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Wilmington, North Carolina once had a thriving Black middle class and an elected interracial government. In 1898 white supremacists used violence to overthrow that government, kill Black residents and drive many others from the city.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
 The JS43 of Olivier Panis on display at the Honda Collection Hall | |||||||||||
| Category | Formula One | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Constructor | Ligier | ||||||||||
| Designers | Frank Dernie (Technical Director) Paul Crooks (Chief Designer) Loïc Bigois (Head of Aerodynamics) | ||||||||||
| Predecessor | JS41 | ||||||||||
| Successor | Prost JS45 | ||||||||||
| Technical specifications | |||||||||||
| Chassis | carbon-fibre and honeycomb composite structure | ||||||||||
| Suspension (front) | pushrod | ||||||||||
| Suspension (rear) | pushrod | ||||||||||
| Engine | Mugen-Honda MF301HA 3.0-litre V10 (72°) | ||||||||||
| Transmission | Ligier six-speed transverse semi-automatic | ||||||||||
| Power | 690 hp @ 13,700 rpm[1] | ||||||||||
| Fuel | Elf | ||||||||||
| Tyres | Goodyear | ||||||||||
| Competition history | |||||||||||
| Notable entrants | Ligier Gauloises Blondes | ||||||||||
| Notable drivers | 9.  Olivier Panis10.  Pedro Diniz | ||||||||||
| Debut | 1996 Australian Grand Prix | ||||||||||
| First win | 1996 Monaco Grand Prix | ||||||||||
| Last win | 1996 Monaco Grand Prix | ||||||||||
| Last event | 1996 Japanese Grand Prix | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| Teams' Championships | 0 | ||||||||||
| Constructors' Championships | 0 | ||||||||||
| Drivers' Championships | 0 | ||||||||||
The Ligier JS43 was the car with which the Ligier team competed in the 1996 Formula One World Championship. It was driven by Frenchman Olivier Panis, who was in his third season with the team, and Brazilian Pedro Diniz, who moved from Forti.
The JS43 was an evolution of 1995's relatively successful JS41, designed by Frank Dernie. However, he, team manager Tony Dowe and majority owner Tom Walkinshaw left the team after ownership problems with Ligier founder Guy Ligier. This paved the way for Alain Prost to buy the team for 1997.
Despite these losses, the JS43 performed respectably all season, with both chassis and engine the subject of steady development. Despite season-long complaints about the car's braking performance, Panis took his first and only Grand Prix victory at Monaco, in a race where only three cars finished. It was also Ligier's first win since the 1981 Canadian Grand Prix.
Panis also finished sixth in Brazil and fifth in Hungary, to place ninth in the Drivers' Championship with 13 points. Diniz finished sixth in Spain and Italy, earning two points which placed him 15th in the Drivers' Championship. The Brazilian was also fortunate to escape a serious fire in Argentina.
With a total of 15 points, Ligier placed sixth in the Constructors' Championship.
The JS43 had a little lighter dark blue livery with a new major sponsor, Gauloises replacing its sister brand Gitanes. Ligier used 'Gauloises' logos, except at the French, British and German Grands Prix.
At the Australian Grand Prix, energy drink brand Power Horse featured on the air box.
(key) (results in bold indicate pole position)
| Year | Team | Engine | Tyres | Drivers | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | Points | WCC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | Ligier | Mugen Honda V10 | G | AUS | BRA | ARG | EUR | SMR | MON | ESP | CAN | FRA | GBR | GER | HUN | BEL | ITA | POR | JPN | 15 | 6th | |
| Olivier Panis | 7 | 6 | 8 | Ret | Ret | 1 | Ret | Ret | 7 | Ret | 7 | 5 | Ret | Ret | 10 | 7 | ||||||
| Pedro Diniz | 10 | 8 | Ret | 10 | 7 | Ret | 6 | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | 6 | Ret | Ret |
|
 | This Formula One–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information. |
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
The Ligier JS43 was the car with which the Ligier team competed in the 1996 Formula One World Championship. It was driven by Frenchman Olivier Panis, who was in his third season with the team, and Brazilian Pedro Diniz, who moved from Forti.
The Ligier JS41 was a Formula One car designed by Frank Dernie for use by the Ligier team in the 1995 Formula One World Championship. The car was powered by the 3-litre Mugen-Honda MF-301 V10 engine. The number 26 car was driven by Frenchman Olivier Panis while, at the insistence of Mugen, the number 25 car was shared between Briton Martin Brundle and Japan's Aguri Suzuki. Another Frenchman, Franck Lagorce, served as the team's test driver. Design-wise, the JS41 bore a striking resemblance to the Benetton B195. At the start of 1995, Ligier was part-owned by Benetton's director, Flavio Briatore. Briatore transferred the Renault engines Ligier had used for the previous three years to Benetton, in turn convincing Mugen to supply Ligier instead of Minardi. During the season, Briatore sold his shares in Ligier to Tom Walkinshaw, Benetton's engineering director. As a result, the JS41 was one of the most competitive Ligiers in years which allowed Brundle and Panis to regularly fight for points in races.
Équipe Ligier (French: [e.kip li.ʒje]) is a motorsport team, best known for its Formula One team that operated from 1976 to 1996. The team was founded in 1968 by French former rugby union player and former Formula One driver Guy Ligier as a sports car manufacturer.
The Ligier JS2 is a mid-engined sports coupé that was built by Ligier in the French commune of Abrest near Vichy in the department of Allier between 1971 and 1975. Road-going and competition versions were built.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Mae Jemison, aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992.
