Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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THE BHP WIRE —
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Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
In August 1908, a white mob attacked Springfield, Illinois’s Black community, destroying homes and businesses and lynching two Black men. National outrage over the violence helped spur the movement that created the NAACP the following year.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
Minnesota Woman | |
|---|---|
 Skull of "Minnesota Woman" | |
| Born | c. 5955 B.C |
| Died | c. 5939 B.C (aged c. 16) now Minnesota, United States |
Body discovered | 16 June 1931 |
Resting place | South Dakota, United States |
Minnesota Woman, also known as Pelican Rapids-Minnesota Woman (c. 5955 – c. 5939 BC), is the name given to a Paleo-Indian teenage girl whose skeletal remains are thought to be 8,000 years old or more.[1] She is also known as The Lady of the Lake or Nimuué,[2] The bones were found near Pelican Rapids, Minnesota on June 16, 1931, during construction on U.S. Route 59. The bones were brought to Albert Jenks at the University of Minnesota, who identified them as the bones of a girl who was 15 or 16 years old,[1] but who had never borne children. The girl had a number of artifacts including a dagger made from an elk's horn, a conch shell pendant, and a wolf's tooth.[2] The conch shell came from a whelk species known as Sinistrofulgur perversum, which was only known to live in the Atlantic Ocean off the Mid Atlantic and Southeast coasts of the United States.
The road crew dug up the site without an investigation by archaeologists, so some of the exact details of the girl's death were hard to determine. The site indicated that the girl had not been ritually buried, and there was a thin layer of broken clam or mussel shells over the body. This led to the hypothesis that the girl had drowned, either by breaking through the ice or by falling off a boat, and that her body had been covered in mud at the bottom of a glacial lake.
Before 1926, most scientists theorized that human beings had only appeared in America within the last couple of thousand years. The discovery of Minnesota Woman provided evidence that humans had been in America for many thousands of years before that. Scientists now recognize the girl as someone whose ancestors were Paleo-American. Radiocarbon dating places the age of the bones approximately 8,000 years ago, approximately 7890 ±70 BP[1] (i.e. between 6009 and 5869 BC); near the beginning of the Archaic period in Minnesota.[3]
These skeletal remains have been reburied in South Dakota on October 2, 1999, by Dakota tribes and are not available for further study.[4]
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Minnesota Woman, also known as Pelican Rapids-Minnesota Woman (c. 5955 – c. 5939 BC), is the name given to a Paleo-Indian teenage girl whose skeletal remains are thought to be 8,000 years old or more. She is also known as The Lady of the Lake or Nimuué, The bones were found near Pelican Rapids, Minnesota on June 16, 1931, during construction on U.S. Route 59. The bones were brought to Albert Jenks at the University of Minnesota, who identified them as the bones of a girl who was 15 or 16 years old, but who had never borne children. The girl had a number of artifacts including a dagger made from an elk's horn, a conch shell pendant, and a wolf's tooth. The conch shell came from a whelk species known as Sinistrofulgur perversum, which was only known to live in the Atlantic Ocean off the Mid Atlantic and Southeast coasts of the United States.
The Minnesota Woman Suffrage Association (MWSA) operated from 1881 to 1920. The organization was part of the broader women's suffrage movement in the United States and it sought to secure the right of women to vote in Minnesota. Its members organized marches, wrote petitions and letters, gathered signatures, gave speeches, and published pamphlets and broadsheets to compel the Minnesota Legislature to pass legislation that recognized their right to vote. As a result of the movement's efforts, the legislature ratified the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1919, which prohibited the denial of citizens to vote based on sex.
The Minnesota Woman Suffrage Memorial is a permanent feature on the grounds of the Minnesota State Capitol in Saint Paul. It commemorates the women’s suffrage movement in the state and 25 women whose achievements were important to the Minnesota Woman Suffrage Association (MWSA). The memorial was designed by architects Raveevarn Choksombatchai, Martha McQuade, and Ralph Nelson.
The Scandinavian Woman Suffrage Association (SWSA) was an American women's suffrage group founded in 1907 with the help of Ethel Edgerton Hurd. The SWSA was affiliated with the larger Minnesota Woman Suffrage Association (MWSA) and provided a critical connection between the Minnesota Scandinavian community and the broader Women's suffrage movement in the United States.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.
