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MY'STORY

The MOVE Fire

This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985 Philadelphia police fired thousands of rounds at the MOVE house, city officials approved dropping an explosive device on the roof, the resulting fire was allowed to burn, 11 people—including five children—died, and 61 homes were destroyed. Philadelphia City Council later called it a “brutal attack carried out by the City of Philadelphia on its own citizens” and acknowledged that no individual faced criminal consequences for the bombing. One timeline correction worth preserving for the BHP record: the major previous MOVE-police confrontation was August 8, 1978, about seven years before the bombing, not a year or two earlier. Officer James Ramp was killed, other police and firefighters were wounded, nine MOVE members were later convicted, and television cameras recorded police beating Delbert Africa during his arrest. The 1985 MOVE Commission later specifically criticized city planners for failing to adequately use lessons from that 1978 confrontation. And that actually strengthens the point you’re making: 1985 did not happen without precedent or institutional memory. There had already been a deadly confrontation with MOVE, years of conflict, negotiations and police involvement before Osage Avenue.

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BLACK FACTS
The Truths They Never Taught You...

Katherine Johnson — Mathematics to the Moon

Katherine Johnson’s mathematical calculations helped guide some of America’s most important early space missions while she confronted the racial and gender barriers faced by Black women in twentieth-century America.

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BHP gathered finds from its connected research sources. Showing the 4 strongest Black History matches.
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Wikipedia

List of Solar System extremes

This article describes extreme locations of the Solar System. Entries listed in bold are Solar System-wide extremes.

By feature

[edit]
Record Data Feature Ref.
Largest canyon 4000 km long, 200 km wide Valles Marineris, Mars [1]
Tallest mountain 21.9–26 km (13.6–16.2 mi)

25 km (16 mi)

Olympus Mons, Mars

Unnamed mountain, Máni

[2][3]
Tallest volcano 25 km (15.5 mi) Olympus Mons, Mars [4]
Tallest cliff 20 km (12.4 mi) Verona Rupes, Miranda, Uranus [5]
Largest impact crater 2,700 km (1,700 mi) North Polar Basin, Mars [6]

By class

[edit]
Type Average density Average temperature Average surface gravity
Lowest Highest Lowest Highest Lowest Highest
Star 1.4 g/cm3

Sun[7][8]

5778 K

Sun[9][10]

274 m/s2

Sun[11]

Major planet 0.7 g/cm3 Saturn[12][13] 5.51 g/cm3
Earth

[14][15]

73 K

Neptune[16][17][18]

733 K

Venus[19]

3.70 m/s2
Mercury

[18]

23.1 m/s2
Jupiter

[18]

Dwarf planet 1.4 ±0.2 g/cm3 Orcus[20][NB 1] 2.52 ±0.05 g/cm3 Eris[21] 30 K

Makemake

167 K

Ceres

≈0.2 m/s2 Orcus 0.8 m/s2 Eris
Major moon of major or dwarf planet[NB 2] 0.98 g/cm3
Tethys 		3.53 g/cm3
Io
[22][23] 		38 K
Triton
[24] 		250 K
Moon
[25] 		0.064 m/s2 Mimas 1.796 m/s2 Io
Type Escape velocity Mass Volume
(radius)
Lowest Highest Lowest Highest Lowest Highest
Star 617.7 km/s
Sun

[11]

332,830 MEarth
Sun

[26][27]

695,000 km
Sun

[27]

Major planet 4.3 km/s
Mercury
[18] 		59.5 km/s
Jupiter
[18] 		0.055 MEarth
Mercury
[28] 		318 MEarth
Jupiter
[26] 		2500 km
Mercury
[29] 		69886 km
Jupiter
[30]
Dwarf planet ≈0.43 km/s
Orcus 		1.3 km/s
Eris 		0.0000916 MEarth
Orcus[20][NB 3] 		0.0028 MEarth
Eris 		487.3 km
Ceres 		1188 km
Pluto
Major moon of major or dwarf planet[NB 2] 0.16 km/s
Mimas 		2.74 km/s
Ganymede 		0.000006 MEarth
Mimas 		0.0250 MEarth
Ganymede
[31] 		198 km
Mimas 		2634 km
Ganymede
[22][31]
Extreme characteristic Major planet Dwarf planet Major moon
(of a major or dwarf planet)[NB 2]
Densest atmosphere Venus[NB 4]
[32][33] 		Pluto Titan[32]

By object

[edit]
Astronomical body Elevation
(height above/below datum) 		Elevation
(height above/below base) 		Surface temperature
Highest Lowest Highest Lowest Highest Lowest
Sun N/A 5,000,000 K
In a solar flare

[34]

1240 K
In a sunspot

[35]

Mercury 3 kilometres (1.9 mi)
Caloris Montes, northwest Caloris Basin rim mountains

[36][37]

723 K
Dayside of Mercury

[38]

89 K
Permanently shaded polar craters

[39]

Venus 11 kilometres (6.8 mi)
Maxwell Montes, Ishtar Terra

[40][41][42][43]

