Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
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Wilmington, North Carolina once had a thriving Black middle class and an elected interracial government. In 1898 white supremacists used violence to overthrow that government, kill Black residents and drive many others from the city.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
The following is a list of Solar System objects by orbit, ordered by increasing distance from the Sun. Most named objects in this list have a diameter of 500 km or more.
The Solar System also contains:
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
The following is a list of Solar System objects by orbit, ordered by increasing distance from the Sun. Most named objects in this list have a diameter of 500 km or more. The Sun, a spectral class G2V main-sequence star The inner Solar System and the terrestrial planets Mercury Mercury-crossing minor planets Venus Venus-crossing minor planets Zoozve, Venus' quasi-satellite Earth Moon Near-Earth asteroids 2021 PH27 Apophis Eros Earth trojans (2010 TK7) Earth-crosser asteroids Earth's quasi-satellites Mars Deimos Phobos Mars trojans Mars-crossing minor planets Asteroids in the asteroid belt, between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter Ceres, a dwarf planet Vesta Pallas Hygiea Europa (asteroid) Interamnia Davida Sylvia Asteroids number in the hundreds of thousands. For longer lists, see list of exceptional asteroids, list of asteroids, or list of Solar System objects by size. Asteroid moons A number of smaller groups distinct from the asteroid belt The outer Solar System with the giant planets, their satellites, trojan asteroids and some minor planets Jupiter Rings of Jupiter Complete list of Jupiter's natural satellites Galilean moons Io Europa Ganymede Callisto Jupiter trojans Jupiter-crossing minor planets Saturn Rings of Saturn Complete list of Saturn's natural satellites Mimas Enceladus Tethys (trojans: Telesto and Calypso) Dione (trojans: Helene and Polydeuces) Rhea Rings of Rhea (largely disproven) Titan Hyperion Iapetus Phoebe Shepherd moons Saturn trojan (2019 UO14) Saturn-crossing minor planets Uranus Rings of Uranus Complete list of Uranus's natural satellites Miranda Ariel Umbriel Titania Oberon Uranus trojan (2011 QF99) Uranus-crossing minor planets Neptune Rings of Neptune Complete list of Neptune's natural satellites Proteus Triton Nereid Neptune trojans Neptune-crossing minor planets Non-trojan minor planets Centaurs Chiron Chariklo Pholus Damocloids Trans-Neptunian objects (beyond the orbit of Neptune) Kuiper-belt objects (KBOs) Plutinos Orcus, a dwarf planet Vanth Pluto, a dwarf planet Complete list of Pluto's natural satellites Charon Styx Nix Kerberos Hydra Ixion Achlys Lempo Huya Twotinos Cubewanos (classical objects) Haumea, a dwarf planet Namaka Hiʻiaka Quaoar, a dwarf planet Weywot Makemake, a dwarf planet S/2015 (136472) 1 Xewioso Máni Salacia Actaea Aya Varda Ilmarë Varuna Goibniu Ritona Chaos Logos Deucalion Teharonhiawako Borasisi Uni Arrokoth Scattered-disc objects Gonggong, a dwarf planet Xiangliu Eris, a dwarf planet Dysnomia Chiminigagua Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà Gǃòʼé ǃHú (574372) 2010 JO179 (84522) 2002 TC302 (612584) 2003 QX113 (87269) 2000 OO67 2015 TH367 Rumina 2014 UZ224 Detached objects (612911) 2004 XR190 2017 OF201 2012 VP113 (possibly inner Oort cloud) Sedna, a dwarf planet (possibly inner Oort cloud) Oort cloud (hypothetical) Hills cloud/inner Oort cloud Outer Oort cloud The Solar System also contains: Comets List of periodic comets Halley's Comet Comet Encke List of long-period comets Comet Hale-Bopp Comet Hyakutake List of near-parabolic comets Small objects, including: Meteoroids Interplanetary dust Helium focusing cone, around the Sun Human-made objects orbiting the Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, including active artificial satellites and space junk Heliosphere, a bubble in space produced by the solar wind Heliosheath Heliopause Hydrogen wall, a pile up of hydrogen from the interstellar medium
This is a list of Solar System objects by greatest aphelion or the greatest distance from the Sun that the orbit could take it if the Sun and object were the only objects in the universe. It is implied that the object is orbiting the Sun in a two-body solution without the influence of the planets, passing stars, or the galaxy. The aphelion can change significantly due to the gravitational influence of planets and other stars. Most of these objects are comets on a calculated path and may not be directly observable. For instance, comet Hale-Bopp was last seen in 2013 at magnitude 24 and continues to fade, making it invisible to all but the most powerful telescopes. The maximum extent of the region in which the Sun's gravitational field is dominant, the Hill sphere, may extend to 230,000 astronomical units (3.6 light-years) as calculated in the 1960s. But any comet currently more than about 150,000 AU (2 ly) from the Sun can be considered lost to the interstellar medium. The nearest known star is Proxima Centauri at 269,000 AU (4.25 ly), followed by Alpha Centauri at about 4.35 light years. Oort cloud comets orbit the Sun at great distances, but can then be perturbed by passing stars and the galactic tides. As they come into or leave the inner Solar System they may have their orbit changed by the planets, or alternatively be ejected from the Solar System. It is also possible they may collide with the Sun or a planet. S/2021 N 1 (the outermost moon of Neptune) takes over 27 years to orbit Neptune, comets can take up to 30 million years to orbit the Sun, and the Sun orbits the Milky Way in about 230 million years (a galactic year).
