Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
Mansa Musa was the ruler of the Mali Empire in West Africa. Details recorded here should be sourced; unknown information is left blank.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
This is a list of ISO 639-3 language codes starting with L.
Index | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z
Abbreviations are used in the table as follows:
Deprecated codes are enclosed in (parentheses).[3]
The column Family contains the generic English name of the language's family or macrolanguage.
| ISO 639 codes | Scope/Type | Family | Language names | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 639-3 | 639-1 | 639-2/B | Native | ISO name | ||
laa
|
I/L | Southern Subanen | ||||
lab
|
I/H | unclassified | Linear A | |||
lac
|
I/L | Lacandon | ||||
lad
|
lad |
I/L | ג'ודיאו–איספאנייול | Ladino | ||
lae
|
I/L | Pattani | ||||
laf
|
I/L | Lafofa | ||||
lag
|
I/L | Atlantic–Congo | Kɨlaangi | Rangi | ||
lah
|
lah |
M/L | ਲਹਿੰਦੀ | Lahnda | ||
lai
|
I/L | Lambya | ||||
laj
|
I/L | Lango (Uganda) | ||||
(lak)
|
I/L | Laka (Nigeria) | ||||
lal
|
I/L | Lalia | ||||
lam
|
lam |
I/L | Lamba | |||
lan
|
I/L | Laru | ||||
lao
|
lo |
lao |
I/L | Tai–Kadai | ພາສາລາວ | Lao |
lap
|
I/L | Laka (Chad) | ||||
laq
|
I/L | Qabiao | ||||
lar
|
I/L | Larteh | ||||
las
|
I/L | Lama (Togo) | ||||
lat
|
la |
lat |
I/H | Indo-European | lingua Latīna | Latin |
lau
|
I/L | Laba | ||||
lav
|
lv |
lav |
M/L | Indo-European | latviešu | Latvian |
law
|
I/L | Lauje | ||||
lax
|
I/L | Tiwa | ||||
lay
|
I/L | Sino-Tibetan | Lama Bai | |||
laz
|
I/E | Aribwatsa | ||||
(lba)
|
I/E | spurious language | Lui | |||
lbb
|
I/L | Label | ||||
lbc
|
I/L | Lakkia | ||||
lbe
|
I/L | лакку | Lak | |||
lbf
|
I/L | Tinani | ||||
lbg
|
I/L | Laopang | ||||
lbi
|
I/L | La'bi | ||||
lbj
|
I/L | Ladakhi | ||||
lbk
|
I/L | Central Bontok | ||||
lbl
|
I/L | Libon Bikol | ||||
lbm
|
I/L | Lodhi | ||||
lbn
|
I/L | Rmeet | ||||
lbo
|
I/L | Laven | ||||
lbq
|
I/L | Wampar | ||||
lbr
|
I/L | Lohorung | ||||
lbs
|
I/L | Libyan Sign Language | ||||
lbt
|
I/L | Lachi | ||||
lbu
|
I/L | Labu | ||||
lbv
|
I/L | Lavatbura-Lamusong | ||||
lbw
|
I/L | Tolaki | ||||
lbx
|
I/L | Lawangan | ||||
lby
|
I/E | Lamalama; Lamu-Lamu | ||||
lbz
|
I/L | Lardil | ||||
lcc
|
I/L | Legenyem | ||||
lcd
|
I/L | Lola | ||||
lce
|
I/L | Loncong; Sekak | ||||
lcf
|
I/L | Lubu | ||||
lch
|
I/L | Luchazi | ||||
lcl
|
I/L | Lisela | ||||
lcm
|
I/L | Tungag | ||||
lcp
|
I/L | Western Lawa | ||||
lcq
|
I/L | Luhu | ||||
lcs
|
I/L | Lisabata-Nuniali | ||||
lda
|
I/L | Kla-Dan | ||||
ldb
|
