sox SS [20]
1957 Tony Kubek New York Yankees SS [21]
1958 Albie Pearson Washington Senators OF [22]
1959 Bob Allison Washington Senators OF [23]
1960 Ron Hansen Baltimore Orioles SS [24]
1961 Don Schwall Boston Red Sox P [25]
1962 Tom Tresh New York Yankees SS [26]
1963 Gary Peters Chicago White Sox P [27]
1964 Tony Oliva† Minnesota Twins OF [28]
1965 Curt Blefary Baltimore Orioles OF [29]
1966 Tommie Agee Chicago White Sox OF [30]
1967 Rod Carew† Minnesota Twins 2B [31]
1968 Stan Bahnsen New York Yankees P [32]
1969 Lou Piniella Kansas City Royals OF [33]
1970 Thurman Munson New York Yankees C [34]
1971 Chris Chambliss Cleveland Indians 1B [35]
1972 Carlton Fisk†§ Boston Red Sox C [36]
1973 Al Bumbry Baltimore Orioles OF [37]
1974 Mike Hargrove Texas Rangers 1B [38]
1975 Fred Lynn Boston Red Sox OF [39]
1976 Mark Fidrych Detroit Tigers P [40]
1977 Eddie Murray† Baltimore Orioles DH [41]
1978 Lou Whitaker Detroit Tigers 2B [42]
1979* John Castino Minnesota Twins 3B [43]
Alfredo Griffin Toronto Blue Jays SS [44]
1980 Joe Charboneau Cleveland Indians OF [45]
1981 Dave Righetti New York Yankees P [46]
1982 Cal Ripken Jr.† Baltimore Orioles SS [47]
1983 Ron Kittle Chicago White Sox OF [48]
1984 Alvin Davis Seattle Mariners 1B [49]
1985 Ozzie Guillén Chicago White Sox SS [50]
1986 Jose Canseco Oakland Athletics OF [51]
1987 Mark McGwire§ Oakland Athletics 1B [52]
1988 Walt Weiss Oakland Athletics SS [53]
1989 Gregg Olson Baltimore Orioles P [54]
1990 Sandy Alomar Jr.§ Cleveland Indians C [55]
1991 Chuck Knoblauch Minnesota Twins 2B [56]
1992 Pat Listach Milwaukee Brewers SS [57]
1993 Tim Salmon§ California Angels OF [58]
1994 Bob Hamelin Kansas City Royals DH [59]
1995 Marty Cordova Minnesota Twins OF [60]
1996 Derek Jeter†§ New York Yankees SS [61]
1997 Nomar Garciaparra§ Boston Red Sox SS [62]
1998 Ben Grieve Oakland Athletics OF [63]
1999 Carlos Beltrán† Kansas City Royals OF [64]
2000 Kazuhiro Sasaki Seattle Mariners P [65]
2001 Ichiro Suzuki† Seattle Mariners OF [66]
2002 Eric Hinske Toronto Blue Jays 3B [67]
2003 Ángel Berroa Kansas City Royals SS [68]
2004 Bobby Crosby Oakland Athletics SS [69]
2005 Huston Street Oakland Athletics P [70]
2006 Justin Verlander Detroit Tigers P [71]
2007 Dustin Pedroia Boston Red Sox 2B [72]
2008 Evan Longoria§ Tampa Bay Rays 3B [73]
2009 Andrew Bailey Oakland Athletics P [74]
2010 Neftalí Feliz Texas Rangers P [75]
2011 Jeremy Hellickson Tampa Bay Rays P [76]
2012 Mike Trout^§ Los Angeles Angels OF [77]
2013 Wil Myers^ Tampa Bay Rays OF [78]
2014 José Abreu^§ Chicago White Sox 1B [79]
2015 Carlos Correa^ Houston Astros SS [80]
2016 Michael Fulmer^ Detroit Tigers P [81]
2017 Aaron Judge^§ New York Yankees OF [82]
2018 Shohei Ohtani^ Los Angeles Angels P/DH [83]
2019 Yordan Alvarez^§ Houston Astros DH/OF [84]
2020 Kyle Lewis^§ Seattle Mariners OF [85]
2021 Randy Arozarena^ Tampa Bay Rays OF [86]
2022 Julio Rodríguez^ Seattle Mariners OF [87]
2023 Gunnar Henderson^§ Baltimore Orioles SS/3B [88]
2024 Luis Gil^ New York Yankees P [89]
2025 Nick Kurtz^§ Athletics 1B [90]

