Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
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Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
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Katherine Johnson’s mathematical calculations helped guide some of America’s most important early space missions while she confronted the racial and gender barriers faced by Black women in twentieth-century America.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
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| Formation | 1995 |
|---|---|
Chair | Wolfgang Dahmen |
| Website | http://focm-society.org/ |
Foundations of Computational Mathematics (FoCM) is an international nonprofit organization that supports and promotes research at the interface of mathematics and computation. It fosters interaction among mathematics, computer science, and other areas of computational science through conferences, events and publications.
FoCM aims to explore the relationship between mathematics and computation, focusing both on the search for mathematical solutions to computational problems and computational solutions to mathematical problems. Topics of central interest in the Society include but are not restricted to:
The Society for the Foundations of Computational Mathematics was launched in the Northern summer of 1995, following a month-long AMS–SIAM Summer Seminar in Park City, Utah, which was organized principally by Stephen Smale. That meeting hosted a number of sub-conferences on the frontier of Mathematics and Computation, focusing on many topics from numerical analysis and on the importance of a foundational theory of real number computation. The main thrust was on creating a shared intellectual space for activity bringing together computation and mathematics. During the final week at Michael Shub's behest an informal lunch was arranged where Felipe Cucker, Arieh Iserles, Narendra Karmarkar, James Renegar, Michael Shub and Stephen Smale decided to go ahead and create a permanent entity that would organize periodic conferences covering subjects in the interplay between these two areas. After a discussion, the name Foundations of Computational Mathematics was settled, and Michael Shub was chosen to lead the initiative with a little team formed by himself, Arieh Iserles and James Renegar.
The first FoCM conference took place in Rio de Janeiro and was hosted by IMPA with the support of its then-director Jacob Palis. Several conferences were organized later (see below), bringing together some of the world leading mathematicians and computer scientists, although the society was not formally established as a legal entity until 1999 simultaneously with the creation of the journal Foundations of Computational Mathematics. Ever since, its main activities are its triennial meetings, special semesters and the support of the FoCM journal, as well as general advocacy of the mathematical areas underlying computation.
The main FoCM conference is held every three years. Previous meetings include:
These conferences aim to cover the entire spectrum of mathematical computation. In addition to that, specialized events focusing on particular research topics are organized by the society, including:
Since January 2001, FoCM supports the journal Foundations of Computational Mathematics. Editors in Chief of the journal:[1]
The Chair of FoCM is elected every 3 years. This position has been held by various mathematicians worldwide.
FoCM awards the Stephen Smale Prize, whose objective is to recognize the work of a young mathematician in the areas at the heart of the society's interests and to help to promote his or her integration among the leaders of the scientific community. Smale Prize recipients:
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Mathematics of Computation is a bimonthly mathematics journal focused on computational mathematics. It was established in 1943 as Mathematical Tables and Other Aids to Computation, obtaining its current name in 1960. Articles older than five years are available electronically free of charge. Past editors have included Raymond C. Archibald, D. H. Lehmer, Eugene Isaacson, and Walter Gautschi, with Leslie Comrie providing 'cooperation' in editing during 1944-1949.
Foundations of Computational Mathematics (FoCM) is an international nonprofit organization that supports and promotes research at the interface of mathematics and computation. It fosters interaction among mathematics, computer science, and other areas of computational science through conferences, events and publications.
In theoretical computer science and mathematics, the theory of computation is the branch that deals with what problems can be solved on a model of computation using an algorithm, how efficiently they can be solved and to what degree (e.g., approximate solutions versus precise ones). The field is divided into three major branches: automata theory and formal languages, computability theory, and computational complexity theory, which are linked by the question: "What are the fundamental capabilities and limitations of computers?". In order to perform a rigorous study of computation, computer scientists work with a mathematical abstraction of computers called a model of computation. Several models exist for this purpose, such as the Turing machine. Computer scientists study the Turing machine because it is simple to formulate, can be analyzed and used to prove results, and because it represents what many consider the most powerful possible "reasonable" model of computation (see Church–Turing thesis). It might seem that the potentially infinite memory capacity is an unrealizable attribute, but any decidable problem solved by a Turing machine will always require only a finite amount of memory. So in principle, any problem that can be solved (decided) by a Turing machine can be solved by a computer that has a finite amount of memory.
Computational mathematics is a field of study that focuses on the interaction of mathematical sciences, computer science, and algorithms. A large part of computational mathematics consists roughly of using mathematics for allowing and improving computer computation in areas of science and engineering where mathematics are useful. This involves in particular algorithm design, computational complexity, numerical methods and computer algebra. Computational mathematics refers also to the use of computers for mathematics itself. This includes mathematical experimentation for establishing conjectures (particularly in number theory), the use of computers for proving theorems (for example the four color theorem), and the design and use of proof assistants.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Joe Louis.