I/L | Dũya | ||||
ldd
|
I/L | Luri | ||||
ldg
|
I/L | Lenyima | ||||
ldh
|
I/L | Lamja-Dengsa-Tola | ||||
ldi
|
I/L | Laari | ||||
ldj
|
I/L | Lemoro | ||||
ldk
|
I/L | Leelau | ||||
ldl
|
I/L | Kaan | ||||
ldm
|
I/L | Landoma | ||||
ldn
|
I/C | Láadan | ||||
ldo
|
I/L | Loo | ||||
ldp
|
I/L | Tso | ||||
ldq
|
I/L | Lufu | ||||
lea
|
I/L | Lega-Shabunda | ||||
leb
|
I/L | Lala-Bisa | ||||
lec
|
I/L | Leco | ||||
led
|
I/L | Lendu | ||||
lee
|
I/L | Lyélé | ||||
lef
|
I/L | Lelemi | ||||
(leg)
|
I/L | Lengua | ||||
leh
|
I/L | Lenje | ||||
lei
|
I/L | Lemio | ||||
lej
|
I/L | Lengola | ||||
lek
|
I/L | Leipon | ||||
lel
|
I/L | Lele (Democratic Republic of Congo) | ||||
lem
|
I/L | Nomaande | ||||
len
|
I/E | Lenca | ||||
leo
|
I/L | Leti (Cameroon) | ||||
lep
|
I/L | Sino-Tibetan | ᰛᰩᰵᰛᰧᰵᰶ | Lepcha | ||
leq
|
I/L | Lembena | ||||
ler
|
I/L | Lenkau | ||||
les
|
I/L | Lese | ||||
let
|
I/L | Amio-Gelimi; Lesing-Gelimi | ||||
leu
|
I/L | Kara (Papua New Guinea) | ||||
lev
|
I/L | Lamma | ||||
lew
|
I/L | Ledo Kaili | ||||
lex
|
I/L | Luang | ||||
ley
|
I/L | Lemolang | ||||
lez
|
lez |
I/L | лезги | Lezghian | ||
lfa
|
I/L | Lefa | ||||
lfb
|
I/L | Niger–Congo? | Nubabo | Buu (Cameroon) | ||
lfn
|
I/C | Lingua Franca Nova | ||||
lga
|
I/L | Lungga | ||||
lgb
|
I/L | Laghu | ||||
lgg
|
I/L | Lugbara | ||||
lgh
|
I/L | Laghuu | ||||
lgi
|
I/L | Lengilu | ||||
lgk
|
I/L | Lingarak; Neverver | ||||
lgl
|
I/L | Wala | ||||
lgm
|
I/L | Lega-Mwenga | ||||
lgn
|
I/L | Opuuo; T'apo | ||||
lgo
|
I/L | Nilo-Saharan | Lango (South Sudan) | |||
lgq
|
I/L | Logba | ||||
lgr
|
I/L | Lengo | ||||
lgs
|
I/L | Guinea-Bissau Sign Language; Língua Gestual Guineense | ||||
lgt
|
I/L | Pahi | ||||
lgu
|
I/L | Longgu | ||||
lgz
|
I/L | Ligenza | ||||
lha
|
I/L | Laha (Viet Nam) | ||||
lhh
|
I/L | Laha (Indonesia) | ||||
lhi
|
I/L | Sino-Tibetan | Ladhofshi | Lahu Shi | ||
lhl
|
I/L | Lahul Lohar | ||||
lhm
|
I/L | Lhomi | ||||
lhn
|
I/L | Lahanan | ||||
lhp
|
I/L | Sino-Tibetan | Lhobikha | Lhokpu | ||
lhs
|
I/E | Mlahsö | ||||
lht
|
I/L | Lo-Toga | ||||
lhu
|
I/L | Sino-Tibetan | Laˇhuˍ hkawˇ | Lahu | ||
lia
|
I/L | West-Central Limba | ||||
lib
|
I/L | Likum | ||||
lic
|
I/L | Hlai | ||||
lid
|
I/L | Nyindrou | ||||
lie
|
I/L | Likila | ||||
lif
|
I/L | Sino-Tibetan | ᤕᤠᤰᤌᤢᤱ ᤐᤠᤴ | Limbu | ||
lig
|
I/L | Ligbi | ||||
lih
|
I/L | Lihir | ||||
(lii)
|
I/L | Lingkhim | ||||
lij
|
I/L | Indo-European | líguru | Ligurian | ||
lik
|
I/L | Lika | ||||
lil
|
I/L | Sƛ’aƛ’imxǝc | Lillooet | |||
lim
|
li |
lim |
I/L | Indo-European | Lèmburgs | Limburgan; Limburger; Limburgish |
lin
|
ln |
lin |