National League winners (1949–present)

[edit]
Year Player Team Position Selected statistics Ref
1949 Don Newcombe Brooklyn Dodgers P [91]
1950 Sam Jethroe Boston Braves OF [92]
1951 Willie Mays† New York Giants OF [93]
1952 Joe Black Brooklyn Dodgers P [94]
1953 Jim Gilliam Brooklyn Dodgers 2B [95]
1954 Wally Moon St. Louis Cardinals OF [96]
1955 Bill Virdon St. Louis Cardinals OF [97]
1956 Frank Robinson†§ Cincinnati Reds OF [98]
1957 Jack Sanford Philadelphia Phillies P [99]
1958 Orlando Cepeda†§ San Francisco Giants 1B [100]
1959 Willie McCovey†§ San Francisco Giants 1B [101]
1960 Frank Howard Los Angeles Dodgers OF [102]
1961 Billy Williams† Chicago Cubs OF [103]
1962 Ken Hubbs Chicago Cubs 2B [104]
1963 Pete Rose Cincinnati Reds 2B [105]
1964 Dick Allen† Philadelphia Phillies 3B [106]
1965 Jim Lefebvre Los Angeles Dodgers 2B [107]
1966 Tommy Helms Cincinnati Reds 2B [108]
1967 Tom Seaver† New York Mets P [109]
1968 Johnny Bench† Cincinnati Reds C [110]
1969 Ted Sizemore Los Angeles Dodgers 2B [111]
1970 Carl Morton Montreal Expos P [112]
1971 Earl Williams Atlanta Braves C [113]
1972 Jon Matlack New York Mets P [114]
1973 Gary Matthews San Francisco Giants OF [115]
1974 Bake McBride St. Louis Cardinals OF [116]
1975 John Montefusco San Francisco Giants P [117]
1976* Butch Metzger San Diego Padres P [118]
Pat Zachry Cincinnati Reds P [119]
1977 Andre Dawson† Montreal Expos OF [120]
1978 Bob Horner Atlanta Braves 3B [121]
1979 Rick Sutcliffe Los Angeles Dodgers P [122]
1980 Steve Howe Los Angeles Dodgers P [123]
1981 Fernando Valenzuela Los Angeles Dodgers P [124]
1982 Steve Sax Los Angeles Dodgers 2B [125]
1983 Darryl Strawberry New York Mets OF [126]
1984 Dwight Gooden New York Mets P [127]
1985 Vince Coleman§ St. Louis Cardinals OF [128]
1986 Todd Worrell St. Louis Cardinals P [129]
1987 Benito Santiago§ San Diego Padres C [130]
1988 Chris Sabo Cincinnati Reds 3B [131]
1989 Jerome Walton Chicago Cubs OF [132]
1990 David Justice Atlanta Braves OF [133]
1991 Jeff Bagwell† Houston Astros 1B [134]
1992 Eric Karros Los Angeles Dodgers 1B [135]
1993 Mike Piazza†§ Los Angeles Dodgers C [136]
1994 Raúl Mondesí§ Los Angeles Dodgers OF [137]
1995 Hideo Nomo Los Angeles Dodgers P [138]
1996 Todd Hollandsworth Los Angeles Dodgers OF [139]
1997 Scott Rolen†§ Philadelphia Phillies 3B [140]
1998 Kerry Wood Chicago Cubs P [141]
1999 Scott Williamson Cincinnati Reds P [142]
2000 Rafael Furcal Atlanta Braves SS [143]
2001 Albert Pujols§ St. Louis Cardinals 3B [144]
2002 Jason Jennings Colorado Rockies P [145]
2003 Dontrelle Willis Florida Marlins P [146]
2004 Jason Bay Pittsburgh Pirates OF [147]
2005 Ryan Howard Philadelphia Phillies 1B [148]
2006 Hanley Ramírez Florida Marlins SS [149]
2007 Ryan Braun Milwaukee Brewers 3B [150]
2008 Geovany Soto Chicago Cubs C [151]
2009 Chris Coghlan Florida Marlins OF [152]
2010 Buster Posey San Francisco Giants C [153]
2011 Craig Kimbrel^§ Atlanta Braves P [154]
2012 Bryce Harper^ Washington Nationals OF [155]
2013 José Fernández Miami Marlins P [156]
2014 Jacob deGrom^ New York Mets P [157]
2015 Kris Bryant^§ Chicago Cubs 3B [158]
2016 Corey Seager^§ Los Angeles Dodgers SS [159]
2017 Cody Bellinger^§ Los Angeles Dodgers 1B [160]
2018 Ronald Acuña Jr.^ Atlanta Braves OF [161]
2019 Pete Alonso^ New York Mets 1B [162]
2020 Devin Williams^ Milwaukee Brewers P [163]
2021 Jonathan India^ Cincinnati Reds 2B [164]
2022 Michael Harris II^ Atlanta Braves OF [165]
2023 Corbin Carroll^ § Arizona Diamondbacks OF [166]
2024 Paul Skenes^ Pittsburgh Pirates P [167]
2025 Drake Baldwin^ Atlanta Braves C [168]

