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Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
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Wilmington, North Carolina once had a thriving Black middle class and an elected interracial government. In 1898 white supremacists used violence to overthrow that government, kill Black residents and drive many others from the city.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
Ladjak (meaning "sail" in Chamorro) was a general term referring to both sails woven from pandanus leaves and to single-outrigger canoes ("proas") fitted with a sail. These vessels include the very large sakman (usually known as "flying proas" in historical records), the slightly smaller lelek, the medium-sized duding, and the small duduli. It excludes the panga and the galaide’, which were not fitted with sails.[1]
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Ladjak (meaning "sail" in Chamorro) was a general term referring to both sails woven from pandanus leaves and to single-outrigger canoes ("proas") fitted with a sail. These vessels include the very large sakman (usually known as "flying proas" in historical records), the slightly smaller lelek, the medium-sized duding, and the small duduli. It excludes the panga and the galaide’, which were not fitted with sails.
Sakman, better known in western sources as flying proas, are traditional sailing outrigger boats of the Chamorro people of the Northern Marianas. They are characterized by a single outrigger and a crab claw sail. They are the largest native sailing ships (ladjak) of the Chamorro people. Followed by the slightly smaller lelek and the medium-sized duding. They are similar to other traditional sailing ships of Micronesia, like the wa, baurua, and the walap. These ships were once used for trade and transportation between islands.
Outrigger boats are various watercraft featuring one or more lateral support floats known as outriggers, which are fastened to one or both sides of the main hull. They can range from small dugout canoes to large plank-built vessels. Outrigger boats can also vary in their configuration, from the ancestral double-hull configuration (catamarans), to single-outrigger vessels prevalent in the Pacific Islands and Madagascar, to the double-outrigger vessels (trimarans) prevalent in Island Southeast Asia. They are traditionally fitted with Austronesian sails, like the crab claw sails and tanja sails, but in modern times are often fitted with petrol engines. Unlike a single-hulled vessel, an outrigger or double-hull vessel generates stability as a result of the distance between its hulls rather than due to the shape of each individual hull. As such, the hulls of outrigger or double-hull boats are typically longer, narrower and more hydrodynamically efficient than those of single-hull vessels. Compared to other types of canoes, smaller outrigger canoes can be quite fast, yet are also capable of being paddled and sailed in rougher water. This paddling technique, however, differs greatly from kayaking or rowing. The paddle, or blade, used by the paddler is single sided, with either a straight or a double-bend shaft. These vessels were the first true ocean-going ships, and are an important part of the Austronesian heritage. They were the vessels that enabled the Austronesian expansion from Taiwan into the islands of both the Indian and Pacific Ocean from around 3000 BC. They comprise the bulk of traditional boats in Island Southeast Asia, Island Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, and Madagascar. They have spread to other cultures Austronesians came into contact with, notably in Sri Lanka and southern India as well as in the coast of East Africa. In modern times, outrigger vessels are used in the sport of sailing. Catamaran and trimaran configurations are also widely used for high speed craft.
Maksim Evgenievich Gololobov (born 7 September 1974), better known as Jeeep (Jeep), is a Russian rapper, a former member of the K.T.L. D.L.L., Slaves of the Lamp, D.O.B. Community, "Empire", "Fury Inc.". He is the founder and participant of the T.I.R. project. In 1992, Jeep joined the K.T.L. D.L.L. group, with which he recorded eight tracks until its breakup. In 1996, together with Grundik, he formed the duet Slaves of the Lamp, who only released one album, It Doesn't Hurt. After Grundik's death, Maksim joined the D.O.B. Community, with which he released three albums. In 2004 Jeep released his solo album Here I Was. In 2010, together with rappers Legalize and Max Lomak (ex-FMWL), he created the Rage Inc. project, which published one album, Barrel of Tar. In 2016, together with bass player Alexey Avdeev, he founded the duo T.I.R. He took part in the creation of documentaries Slave of the Lamp (2016), Yug: The Last Word (2016) and BEEF: Russian Hip-Hop (2019) directed by rapper Roma Zhigan. In 2004, Jeep was mentioned by Rap.ru as "the most expressive MC in D.O.B. Community" and as the owner of "the most original voice in Russian rap", and members of the group "K.T.L. D.L.L." called "underground legends". In 2007, the Russian edition of Billboard magazine named D.O.B. Community "sign formation", and the group "C.T.L. D.L.L." and "Slaves of the Lamp" referred to the "kings of the underground of Moscow." In the same year, the Rap.ru portal indicated the members of the D.O.B. Community "legendary", and two years later RAPpress magazine referred to the group as "cult". In 2015, The-Flow magazine named D.O.B. Community "the iconic hip-hop association of the 90s", the group "K.T.L. D.L.L." - "pioneers of the Moscow underground", and the group "Slaves of the Lamp" - "new rap poetry."
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Joe Louis.