I/L | Niger–Congo | Lingala | Lingala |
lio
|
I/L | Liki | ||||
lip
|
I/L | Sekpele | ||||
liq
|
I/L | Libido | ||||
lir
|
I/L | Liberian English | ||||
lis
|
I/L | Sino-Tibetan | ꓡꓲ-ꓢꓴ ꓥꓳ | Lisu | ||
lit
|
lt |
lit |
I/L | Indo-European | lietuvių | Lithuanian |
liu
|
I/L | Logorik | ||||
liv
|
I/L | Liv | ||||
liw
|
I/L | Col | ||||
lix
|
I/L | Liabuku | ||||
liy
|
I/L | Banda-Bambari | ||||
liz
|
I/L | Libinza | ||||
lja
|
I/E | Golpa | ||||
lje
|
I/L | Rampi | ||||
lji
|
I/L | Laiyolo | ||||
ljl
|
I/L | Li'o | ||||
ljp
|
I/L | Lampung Api | ||||
ljw
|
I/L | Yirandali | ||||
ljx
|
I/E | Yuru | ||||
lka
|
I/L | Lakalei | ||||
lkb
|
I/L | Kabras; Lukabaras | ||||
lkc
|
I/L | Sino-Tibetan | Kucong | |||
lkd
|
I/L | Lakondê | ||||
lke
|
I/L | Kenyi | ||||
lkh
|
I/L | Lakha | ||||
lki
|
I/L | له کی له کستان | Laki | |||
lkj
|
I/L | Remun | ||||
lkl
|
I/L | Laeko-Libuat | ||||
lkm
|
I/E | Kalaamaya | ||||
lkn
|
I/L | Lakon; Vure | ||||
lko
|
I/L | Khayo; Olukhayo | ||||
lkr
|
I/L | Päri | ||||
lks
|
I/L | Kisa; Olushisa | ||||
lkt
|
I/L | Lakȟótiyapi | Lakota | |||
lku
|
I/E | Kungkari | ||||
lky
|
I/L | Lokoya | ||||
lla
|
I/L | Lala-Roba | ||||
llb
|
I/L | Lolo | ||||
llc
|
I/L | Lele (Guinea) | ||||
lld
|
I/L | ladin | Ladin | |||
lle
|
I/L | Lele (Papua New Guinea) | ||||
llf
|
I/E | Hermit | ||||
llg
|
I/L | Lole | ||||
llh
|
I/L | Lamu | ||||
lli
|
I/L | Teke-Laali | ||||
llj
|
I/E | Ladji Ladji | ||||
llk
|
I/E | Lelak | ||||
lll
|
I/L | Lilau | ||||
llm
|
I/L | Lasalimu | ||||
lln
|
I/L | Lele (Chad) | ||||
(llo)
|
I/L | spurious language | Khlor | |||
llp
|
I/L | North Efate | ||||
llq
|
I/L | Lolak | ||||
lls
|
I/L | Lithuanian Sign Language | ||||
llu
|
I/L | Lau | ||||
llx
|
I/L | Lauan | ||||
lma
|
I/L | East Limba | ||||
lmb
|
I/L | Merei | ||||
lmc
|
I/E | Limilngan | ||||
lmd
|
I/L | Lumun | ||||
lme
|
I/L | Pévé | ||||
lmf
|
I/L | South Lembata | ||||
lmg
|
I/L | Lamogai | ||||
lmh
|
I/L | Sino-Tibetan | याक्खा | Lambichhong | ||
lmi
|
I/L | Lombi | ||||
lmj
|
I/L | West Lembata | ||||
lmk
|
I/L | Lamkang | ||||
lml
|
I/L | Hano | ||||
(lmm)
|
I/L | spurious language | Lamam | |||
lmn
|
I/L | Lambadi | ||||
lmo
|
I/L | lumbard | Lombard | |||
lmp
|
I/L | Limbum | ||||
lmq
|
I/L | Lamatuka | ||||
lmr
|
I/L | Lamalera | ||||
(lms)
|
I/L | Limousin | ||||
(lmt)
|
I/L | Lematang | ||||
lmu
|
I/L | Lamenu | ||||
lmv
|
I/L | Lomaiviti | ||||
lmw
|
I/L | Lake Miwok | ||||
lmx
|
I/L | Laimbue | ||||
lmy
|
I/L | Lamboya | ||||
(lmz)
|
I/E | spurious language | Lumbee | |||
lna
|
I/L | Langbashe | ||||
lnb
|
I/L | Mbalanhu | ||||
(lnc)
|
I/L | Languedocien | ||||
lnd
|
