Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
Katherine Johnson’s mathematical calculations helped guide some of America’s most important early space missions while she confronted the racial and gender barriers faced by Black women in twentieth-century America.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
| Jofotek-Bromnya | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | West Papua |
Native speakers | 200 (2007)[1] |
Foja Range (Tor–Kwerba)
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | jbr – inclusive codeIndividual code: mqr – Mander |
| Glottolog | jofo1235 Jofotek-Bromnyamand1443 Mander |
| ELP | Mander |
Jofotek-Bromnya is a Papuan language of Sarmi Regency, Papua, Indonesia.
There are two dialects:[2]
Colonial records of Mander show it to be the same language.
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Jofotek-Bromnya is a Papuan language of Sarmi Regency, Papua, Indonesia. There are two dialects: Bromnya dialect, spoken in Srum village, Bonggo subdistrict Jofotek dialect, spoken in Biridua village, Pantai Timur subdistrict Colonial records of Mander show it to be the same language.
Carnival confession (German: Die Fastnachtsbeichte), by Carl Zuckmayer, is one of the better-known examples of German literature regarding Mainz carnival. The novel was published first in English language, by John Geoffrey Gryles Mander and Necke Mander, in 1961 in London.
Indonesian (bahasa Indonesia) is the official and national language of Indonesia. It is a standardized variety of Malay, an Austronesian pluricentric macrolanguage that has been used as a lingua franca in the multilingual Indonesian archipelago for centuries. With over 280 million inhabitants, Indonesia ranks as the fourth-most populous nation globally. According to the 2020 census, over 97% of Indonesians are fluent in Indonesian, making it the largest language by number of speakers in Southeast Asia and one of the most widely spoken languages in the world. Indonesian vocabulary has been influenced by various native regional languages such as Javanese, Sundanese, Minangkabau, Balinese, Banjarese, and Buginese, as well as by foreign languages such as Arabic, Dutch, Hokkien, Portuguese, Sanskrit, and English. Most Indonesians, aside from speaking the national language, are fluent in at least one of the more than 700 indigenous local languages; examples include Javanese and Sundanese, which are commonly used at home and within the local community. However, most formal education and nearly all national mass media, governance, administration, and judiciary and other forms of communication are conducted in Indonesian. Under Indonesian rule from 1976 to 1999, Indonesian was designated as the official language of East Timor. It has the status of a working language under the country's constitution along with English. In November 2023, the Indonesian language was recognized as one of the official languages of the UNESCO General Conference. The term Indonesian is primarily associated with the national standard dialect (bahasa baku). However, in a looser sense, it also encompasses the various local dialects and varieties spoken throughout the Indonesian archipelago. Standard Indonesian is confined mostly to formal situations, existing in a diglossic relationship with vernacular Malay varieties, which are commonly used for daily communication, coexisting with the aforementioned regional languages and with Malay creoles; standard Indonesian is spoken in informal speech as a lingua franca between vernacular Malay dialects, Malay creoles, and regional languages.
Tetun (Tetun [ˈt̪et̪un̪] ; Indonesian: Bahasa Tetun; Portuguese: Tétum [ˈtɛtũ]) is an Austronesian language spoken on the island of Timor. It is one of the official languages of Timor-Leste and it is also spoken in Belu Regency and Malaka Regency, which form the eastern part of Indonesian West Timor adjoining Timor-Leste. There are two main forms of Tetun as a language: Tetun Terik, which is a more indigenous form of Tetun marked by different word choice, less foreign influence and other characteristics such as verb conjugation Tetun Prasa ('market Tetun', from the Portuguese word praça meaning 'town square') or Tetun Dili (given its widespread usage in the capital Dili). This is the form of Tetun (heavily influenced by Portuguese) that developed in Dili during colonial rule as local Tetun speakers came into contact with Portuguese missionaries, traders and colonial rulers. In Timor-Leste, Tetun Dili is widely spoken fluently as a second language. Ethnologue classifies Tetun Terik as a dialect of Tetun. However, without previous contact, Tetun Dili is not immediately mutually intelligible, mainly because of the large number of Portuguese origin words used in Tetun Dili. Besides some grammatical simplification, Tetun Dili has been greatly influenced by the vocabulary and to a small extent by the grammar of Portuguese, the other official language of Timor-Leste.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →The Greenwood District.