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Wilmington, North Carolina once had a thriving Black middle class and an elected interracial government. In 1898 white supremacists used violence to overthrow that government, kill Black residents and drive many others from the city.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
The Ligier JS P217 is a Le Mans Prototype built by Onroak Automotive and named in a partnership with French racing driver Guy Ligier. The Ligier JS P217 was built to meet the 2017 FIA and ACO regulations for 2017 for the LMP2 category in the FIA World Endurance Championship. The car also meets the regulations for the International Motor Sports Association’s (IMSA) WeatherTech SportsCar Championship for the Prototype class. It was active in both of these championship series as well as the European Le Mans Series[2] and Asian Le Mans Series.
The prototype made its racing debut at the 2017 24 Hours of Daytona and its FIA World Endurance Championship debut at the 2017 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps.
The Liger JS P217 was conceived in 2016 in preparation for the FIA and ACO's new regulation changes in 2017. Onroak Automotive built a brand new chassis from scratch and focused on improving the mechanics of the car from the Ligier JS P2. Onroak and technical partners focused on the air cooling of the engine radiators and brakes and cockpit air conditioning. The mechanical features of the car that were concentrated on was the implementation of a new axle, nut, and rim to lessen the time of tire changes, the efficiency of the axles, weight distribution, accessibility of mechanics at the front of the cockpit, aerodynamic efficiency, LMP1 style power steering, and a limited number of chassis pieces. The driver's comfort, space, controls accessibility, and visibility also was paid attention to as well.[2]
The car was unveiled at Spa-Francorchamps publicly in September 2016. It also performed tests at Magny-Cours in September 2016 and Daytona International Speedway in November 2016 for preparation for the 24 Hours of Daytona.[4]

A variation of the prototype, the Nissan Onroak DPi, also known as the Ligier Nissan DPi, was created for the IMSA's WeatherTech SportsCar Championship Prototype class under the DPi regulations. The car was developed in partnership with Nissan and Nismo. The powerplant of the vehicle is a 3.8 litre V6 twin-turbo engine from the Nissan GT-R GT3. Other alterations from the P217 include a large front panel and revised side panels.[5] Onroak Automotive supplied Tequila Patrón ESM with two prototypes for the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship.[3] ESM ran the DPi until closing due to a lack of sponsorship in late 2018.[6] CORE Autosport would purchase the ESM DPis and run them for the 2019 season. The program would not continue due to the retirement of team owner Jon Bennett.[7]
Revealed in 2021, the Ligier JS PX is an unrestricted track-day special based on the JS P217.[8] Seemingly an evolution of the Onroak DPi, the JS PX utilizes a 3.8 liter V6 twin-turbo engine, yet developed to 825 hp. The chassis, suspension, and transmission are identical to the P217, though Ligier optimized ABS, TC, and ECU systems using input from Olivier Pla.[9] A similarly large front panel to that of the Nissan DPi is utilized, with an extended nose and a copycat element directly under it. The PX retains single canards on each side like the P217, in place of the DPi's dual-canard setup on each side. While the enlarged cooling duct from the DPi used to cool the NISMO VR38DETT is present, the side panels see simplification in the form of removal of a turning vane.
The car would be featured as the main protagonist's Le Mans entry in the 2023 film Gran Turismo, complete with a racing livery with PlayStation and NISMO sponsorship, further proving relevance to the DPi racecar.[10]
Results in bold indicate pole position. Results in italics indicate fastest lap.
| Year | Entrant | Class | Drivers | No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | Points | Pos |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SIL |
SPA |
24H |
NUR |
MEX |
COTA |
FUJ |
SHA |
BHR | |||||||
| 2017 | LMP2 | 34 | Ret | 9 | Ret | 0 | NC | ||||||||
| Ret | 9 | Ret | |||||||||||||
| Ret | 9 | ||||||||||||||
| No. | SPA |
24H |
SIL |
FUJ |
SHA |
SEB |
SPA |
24H |
Points | Pos | |||||
| 2018 - 2019 | LMP2 | 50 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 85 | 5th | |||
| 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 4 | ||||||||
| 6 | |||||||||||||||
| 6 | |||||||||||||||
| 6 | |||||||||||||||
| 5 | |||||||||||||||
| 6 | |||||||||||||||
| 4 | |||||||||||||||
| 7 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
| No. | SIL |
FUJ |
SHA |
BHR |
COTA |
SPA |
24H |
BHR |
Points | Pos | |||||
| 2019 - 2020 | LMP2 | 35 | 8 | 14 | 0 | NC | |||||||||
| 8 | 14 | ||||||||||||||
| 8 | 14 | ||||||||||||||
| 34 | 17 | 0 | NC | ||||||||||||
| 17 | |||||||||||||||
| 17 | |||||||||||||||
| 11 | Ret | 0 | NC | ||||||||||||
| Ret | |||||||||||||||
| Ret | |||||||||||||||
| No. | SPA |
POR |
MON |
24H |
BHR |
BHR |
Points | Pos | |||||||
| 2021 | LMP2 | 44 | Ret | 11 | 11 | 2 | 11th | ||||||||
| Ret | 11 | ||||||||||||||
| Ret | |||||||||||||||
| 11 | 11 | ||||||||||||||
Results in bold indicate pole position. Results in italics indicate fastest lap.