Wins by team

[edit]

Following Corbin Carroll winning the award as a member of the Arizona Diamondbacks, every MLB franchise has had at least one Rookie of the Year winner. The Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers have won more than any other team with 18.

Teams Awards Years
Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers 18 1947, 1949, 1952, 1953, 1960, 1965, 1969, 1979–1982, 1992–1996, 2016, 2017
New York Yankees 10 1951, 1954, 1957, 1962, 1968, 1970, 1981, 1996, 2017, 2024
Boston/Atlanta Braves 1948, 1950, 1971, 1978, 1990, 2000, 2011, 2018, 2022, 2025
Philadelphia/Oakland Athletics 9 1952, 1986–1988, 1998, 2004, 2005, 2009, 2025
St. Louis Browns/Baltimore Orioles 8 1949, 1960, 1965, 1973, 1977, 1982, 1989, 2023
Cincinnati Reds 1956, 1963, 1966, 1968, 1976, 1988, 1999, 2021
Washington Senators/Minnesota Twins 7 1958, 1959, 1964, 1967, 1979, 1991, 1995
St. Louis Cardinals 6 1954, 1955, 1974, 1985, 1986, 2001
Boston Red Sox 1950, 1961, 1972, 1975, 1997, 2007
New York/San Francisco Giants 1951, 1958, 1959, 1973, 1975, 2010
Chicago White Sox 1956, 1963, 1966, 1983, 1985, 2014
Chicago Cubs 1961, 1962, 1989, 1998, 2008, 2015
New York Mets 1967, 1972, 1983, 1984, 2014, 2019
Detroit Tigers 5 1953, 1976, 1978, 2006, 2016
Seattle Mariners 1984, 2000, 2001, 2020, 2022
Cleveland Indians/Guardians 4 1955, 1971, 1980, 1990
Kansas City Royals 1969, 1994, 1999, 2003
Philadelphia Phillies 1957, 1964, 1997, 2005
Miami Marlins 2003, 2006, 2009, 2013
Tampa Bay Rays 2008, 2011, 2013, 2021
Montreal Expos/Washington Nationals 3 1970, 1977, 2012
Los Angeles Angels 1993, 2012, 2018
Houston Astros 1991, 2015, 2019
Milwaukee Brewers 1992, 2007, 2020
Pittsburgh Pirates 2 2004, 2024
San Diego Padres 1976, 1987
Toronto Blue Jays 1979, 2002
Texas Rangers 1974, 2010
Arizona Diamondbacks 1 2023
Colorado Rockies 2002

