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Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
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In 1968 Shirley Chisholm became the first Black woman elected to the United States Congress. In 1972 she launched a campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination, breaking another political barrier.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
| Ksplice | |
|---|---|
 | |
 A screenshot of the Ksplice Uptrack with applied updates | |
| Developers | Ksplice, Inc. |
| Release | 23 April 2008[1] |
| Stable release | 1.0.35
|
| Operating system | Linux |
| Type | Kernel extension |
| License | GNU GPL version 2[2][3] |
| Website | www |
Ksplice is an open-source[2][3] extension of the Linux kernel that allows security patches to be applied to a running kernel without the need for reboots, avoiding downtimes and improving availability (a technique broadly referred to as dynamic software updating). Ksplice supports only the patches that do not make significant semantic changes to kernel's data structures.[4]
Ksplice has been implemented for Linux on the x86-64 and AArch64 architectures.[5] It was developed by Ksplice, Inc. until 21 July 2011, when Oracle acquired Ksplice and then offered support for Oracle Linux. Support for Red Hat Enterprise Linux was dropped and turned into a free 30-day trial for RHEL customers as an incentive to migrate to Oracle Linux Premier Support.[6][7]
Ksplice is today offered on the two kernel flavors distributed with Oracle Linux:
As of July 2015[update], Ksplice is available for free on desktop Linux installations, with official support available for Ubuntu Linux distribution.[8]
Ksplice takes as input a unified diff and the original kernel source code, and it updates the running kernel in memory. Using Ksplice does not require any preparation before the system is originally booted, (the running kernel needs no special prior compiling, for example). In order to generate an update, Ksplice must determine what code within the kernel has been changed by the source code patch. Ksplice performs this analysis at the Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) object code layer, rather than at the C source code layer.[9]
To apply a patch, Ksplice first freezes execution of a computer so it is the only program running. The system verifies that no processors were in the middle of executing functions that will be modified by the patch. Ksplice modifies the beginning of changed functions so that they instead point to new, updated versions of those functions, and modifies data and structures in memory that need to be changed. Finally, Ksplice resumes each processor running where it left off.[9]
To be fully automatic, Ksplice's design was originally limited to patches that did not introduce semantic changes to data structures, since most Linux kernel security patches do not make these kinds of changes. An evaluation against Linux kernel security patches from May 2005 to May 2008 found that Ksplice was able to apply fixes for all the 64 significant kernel vulnerabilities discovered in that interval. In 2009, major Linux vendors asked their customers to install a kernel update more than once per month.[10] For patches that do introduce semantic changes to data structures, Ksplice requires a programmer to write a short amount of additional code to help apply the patch. This was necessary for about 12% of the updates in that time period.[11]
The Ksplice software was created by four MIT students based on Jeff Arnold's master's thesis,[12] and they later created Ksplice, Inc. Around May 2009, the company won the MIT $100K Entrepreneurship Competition and the Cyber Security Challenge of Global Security Challenge.
Whereas the Ksplice software was provided under an open source license, Ksplice, Inc. provided a service to make it easier to use the software. Ksplice, Inc. provided prebuilt and tested updates for the Red Hat, CentOS, Debian, Ubuntu and Fedora Linux distributions.[13] The virtualization technologies OpenVZ and Virtuozzo were also supported. Updates for Ubuntu Desktop and Fedora systems were provided free of charge, whereas other platforms were offered on a subscription basis.[14]
On 21 July 2011, Oracle Corporation announced that they acquired Ksplice, Inc. At the time the company was acquired, Ksplice, Inc. claimed to have over 700 companies using the service to protect over 100,000 servers. While the service had been available for multiple Linux distributions, it was stated at the time of acquisition that "Oracle believes it will be the only enterprise Linux provider that can offer zero downtime updates." More explicitly, "Oracle does not plan to support the use of Ksplice technology with Red Hat Enterprise Linux."[7] Existing legacy customers continue to be supported by Ksplice, but no new customers are being accepted for other platforms.[15]
As of July 2015[update], Ksplice is available for free on Ubuntu Desktop.[8] In January 2016, Ksplice was integrated into Oracle's Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 4 for Oracle Linux 6 and 7, which is Oracle's redistribution of Red Hat Enterprise Linux.[16]
As of March 2023, Ksplice is integrated into:
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.
Oracle Ksplice is offered for free on Fedora and Ubuntu Desktop Editions.
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Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Ksplice is an open-source extension of the Linux kernel that allows security patches to be applied to a running kernel without the need for reboots, avoiding downtimes and improving availability (a technique broadly referred to as dynamic software updating). Ksplice supports only the patches that do not make significant semantic changes to kernel's data structures. Ksplice has been implemented for Linux on the x86-64 and AArch64 architectures. It was developed by Ksplice, Inc. until 21 July 2011, when Oracle acquired Ksplice and then offered support for Oracle Linux. Support for Red Hat Enterprise Linux was dropped and turned into a free 30-day trial for RHEL customers as an incentive to migrate to Oracle Linux Premier Support. Ksplice is today offered on the two kernel flavors distributed with Oracle Linux: UEK: the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel RHCK: the Red Hat Compatible Kernel As of July 2015, Ksplice is available for free on desktop Linux installations, with official support available for Ubuntu Linux distribution.
The Urban Rowhouse is an historic rowhouse 40–48 Pearl Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The rowhouse was constructed in a Second Empire/Mansard style in 1875, and is a contrasting example to the rowhouse on the adjacent block to providing further construction density in an urban setting. This rowhouse is of wood-frame construction, while the neighboring one is built of brick. The polygonal bays rise to the mansard roof, where the shape of the bay is continued, giving visual texture to the structure. The company Ksplice, Inc. was headquartered at 48 Pearl Street from September 2010 until its acquisition by Oracle in July 2011. The rowhouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
Kernel patch may refer to: Kernel Patch Protection (KPP), a feature of 64-bit (x64) editions of Microsoft Windows that prevents patching the kernel, informally known as PatchGuard kpatch, a feature of the Linux kernel that implements live patching of a running kernel Ksplice, an extension of the Linux kernel that allows security patches to be applied to a running kernel XNU kernel patch, a series of initial patches necessary to run the OSx86 kernel on non-Apple hardware TRESOR, a Linux kernel patch which provides CPU-only based encryption to defend against cold boot attacks
Oracle Linux (abbreviated OL, formerly known as Oracle Enterprise Linux or OEL) is a Linux distribution packaged and freely distributed by Oracle, available partially under the GNU General Public License since late 2006. It is, in part, compiled from Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) source code, replacing Red Hat branding with Oracle's. It is also used by Oracle Cloud and Oracle Engineered Systems such as Oracle Exadata and others. Potential users can freely download Oracle Linux through Oracle's server, or from a variety of mirror sites, and can deploy and distribute it without cost. The company's Oracle Linux Support program aims to provide commercial technical support, covering Oracle Linux and existing RHEL or CentOS installations but without any certification from the former (i.e. without re-installation or re-boot). As of 2016, Oracle Linux has over 15,000 customers subscribed to the support program.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Madam C.J. Walker