I/L | Lun Bawang; Lundayeh | ||||
lng
|
I/H | Langobardic | ||||
lnh
|
I/L | Lanoh | ||||
lni
|
I/L | Daantanai' | ||||
lnj
|
I/E | Leningitij | ||||
lnl
|
I/L | South Central Banda | ||||
lnm
|
I/L | Langam | ||||
lnn
|
I/L | Lorediakarkar | ||||
(lno)
|
I/L | Lango (South Sudan) | ||||
lns
|
I/L | Lamnso' | ||||
(lnt)
|
I/L | Lintang | ||||
lnu
|
I/L | Longuda | ||||
lnw
|
I/E | Lanima | ||||
lnz
|
I/L | Lonzo | ||||
loa
|
I/L | Loloda | ||||
lob
|
I/L | Lobi | ||||
loc
|
I/L | Inonhan | ||||
(lod)
|
I/L | Berawan | ||||
loe
|
I/L | Saluan | ||||
lof
|
I/L | Logol | ||||
log
|
I/L | Logo | ||||
loh
|
I/L | Southern Eastern Sudanic | Narim, Laarim | Laarim; Narim | ||
loi
|
I/L | Loma (Côte d'Ivoire) | ||||
loj
|
I/L | Lou | ||||
lok
|
I/L | Loko | ||||
lol
|
lol |
I/L | Mongo | |||
lom
|
I/L | Lö(g)ömàgòòi | Loma (Liberia) | |||
lon
|
I/L | Malawi Lomwe | ||||
loo
|
I/L | Lombo | ||||
lop
|
I/L | Lopa | ||||
loq
|
I/L | Lobala | ||||
lor
|
I/L | Téén | ||||
los
|
I/L | Loniu | ||||
lot
|
I/L | Otuho | ||||
lou
|
I/L | Louisiana Creole | ||||
lov
|
I/L | Lopi | ||||
low
|
I/L | Tampias Lobu | ||||
lox
|
I/L | Loun | ||||
loy
|
I/L | Loke | ||||
loz
|
loz |
I/L | siLozi | Lozi | ||
lpa
|
I/L | Lelepa | ||||
lpe
|
I/L | Lepki | ||||
lpn
|
I/L | Long Phuri Naga | ||||
lpo
|
I/L | Lipo | ||||
lpx
|
I/L | Lopit | ||||
lqr
|
I/L | Nilo-Saharan | Logir | |||
lra
|
I/L | Rara Bakati' | ||||
lrc
|
I/L | Northern Luri | ||||
lre
|
I/E | Laurentian | ||||
lrg
|
I/E | Laragia | ||||
lri
|
I/L | Marachi; Olumarachi | ||||
lrk
|
I/L | Loarki | ||||
lrl
|
I/L | Lari | ||||
lrm
|
I/L | Marama; Olumarama | ||||
lrn
|
I/L | Lorang | ||||
lro
|
I/L | Laro | ||||
lrr
|
I/L | Southern Yamphu | ||||
lrt
|
I/L | Larantuka Malay | ||||
lrv
|
I/L | Larevat | ||||
lrz
|
I/L | Lemerig | ||||
lsa
|
I/L | Lasgerdi | ||||
lsb
|
I/L | Burundian Sign Language; Langue des Signes Burundaise | ||||
lsc
|
I/L | Albarradas Sign Language; Lengua de señas Albarradas | ||||
lsd
|
I/L | Lishana Deni | ||||
lse
|
I/L | Lusengo | ||||
(lsg)
|
I/L | spurious language | Lyons Sign Language | |||
lsh
|
I/L | Sino-Tibetan | Lishpa | Lish | ||
lsi
|
I/L | Lashi | ||||
lsl
|
I/L | Latvian Sign Language | ||||
lsm
|
I/L | Olusamia; Saamia | ||||
lsn
|
I/L | Tibetan Sign Language | ||||
lso
|
I/L | Laos Sign Language | ||||
lsp
|
I/L | Lengua de Señas Panameñas; Panamanian Sign Language | ||||
lsr
|
I/L | Aruop | ||||
lss
|
I/L | Lasi | ||||
lst
|
I/L | Trinidad and Tobago Sign Language | ||||
lsv
|
I/L | Sivia Sign Language | ||||
lsw
|
I/L | unclear | Seychelles Sign Language; Lalang Siny Seselwa; Langue des Signes Seychelloise | |||