3 kilometres (1.9 mi)
Diana Chasma, Aphrodite Terra

[43][44]

755 K
lowlands of Venus

[39]

644 K
Maxwell Montes, Ishtar Terra

[39]

Earth 8,848 metres (29,029 ft)
Mount Everest, Nepal - Tibet, China

[45]

10,971 metres (35,994 ft)
Challenger Deep, Mariana Trench, Pacific Ocean

[46]

10,200 metres (33,500 ft)
Mauna Kea, Hawaii, United States of America

[45]

7 kilometres (4.3 mi)
Mariana Trench, Pacific Ocean

[47]

330 K
Furnace Creek Ranch,
Death Valley, United States
(more info) 		184 K
Vostok Station, Antarctica
(more info)
Mars 27 kilometres (17 mi)
Olympus Mons, Tharsis[45] 		6 kilometres (3.7 mi)
Hellas Planitia

[48]

24 kilometres (15 mi)
Olympus Mons, Tharsis[49] 		9 kilometres (5.6 mi)
Melas Chasma, Valles Marineris

[50]

293 K
Martian equator in midsummer day

[51]

120 K
Martian poles in the depths of winter night

[51]

Jupiter N/A 152 K

[52]

110 K

[52]

Saturn N/A 143 K

[53]

82 K

[53]

Uranus N/A 68 K

[54]

59 K

[54]

Neptune N/A 53 K
[55] 		50 K
[55]
Moon 10,786 metres (35,387 ft)
5.4125°, 201.3665°
[56][57] 		9.06 kilometres (5.63 mi)
Antoniadi Crater (-172.58°E, 70.38°S) 		400 K
midday on the equator
[58] 		26 K
Permanently shadowed southwestern edge of the northern polar zone Hermite Crater in winter solstice
[58]
Io 17.3 kilometres (10.7 mi)
Boosaule Montes
[59][60]
Europa 2 kilometres (1.2 mi)
conical mountain (34.5N, 169.5W)
[61] 		132 K
Subsolar temperature
[62]
Ganymede 156 K
Subsolar temperature
[62] 		80 K
Nighttime temperature
[63]
Callisto 168 K
Subsolar temperature
[62] 		80 K
Predawn nighttime temperature
[64]
Titan 2 km (1.2 mi)
Mithrim Montes, Xanadu[65]
Mimas
Enceladus 110 K
Tiger Stripes
[66]
Tethys
Dione
Rhea
Iapetus 20 kilometres (12 mi)Voyager Mountains, equatorial ridge and bulge

[67][68][69]

Ariel
Umbriel
Titania
Oberon
Miranda 20 kilometers (12 mi)

Verona Rupes[5]

Triton
Nereid
Proteus
Charon
Ceres 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi)
Ahuna Mons

[70][71]

235 K

[72]

Pluto 3.4 km (2.1 mi)
Norgay Montes, Tombaugh Regio[73] 		45 K

[74]

35 K

[74]
Eris 41 K

[75]

30 K

[75]

Makemake
Haumea
The bodies included in this table are: (1) planemos; (2) major planets, dwarf planets, or moons of major or dwarf planets, or stars; (3) hydrostatically round so as to be able to provide a geodetic datum line.

By distance

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Though astronomers generally accept Orcus as a dwarf planet, some doubt remains
  2. ^ a b c A major moon is a moon that is hydrostatically round.
  3. ^ Mass calculated using Vanth's estimated mass
  4. ^ As the transition from atmosphere to other is unclear for the giant planets, they are not included in this

References

[edit]
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  2. ^ Vega, P. (11 October 2011). "New View of Vesta Mountain From NASA's Dawn Mission". Jet Propulsion Lab's Dawn mission website. NASA. Archived from the original on 22 October 2011. Retrieved 29 March 2012.
  3. ^ Schenk, P.; Marchi, S.; O'Brien, D.P.; Buczkowski, D.; Jaumann, R.; Yingst, A.; McCord, T.; Gaskell, R.; Roatsch, T.; Keller, H. E.; Raymond, C.A.; Russell, C.T. (1 March 2012). "Mega-Impacts into Planetary Bodies: Global Effects of the Giant Rheasilvia Impact Basin on Vesta". 43rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. The Woodlands, Texas: LPI. p. 2757. Bibcode:2012LPI....43.2757S. contribution 1659, id.2757. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
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[edit]

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List of hypothetical Solar System objects

A hypothetical Solar System object is a planet, natural satellite, subsatellite or similar body in the Solar System whose existence is not known, but has been inferred from observational scientific evidence. Over the years a number of hypothetical planets have been proposed, and many have been disproved. However, even today there is scientific speculation about the possibility of planets yet unknown that may exist beyond the range of our current knowledge.