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
General
  • "Rookie of the Year winners". Major League Baseball. Retrieved September 10, 2009.
  • "Rookie of the Year Awards & Rolaids Relief Award Winners". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 10, 2009.
Inline citations
  1. ^ a b c d e Vass, George (July 1998). "History of the rookie award filled with controversy". Baseball Digest. 57 (7): 26. ISSN 0005-609X.
  2. ^ "Sports News". Associated Press. July 14, 1987.
  3. ^ Goldstein, Richard (June 19, 2001). "Sam Jethroe Is Dead at 83; Was Oldest Rookie of the Year". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 16, 2009. Retrieved November 11, 2008.
  4. ^ Cour, Jim (November 7, 2000). "Sasaki voted AL Rookie of the Year". Associated Press.
  5. ^ "MLB Miscellany: Rules, regulations and statistics". Major League Baseball. Archived from the original on August 3, 2008. Retrieved July 10, 2008.
  6. ^ "Rookie of the Year Award / Jackie Robinson Award". Baseball Almanac. 2008. Archived from the original on May 13, 2008. Retrieved July 24, 2008.
  7. ^ "Longoria, Soto are Rookies of the Year". Major League Baseball. November 10, 2008. Archived from the original on March 15, 2014. Retrieved September 9, 2009.
  8. ^ "The BBWAA and Edinson Volquez". Baseball Prospectus. November 16, 2008. Retrieved September 9, 2009.
  9. ^ a b "Berroa barely edges Matsui for AL honor". ESPN. Associated Press. Archived from the original on February 15, 2009. Retrieved July 10, 2008.
  10. ^ a b Graczyk, Wayne (May 27, 2007). "MLB should eliminate 'rookie' label for Japanese veterans". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on March 3, 2008. Retrieved September 10, 2009.
  11. ^ "Jackie Robinson Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 4, 2010. Retrieved September 11, 2009.
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Wikipedia

Ken Hubbs

Kenneth Douglass Hubbs (December 23, 1941 – February 13, 1964) was an American professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as a second baseman for the Chicago Cubs from 1961 to 1963. Hubbs died at age 22 when the private plane he was piloting crashed in a snow storm near Provo, Utah prior to the 1964 season. In his short big-league career he was an excellent fielder, already earning a Gold Glove Award; assessments of his hitting were more mixed, as he was still developing as a hitter. In 1962, becoming the first rookie in baseball history to win a Gold Glove Award, Hubbs set several fielding records and convincingly won the 1962 National League Rookie of the Year Award. At the time of his death, Hubbs was among the best defensive second basemen in the game.

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Hubbs is a surname. It may refer to the following notable people: Carl Leavitt Hubbs (1894–1979), American ichthyologist Clark Hubbs (1921-2008), American ichthyologist and son of Carl Leavitt Hubbs Dan Hubbs (born 1971), American college baseball coach Irving Hubbs (1870–1952), American lawyer and politician John Hubbs (1874–1952), Canadian politician Ken Hubbs (1941–1964), American baseball player Orlando Hubbs (1840–1930), American politician Robert Hubbs III (born 1985), American basketball player

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In Major League Baseball, the Rookie of the Year Award is given annually to two outstanding rookie players, one each for the American League (AL) and National League (NL), as voted on by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA). The award was established in 1940 by the Chicago chapter of the BBWAA, which selected an annual winner from 1940 through 1946. The award became national in 1947; Jackie Robinson, the Brooklyn Dodgers' second baseman, won the inaugural award. One award was presented for all of MLB in 1947 and 1948; since 1949, the honor has been given to one player each in the NL and AL. Originally, the award was known as the J. Louis Comiskey Memorial Award, named after the Chicago White Sox owner of the 1930s. The award was renamed the Jackie Robinson Award in July 1987, 40 years after Robinson broke the baseball color line. Twenty-one players have been elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame—Robinson, seven AL players, and eleven others from the NL. The award has been shared twice: once by Butch Metzger and Pat Zachry of the NL in 1976; and once by John Castino and Alfredo Griffin of the AL in 1979. Members of the Brooklyn and Los Angeles Dodgers have won the most awards of any franchise (with 18). Fred Lynn and Ichiro Suzuki are the only two players who have been named Rookie of the Year and Most Valuable Player in the same year, and Fernando Valenzuela is the only player to have won Rookie of the Year and the Cy Young Award in the same year. Sam Jethroe is the oldest player to have won the award, at age 32, 33 days older than 2000 winner Kazuhiro Sasaki (also 32). Nick Kurtz of the Athletics and Drake Baldwin of the Atlanta Braves are the most recent winners.

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Greenwood / Black Wall Street

Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.

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TRIVIA QUESTION OF THE DAY

Who became the first Black woman to travel into space?

Mae Jemison, aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992.