lsy
|
I/L | Mauritian Sign Language | ||||
ltc
|
I/H | Sino-Tibetan | Late Middle Chinese | |||
ltg
|
I/L | Latgalian | ||||
lth
|
I/L | Nilo-Saharan | Thur | |||
lti
|
I/L | Leti (Indonesia) | ||||
ltn
|
I/L | Latundê | ||||
lto
|
I/L | Olutsotso; Tsotso | ||||
lts
|
I/L | Lutachoni; Tachoni | ||||
ltu
|
I/L | Latu | ||||
ltz
|
lb |
ltz |
I/L | Indo-European | Lëtzebuergesch | Letzeburgesch; Luxembourgish |
lua
|
lua |
I/L | Niger–Congo | lwaà: | Luba-Lulua | |
lub
|
lu |
lub |
I/L | Niger–Congo | Luba-Katanga | |
luc
|
I/L | Aringa | ||||
lud
|
I/L | lüüdi | Ludian | |||
lue
|
I/L | Luvale | ||||
luf
|
I/L | Laua | ||||
lug
|
lg |
lug |
I/L | Niger–Congo | Luganda | Ganda |
luh
|
I/L | Sino-Tibetan | 雷州话 | Leizhou Chinese | ||
lui
|
lui |
I/E | Uto-Aztecan | Chamꞌteela | Luiseño | |
luj
|
I/L | Luna | ||||
luk
|
I/L | Lunanakha | ||||
lul
|
I/L | Olu'bo | ||||
lum
|
I/L | Luimbi | ||||
lun
|
lun |
I/L | chiLunda | Lunda | ||
luo
|
luo |
I/L | Dholuo | Dholuo; Luo (Kenya and Tanzania) | ||
lup
|
I/L | Lumbu | ||||
luq
|
I/L | Lucumí | Lucumi | |||
lur
|
I/L | Laura | ||||
lus
|
lus |
I/L | Sino-Tibetan | Mizo ṭawng | Lushai | |
lut
|
I/E | Dəxʷləšucid | Lushootseed | |||
luu
|
I/L | Sino-Tibetan | याक्खा | Lumba-Yakkha | ||
luv
|
I/L | Luwati | ||||
luw
|
I/L | unclassified | Luo (Cameroon) | |||
luy
|
M/L | Luyia; Oluluyia | ||||
luz
|
I/L | Southern Luri | ||||
lva
|
I/L | Maku'a | ||||
lvi
|
I/L | Austronesian | Lavi | |||
lvk
|
I/L | Lavukaleve | ||||
lvl
|
I/L | Niger–Congo | Lwel | |||
lvs
|
I/L | Standard Latvian | ||||
lvu
|
I/L | Levuka | ||||
lwa
|
I/L | Lwalu | ||||
lwe
|
I/L | Lewo Eleng | ||||
lwg
|
I/L | Oluwanga; Wanga | ||||
lwh
|
I/L | White Lachi | ||||
lwl
|
I/L | Eastern Lawa | ||||
lwm
|
I/L | Laomian | ||||
lwo
|
I/L | Luwo | ||||
lws
|
I/L | Malawian Sign Language | ||||
lwt
|
I/L | Lewotobi | ||||
lwu
|
I/L | Lawu | ||||
lww
|
I/L | Lewo | ||||
lxm
|
I/L | Austronesian | Lakurumau | |||
lya
|
I/L | Layakha | ||||
lyg
|
I/L | Lyngngam | ||||
lyn
|
I/L | Luyana | ||||
lzh
|
I/H | Sino-Tibetan | 文言(文) | Literary Chinese | ||
lzl
|
I/L | Litzlitz | ||||
lzn
|
I/L | Leinong Naga | ||||
lzz
|
I/L | ლაზური | Laz | |||
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Lwalu, also known as Lwalwa and Khongo, is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola. Its classification is uncertain: Nurse (2003), following Ahmed (1995), assigns all of Guthrie's L.20 languages to Luban, including Lwalu. Maho (2009) lists L.22 Mbagani (which has no ISO code) as closely related. Mbagani is also called Binji, and has been confused in the literature with the Binji language. Ethnologue labels the area Maho assigns to Mbagani as Songe.