| Year | Entrant | Class | Drivers | No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | Points | Pos |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SIL |
MON |
RBR |
LEC |
SPA |
POR | |||||||
| 2017 | LMP2 | 23 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 6 | 41 | 7th | ||
| 9 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 6 | |||||||
| 9 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 6 | ||||||||
| 25 | Ret | Ret | Ret | 8 | Ret | 11 | 4.5 | 13th | ||||
| Ret | Ret | Ret | 8 | Ret | 11 | |||||||
| Ret | Ret | Ret | 8 | Ret | ||||||||
| 28 | 8 | 9 | Ret | 11 | 10 | 10 | 8.5 | 12th | ||||
| 8 | 9 | Ret | 11 | 10 | 10 | |||||||
| 8 | ||||||||||||
| 9 | Ret | 11 | ||||||||||
| 10 | 10 | |||||||||||
| 32 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 98 | 2nd | ||||
| 1 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 2 | |||||||
| 1 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 2 | |||||||
| 34 | 5 | 11 | 9 | 12.5 | 10th | |||||||
| 5 | 11 | 9 | ||||||||||
LEC |
MON |
RBR |
SIL |
SPA |
POR |
Points | Pos | |||||
| 2018 | LMP2 | 22 | 12 | 10 | 3 | Ret | 1 | 1 | 54 | 4th | ||
| 12 | ||||||||||||
| 10 | 3 | Ret | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| 32 | 9 | 11 | 15 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 23 | 10th | ||||
| 9 | 11 | 15 | 10 | 6 | 3 | |||||||
| 9 | 11 | 15 | 10 | 6 | 3 | |||||||
| 23 | 8 | 7 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 45.5 | 6th | ||||
| 8 | 7 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 2 | |||||||
| 8 | 7 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 2 | |||||||
| 25 | 16 | 13 | 17 | 11 | 13 | 10 | 3.25 | 18th | ||||
| 16 | 13 | 17 | 11 | 13 | 10 | |||||||
| 16 | 13 | 17 | 11 | 10 | ||||||||
| 13 | ||||||||||||
| 27 | Ret | 12 | 16 | 1.25 | 19th | |||||||
| Ret | 12 | 16 | 14 | |||||||||
| Ret | 12 | |||||||||||
| 16 | 14 | |||||||||||
| 14 | ||||||||||||
LEC |
MON |
CAT |
SIL |
SPA |
POR |
Points | Pos | |||||
| 2019 | LMP2 | 22 | 6 | 4 | 7 | Ret | 71 | 4th | ||||
| 6 | ||||||||||||
| 4 | 7 | Ret | ||||||||||
| 32 | 12 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 37.5 | 8th | ||||||
| 12 | 3 | 8 | 8 | |||||||||
| 3 | 8 | 8 | ||||||||||
| 23 | 10 | 9 | 15 | 7 | 19.5 | 11th | ||||||
| 10 | 9 | 15 | 7 | |||||||||
| 10 | 9 | 15 | 7 | |||||||||
| 24 | Ret | 7 | Ret | 5 | Ret | 8 | 20 | 10th | ||||
| Ret | 7 | Ret | 5 | Ret | 8 | |||||||
| Ret | 7 | Ret | ||||||||||
| 27 | Ret | 16 | 14 | 13 | Ret | 13 | 2 | 18th | ||||
| Ret | 16 | Ret | ||||||||||
| Ret | 16 | 13 | 13 | |||||||||
| 14 | 13 | Ret | 13 | |||||||||
| 34 | 15 | 13 | Ret | 2 | 17th | |||||||
| 15 | ||||||||||||
| 15 | 13 | Ret | 12 | 12 | Ret | |||||||
| Ret | 12 | |||||||||||
| 12 | ||||||||||||
| 12 | Ret | |||||||||||
| 12 | Ret | |||||||||||
LEC |
SPA |
LEC |
MON |
POR |
Points | Pos | ||||||
| 2020 | LMP2 | 34 | 7 | 11 | 6 | 12 | Ret | 15.5 | 12th | |||
| 7 | 11 | 6 | 12 | Ret | ||||||||
| 7 | 11 | 6 | 12 | Ret | ||||||||
Results in bold indicate pole position. Results in italics indicate fastest lap.