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Wikipedia

List of Solar System objects

The following is a list of Solar System objects by orbit, ordered by increasing distance from the Sun. Most named objects in this list have a diameter of 500 km or more. The Sun, a spectral class G2V main-sequence star The inner Solar System and the terrestrial planets Mercury Mercury-crossing minor planets Venus Venus-crossing minor planets Zoozve, Venus' quasi-satellite Earth Moon Near-Earth asteroids 2021 PH27 Apophis Eros Earth trojans (2010 TK7) Earth-crosser asteroids Earth's quasi-satellites Mars Deimos Phobos Mars trojans Mars-crossing minor planets Asteroids in the asteroid belt, between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter Ceres, a dwarf planet Vesta Pallas Hygiea Europa (asteroid) Interamnia Davida Sylvia Asteroids number in the hundreds of thousands. For longer lists, see list of exceptional asteroids, list of asteroids, or list of Solar System objects by size. Asteroid moons A number of smaller groups distinct from the asteroid belt The outer Solar System with the giant planets, their satellites, trojan asteroids and some minor planets Jupiter Rings of Jupiter Complete list of Jupiter's natural satellites Galilean moons Io Europa Ganymede Callisto Jupiter trojans Jupiter-crossing minor planets Saturn Rings of Saturn Complete list of Saturn's natural satellites Mimas Enceladus Tethys (trojans: Telesto and Calypso) Dione (trojans: Helene and Polydeuces) Rhea Rings of Rhea (largely disproven) Titan Hyperion Iapetus Phoebe Shepherd moons Saturn trojan (2019 UO14) Saturn-crossing minor planets Uranus Rings of Uranus Complete list of Uranus's natural satellites Miranda Ariel Umbriel Titania Oberon Uranus trojan (2011 QF99) Uranus-crossing minor planets Neptune Rings of Neptune Complete list of Neptune's natural satellites Proteus Triton Nereid Neptune trojans Neptune-crossing minor planets Non-trojan minor planets Centaurs Chiron Chariklo Pholus Damocloids Trans-Neptunian objects (beyond the orbit of Neptune) Kuiper-belt objects (KBOs) Plutinos Orcus, a dwarf planet Vanth Pluto, a dwarf planet Complete list of Pluto's natural satellites Charon Styx Nix Kerberos Hydra Ixion Achlys Lempo Huya Twotinos Cubewanos (classical objects) Haumea, a dwarf planet Namaka Hiʻiaka Quaoar, a dwarf planet Weywot Makemake, a dwarf planet S/2015 (136472) 1 Xewioso Máni Salacia Actaea Aya Varda Ilmarë Varuna Goibniu Ritona Chaos Logos Deucalion Teharonhiawako Borasisi Uni Arrokoth Scattered-disc objects Gonggong, a dwarf planet Xiangliu Eris, a dwarf planet Dysnomia Chiminigagua Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà Gǃòʼé ǃHú (574372) 2010 JO179 (84522) 2002 TC302 (612584) 2003 QX113 (87269) 2000 OO67 2015 TH367 Rumina 2014 UZ224 Detached objects (612911) 2004 XR190 2017 OF201 2012 VP113 (possibly inner Oort cloud) Sedna, a dwarf planet (possibly inner Oort cloud) Oort cloud (hypothetical) Hills cloud/inner Oort cloud Outer Oort cloud The Solar System also contains: Comets List of periodic comets Halley's Comet Comet Encke List of long-period comets Comet Hale-Bopp Comet Hyakutake List of near-parabolic comets Small objects, including: Meteoroids Interplanetary dust Helium focusing cone, around the Sun Human-made objects orbiting the Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, including active artificial satellites and space junk Heliosphere, a bubble in space produced by the solar wind Heliosheath Heliopause Hydrogen wall, a pile up of hydrogen from the interstellar medium

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List of Solar System objects most distant from the Sun

These Solar System minor planets are the furthest from the Sun as of January 2026. The objects have been categorized by their approximate distance from the Sun on that date, and not by the calculated aphelion of their orbit. The list changes over time because the objects are moving in their orbits. Some objects are inbound and some are outbound. It would be difficult to detect long-distance comets if it were not for their comas, which become visible when heated by the Sun. Distances are measured in astronomical units (AU, Sun–Earth distances). The distances are not the minimum (perihelion) or the maximum (aphelion) that may be achieved by these objects in the future. This list does not include near-parabolic comets of which many are known to be currently more than 100 AU (15 billion km) from the Sun, but are currently too far away to be observed by telescope. Trans-Neptunian objects are typically announced publicly months or years after their discovery, so as to make sure the orbit is correct before announcing it. Due to their greater distance from the Sun and slow movement across the sky, trans-Neptunian objects with observation arcs less than several years often have poorly constrained orbits. Particularly distant objects take several years of observations to establish a crude orbit solution before being announced. For instance, the most distant known trans-Neptunian object 2018 AG37 was discovered by Scott Sheppard in January 2018 but was announced three years later in February 2021.

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Wikipedia

List of Solar System extremes

This article describes extreme locations of the Solar System. Entries listed in bold are Solar System-wide extremes.

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TOPIC OF THE DAY

Greenwood / Black Wall Street

Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.

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TRIVIA QUESTION OF THE DAY

What prosperous Tulsa district became widely known as “Black Wall Street”?

The Greenwood District.