Songe, also known as Songye, Kisonge, Lusonge, Yembe, and Northeast Luba, is a Bantu language spoken by the Songye people in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In particular, it is spoken in the provinces of Kasai Oriental, Lomami, Sankuru, Tanganyika, and Maniema. Ethnologue notes that Songe is "related" to Mbagani, which they do not include in their database. Maho (2009) labels as "Mbagani (Binji)" one of the two geographic areas Ethnologue assigns to Songe, but says that it is closer to Lwalu; he says that it is a different language, Binji, that is close to Songe.
This is a list of ISO 639-3 language codes starting with L. Index | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z Abbreviations are used in the table as follows: Scope: I = individual language, M = macrolanguage, S = special code Type: C = constructed, E = extinct (in recent times), H = historical (distinct from its modern form), L = living, S = special code Deprecated codes are enclosed in (parentheses). The column Family contains the generic English name of the language's family or macrolanguage.
The Kavango – Southwest Bantu languages are a group of Bantu languages established by Anita Pfouts (2003). The Southwest Bantu languages constitute most of Guthrie's Zone R. The languages, or clusters, along with their Guthrie identifications, are: Kavango (K30) Kwangali Gciriku (Manyo) ? Mashi, Simaa, Mbowe, Shanjo, Kwangwa Southwest Bantu Ovambo (R20): Kwanyama, Ndonga, Kwambi, Ngandyera, Mbalanhu Khumbi (Ngumbi, R10) ? Ndombe Nyaneka (R10) Ngambwe (ex-Nyaneka dialect) Hakaona (ex-Herero dialect) Herero (R30): Herero, Zemba Though not explicitly classified, Ndombe (R10) is presumably SW Bantu, and Mashi, Simaa (K30) Kavango. Maho (2009) adds Mbowe, Shanjo, and Kwangwa, as well as splitting off several varieties of these as distinct languages, such as Kuvale (R30 > R10). However, Mbukushu, Luyana, and Yeyi, sometimes included with these languages, appear to be more divergent lineages of Bantu. Previous, and more extensive, versions (Nurse 2003) included K10 Chokwe–Luchazi, L10 Pende, L50 Lunda, L60 Nkoya, H21 Kimbundu, the rest of R (Umbundu, Yeyi), and perhaps L21 Kete, L22 Lwalu, H13b Suundi. Maho (2009) differentiates Herero proper, R.31, from North-West Herero (Kaokoland Herero, including Zemba and presumably Hakaona), R.311, and Botswana Herero (including Mahalapye Herero), R.312. Kuvale is moved to zone R.10 as R.101.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →The Greenwood District.