| Year | Entrant | Class | Drivers | No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Points | Pos |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SHA |
BEN |
SEP |
CHA | |||||||
| 2019 - 2020 | LMP2 | 1 | Ret | Ret | Ret | 4 | 13 | 7th | ||
| Ret | 4 | |||||||||
| Ret | Ret | |||||||||
| Ret | Ret | 4 | ||||||||
| Ret | ||||||||||
| 36 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 65 | 3rd | ||||
| 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | |||||||
| 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | |||||||
| 33 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 38 | 4th | ||||
| 5 | 4 | 6 | 6 | |||||||
| 5 | 4 | |||||||||
| 6 | 6 | |||||||||
| 34 | 4 | Ret | 5 | 7 | 28 | 5th | ||||
| 4 | Ret | 5 | 7 | |||||||
| 4 | Ret | 5 | 7 | |||||||
DUB 1 |
DUB 2 |
YMC 1 |
YMC 2 |
Points | Pos | |||||
| 2021 | LMP2 - Am | 11 | 2 | Ret | 18 | 2nd | ||||
| 2 | Ret | |||||||||
DUB 1 |
DUB 2 |
YMC 1 |
YMC 2 |
Points | Pos | |||||
| 2022 | LMP2 LMP2 Am |
44 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 51 | 4th | ||
| 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | |||||||
| 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 63 | 3rd | |||||
Results in bold indicate pole position. Results in italics indicate fastest lap.
| Year | Entrant | Class | Drivers | No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | Points | Pos |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DAY |
SEB |
LBH |
AUS |
BEL |
WGL |
MOS |
ELK |
LGA |
ATL |
||||||||
| 2017 | P | 52 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 237 | 7th | ||||||||||
| 9 | 7 | 9 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 10 | |||||||||||
| 9 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||
| 9 | |||||||||||||||||
| 5 | |||||||||||||||||
| 9 | |||||||||||||||||
| 10 | |||||||||||||||||
| 10 | |||||||||||||||||
| 4 | 7 | 7 | 10 | ||||||||||||||
| 8 | |||||||||||||||||
| 8 | |||||||||||||||||
| 10 | |||||||||||||||||
| 90 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 233 | 8th | ||||||||||||
| 5 | 1 | 7 | |||||||||||||||
| 7 | |||||||||||||||||
DAY |
SEB |
LBH |
MOH |
BEL |
WGL |
MOS |
ELK |
LGA |
ATL |
Points | Pos | ||||||
| 2018 | P | 23 | 13 | 18 | 19th | ||||||||||||
| 13 | |||||||||||||||||
| 13 | |||||||||||||||||
| 32 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 82 | 15th | ||||||||||||
| 4 | |||||||||||||||||
| 4 | |||||||||||||||||
| 4 | |||||||||||||||||
| 5 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||
| 5 | |||||||||||||||||
| 52 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 13 | 211 | 12th | |||||||
| 12 | 11 | 11 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 13 | ||||||||||
| 12 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||
| 12 | |||||||||||||||||
| 9 | |||||||||||||||||
DAY 1 |
DAY 2 |
SEB |
MOH |
BEL |
WGL 1 |
WGL 2 |
ELK |
LGA |
LBH |
ATL |
Points | Pos | |||||
| 2021 | LMP2 | 51 | 4 | 0 | NC | ||||||||||||
| 4 | |||||||||||||||||
| 8 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||
| 8 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||
DAY |
SEB |
WGL |
MOS |
ELK |
IMS |
ATL |
Points | Pos | |||||||||
| 2024 | LMP2 | 33 | 9 | 4 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 1240 | 11th | ||||||||
| 9 | 4 | 11 | 10 | ||||||||||||||
| 9 | 4 | 11 | |||||||||||||||
| 9 | |||||||||||||||||
| 8 | |||||||||||||||||
| Year | Series | Race | Circuit | Team | Specification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 | ELMS | 4 Hours of Silverstone | LMP2 | ||
| ELMS | 4 Hours of Red Bull Ring | LMP2 | |||
| IMSA | Continental Tire Road Race Showcase | Nissan DPi | |||
| IMSA | America's Tire 250 | LMP2 | |||
| IMSA | Motul Petit Le Mans | Nissan DPi | |||
| 2018 | IMSA | Mobil 1 Twelve Hours of Sebring | Nissan DPi | ||
| IMSA | Continental Tire Monterey Grand Prix | Nissan DPi | |||
| ELMS | 4 Hours of Spa | LMP2 | |||
| ELMS | 4 Hours of Portimao | LMP2 | |||
| 2022 | ESET Cup | GT Sprint Race 1 | LMP2 | ||
| ESET Cup | GT Sprint Race 2 | LMP2 |
Media related to Ligier JS P217 at Wikimedia Commons
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
The Ligier JS P217 is a Le Mans Prototype built by Onroak Automotive and named in a partnership with French racing driver Guy Ligier. The Ligier JS P217 was built to meet the 2017 FIA and ACO regulations for 2017 for the LMP2 category in the FIA World Endurance Championship. The car also meets the regulations for the International Motor Sports Association’s (IMSA) WeatherTech SportsCar Championship for the Prototype class. It was active in both of these championship series as well as the European Le Mans Series and Asian Le Mans Series. The prototype made its racing debut at the 2017 24 Hours of Daytona and its FIA World Endurance Championship debut at the 2017 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps.
