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Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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Wilmington, North Carolina once had a thriving Black middle class and an elected interracial government. In 1898 white supremacists used violence to overthrow that government, kill Black residents and drive many others from the city.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
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The Red Hat Kickstart installation method is used by Fedora, Red Hat Enterprise Linux and related Linux distributions to automatically perform unattended operating system installation and configuration. Red Hat publishes Cobbler as a tool to automate the Kickstart configuration process.[1]
Kickstart is normally used at sites with many such Linux systems, to allow easy installation[2] and consistent configuration of new computer systems.
Kickstart configuration files can be built three ways:
Anaconda will produce an anaconda-ks.cfg configuration file at the end of any manual installation. This file can be used to automatically reproduce the same installation or edited (manually or with system-config-kickstart).
The kickstart file is a simple text file, containing a list of items, each identified by a keyword.
While not strictly required, there is a natural order for sections that should be followed. Items within the sections do not have to be in a specific order unless otherwise noted. The section order is:
%packages section – listing of software packages to be installed & related options.%pre, %pre-install, %post, %onerror, and %traceback sections – can contain scripts that will be executed at the appropriate time during the installation.The %packages, %pre, %pre-install, %post, %onerror, and %traceback sections are all required to be closed with %end.
Items that are not required for the given installation run can be omitted.
Lines starting with a pound sign (#) are treated as comments and are ignored.
If deprecated commands, options, or syntax are used during a kickstart installation, a warning message will be logged to the anaconda log. Since deprecated items are usually removed within a release or two, it makes sense to check the installation log to make sure you haven’t used any of them. When using ksvalidator, deprecated items will cause an error.
A simple Kickstart for a fully automated Fedora installation.
# use Fedora mirror as installation source, set Fedora version and target architecture
url --mirrorlist=http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/mirrorlist?repo=fedora-33&arch=x86_64
# set installation language
lang en_US.UTF-8
# set keyboard
keyboard us
# set root password
rootpw 12345
# create a sudo capable user
user --name wikipedia-user --password 12345 --groups=wheel
#set timezone
timezone America/New_York
# clear all existing storage (!)
zerombr
clearpart --all --initlabel
# automatically create default storage layout
autopart
%packages
# install the Fedora Workstation environment
@^Fedora Workstation
# install some package groups
@3D Printing
@C Development Tools and Libraries
@System Tools
# install some packages
vim
git
mc
%end
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
The Red Hat Kickstart installation method is used by Fedora, Red Hat Enterprise Linux and related Linux distributions to automatically perform unattended operating system installation and configuration. Red Hat publishes Cobbler as a tool to automate the Kickstart configuration process.
Cobbler is a Linux provisioning server that facilitates and automates the network-based system installation of multiple computer operating systems from a central point using services such as Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, Trivial File Transfer Protocol, and Domain Name System. It can be configured for Preboot Execution Environment, reinstallations, and virtualized guests using Xen, Kernel-based Virtual Machine or VMware. Cobbler interacts with the koan program for re-installation and virtualization support. koan and Cobbler use libvirt to integrate with different virtualization software. Cobbler is able to manage complex network scenarios like bridging on a bonded Ethernet link. The Cobbler project was born at Red Hat and led by Michael DeHaan. Cobbler builds on the Kickstart mechanism and offers installation profiles that can be applied to one or many machines. It also features integration with Yum to aid in machine installs. Cobbler has features to dynamically change the information contained in a kickstart template (definition), either by passing variables called ksmeta or by using so-called snippets. An example for a ksmeta variable could be the name of a disk device in the system. This could be inherited from the system's Cobbler profile. Snippets can be dynamic Python code that expands the limited functionality of Anaconda. The combination of profiles, ksmeta and snippets gives high flexibility; complexity is avoided by keeping the actual "code" in the snippets, of which there can be one for each task in an installation. There are examples for network setup or disk partitioning; keeping common code in snippets helps minimize the size of the kickstart files. Cobbler was originally targeted for RPM-based installs via Kickstart and Anaconda, and was previously hosted as part of the Fedora Project. Since January 19, 2011, Cobbler has been packaged for Ubuntu. Since 2012, Canonical Ltd has used Cobbler for test automation of OpenStack on Ubuntu. Red Hat's systems management application, Satellite, used Cobbler for provisioning up until RedHat Satellite 6.0.
Network Installation Manager (NIM) is an object-oriented system management framework on the IBM AIX operating system that installs and manages systems over a network. NIM is analogous to Kickstart in the Linux world. NIM is a client-server system in which a NIM server provides a boot image to client systems via the BOOTP and TFTP protocols. In addition to boot images, NIM can manage software updates and third-party applications. The SUMA command can be integrated with NIM to automate system updates from a central server and subsequent distribution to clients. NIM data is organized into object classes and object types. Classes include machines, networks and resources while types refer to the kind of object within a class, e.g., script or image resources.
Linux-VServer is a virtual private server implementation that was created by adding operating system-level virtualization capabilities to the Linux kernel. It is developed and distributed as open-source software.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Joe Louis.