This article includes a list of the most massive known objects of the Solar System and partial lists of smaller objects by observed mean radius. These lists can be sorted according to an object's radius and mass and, for the most massive objects, volume, density, and surface gravity, if these values are available. These lists contain the Sun, the planets, dwarf planets, many of the larger small Solar System bodies (which includes the asteroids), all named natural satellites, and a number of smaller objects of historical or scientific interest, such as comets and near-Earth objects. Many trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) have been discovered; in many cases their positions in this list are approximate, as there is frequently a large uncertainty in their estimated diameters due to their distance from Earth. There are uncertainties in the figures for mass and radius, and irregularities in the shape and density, with accuracy often depending on how close the object is to Earth or whether it has been visited by a probe. Solar System objects more massive than 1021 kilograms are known or expected to be approximately spherical. Astronomical bodies relax into rounded shapes (spheroids), achieving hydrostatic equilibrium, when their own gravity is sufficient to overcome the structural strength of their material. It was believed that the cutoff for round objects is somewhere between 100 km and 200 km in radius if they have a large amount of ice in their makeup; however, later studies revealed that icy satellites as large as Iapetus (1,470 kilometers in diameter) are not in hydrostatic equilibrium at this time, and a 2019 assessment suggests that many TNOs in the size range of 400–1,000 kilometers may not even be fully solid bodies, much less gravitationally rounded. Objects that are ellipsoids due to their own gravity are here generally referred to as being "round", whether or not they are actually in equilibrium today, while objects that are clearly not ellipsoidal are referred to as being "irregular". Spheroidal bodies typically have some polar flattening due to the centrifugal force from their rotation, and can sometimes even have quite different equatorial diameters (scalene ellipsoids such as Haumea). Unlike bodies such as Haumea, the irregular bodies have a significantly non-ellipsoidal profile, often with sharp edges. There can be difficulty in determining the diameter (within a factor of about 2) for typical objects beyond Saturn (see: 2060 Chiron § Physical characteristics, for an example). For TNOs there is some confidence in the diameters, but for non-binary TNOs there is no real confidence in the masses/densities. Many TNOs are often just assumed to have Pluto's density of 2.0 g/cm3, but it is just as likely that they have a comet-like density of only 0.5 g/cm3. For example, if a TNO is incorrectly assumed to have a mass of 3.59×1020 kg based on a radius of 350 km with a density of 2 g/cm3 but is later discovered to have a radius of only 175 km with a density of 0.5 g/cm3, its true mass would be only 1.12×1019 kg. The sizes and masses of many of the moons of Jupiter and Saturn are fairly well known due to numerous observations and interactions of the Galileo and Cassini orbiters; however, many of the moons with a radius less than ≈100 km, such as Jupiter's Himalia, have far more uncertain masses. Further out from Saturn, the sizes and masses of objects are less clear. There has not yet been an orbiter around Uranus or Neptune for long-term study of their moons. For the small outer irregular moons of Uranus, such as Sycorax, which were not discovered by the Voyager 2 flyby, even different NASA web pages, such as the National Space Science Data Center and JPL Solar System Dynamics, give somewhat contradictory size and albedo estimates depending on which research paper is being cited.
These Solar System minor planets are the furthest from the Sun as of January 2026. The objects have been categorized by their approximate distance from the Sun on that date, and not by the calculated aphelion of their orbit. The list changes over time because the objects are moving in their orbits. Some objects are inbound and some are outbound. It would be difficult to detect long-distance comets if it were not for their comas, which become visible when heated by the Sun. Distances are measured in astronomical units (AU, Sun–Earth distances). The distances are not the minimum (perihelion) or the maximum (aphelion) that may be achieved by these objects in the future. This list does not include near-parabolic comets of which many are known to be currently more than 100 AU (15 billion km) from the Sun, but are currently too far away to be observed by telescope. Trans-Neptunian objects are typically announced publicly months or years after their discovery, so as to make sure the orbit is correct before announcing it. Due to their greater distance from the Sun and slow movement across the sky, trans-Neptunian objects with observation arcs less than several years often have poorly constrained orbits. Particularly distant objects take several years of observations to establish a crude orbit solution before being announced. For instance, the most distant known trans-Neptunian object 2018 AG37 was discovered by Scott Sheppard in January 2018 but was announced three years later in February 2021.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Joe Louis.