The Ligier Nissan DPi, also known as the Onroak Nissan DPi, is a Daytona Prototype car built by Ligier Automotive. The car is based on the Ligier JS P217, which was built to meet the 2017 FIA and ACO regulations for 2017 for the LMP2 category in the FIA World Endurance Championship. The prototype made its racing debut at the 2017 24 Hours of Daytona, with the Tequila Patrón ESM team, finishing 4th on its debut.
The 86th 24 Hours of Le Mans (French: 86e 24 Heures du Mans) was an 24-hour automobile endurance race for Le Mans Prototype and Le Mans Grand Touring Endurance cars entered by teams of three drivers each held from 16 to 17 June 2018 at the Circuit de la Sarthe, close to Le Mans, France. It was the 86th running of the event, as organised by the automotive group, the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO), since 1923. The race was the second round of the 2018–19 FIA World Endurance Championship, with 36 of the race's 60 entries contesting the series. Approximately 256,900 people attended the race. A test day was held two weeks prior to the race on 3 June. A Toyota TS050 Hybrid car shared by Sébastien Buemi, Kazuki Nakajima and Fernando Alonso began from pole position after Nakajima recorded the fastest lap time in the third qualifying session. It and the sister Toyota of Mike Conway, Kamui Kobayashi and José María López exchanged the lead for most of the first half of the race until Buemi took a one-minute stop-and-go penalty for speeding in a slow zone that was enforced for an accident during the night. Alonso and Nakajima retook the lead from their teammates in the 16th hour and maintained it for the rest of the race to win. It was Alonso, Buemi and Nakajima's first Le Mans win and Toyota's first in its 20th try. The sister Toyota of Conway, Kobayashi and López finished two laps behind in second, and a Rebellion R13 vehicle driven by Thomas Laurent, Gustavo Menezes and Mathias Beche completed the podium in third. The Le Mans Prototype 2 (LMP2) class was led for 360 consecutive laps by the G-Drive Racing Oreca 07 car of Roman Rusinov, Andrea Pizzitola and Jean-Éric Vergne and was the first team to finish the race. It was later disqualified for running an illegal refuelling component and G-Drive lost an appeal. The class victory was taken by the Signatech Alpine team of Nicolas Lapierre, Pierre Thiriet and André Negrão. A Graff-SO24 team of Vincent Capillaire, Jonathan Hirschi and Tristan Gommendy was second and a United Autosports Ligier JS P217 car driven by Hugo de Sadeleer, Will Owen and Juan Pablo Montoya finished third. On its 70th anniversary Porsche won both of the Le Mans Grand Touring Professional (LMGTE) categories with Michael Christensen, Kévin Estre and Laurens Vanthoor's No. 92 car ahead of the No. 91 911 RSR car of Richard Lietz, Gianmaria Bruni and Frédéric Makowiecki in Le Mans Grand Touring Professional (LMGTE Pro) and Dempsey-Proton's trio of Matt Campbell, Christian Ried and Julien Andlauer winning in Le Mans Grand Touring Amateur (LMGTE Am). The result increased Alonso, Buemi and Nakajima's lead in the LMP Drivers' Championship to 20 points over their teammates Conway, Kobayashi and López. Beche, Laurent and Menezes retained third place and Lapierre, Thiriet and Negrão's victory in LMP2 moved them to fourth. In the GTE Drivers' Championship Christensen and Estre took the lead from Billy Johnson, Stefan Mücke and Olivier Pla. Toyota further extended their lead over Rebellion Racing in the LMP1 Teams' Championship to 27 points as Porsche went further ahead of Ford in the GTE Manufacturers' Championship with six races remaining in the season.
The Ligier JS P2 is a racing car designed and built by French manufacturer Onroak Automotive and named in partnership with French former racing driver Guy Ligier. Designed for the Le Mans Prototype 2 (LMP2) regulations, it is intended as a second option to Onroak's Morgan LMP2 that has been competing since 2012. As well as being the first closed-cockpit car offered by Onroak, it is also the first car they designed entirely in-house. The JS P2 debuted at the 2014 24 Hours of Le Mans, and has been campaigned in the FIA World Endurance Championship, European Le Mans Series, Asian Le Mans Series and IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Joe Louis.