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THE BHP WIRE —
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Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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Katherine Johnson’s mathematical calculations helped guide some of America’s most important early space missions while she confronted the racial and gender barriers faced by Black women in twentieth-century America.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
| Moraceae Temporal range: Cretaceous – Recent,
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| Panama rubber tree (Castilla elastica) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Moraceae Gaudich.[1][2] |
| Genera[2] | |
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48; see text | |
Moraceae is a family of flowering plants comprising about 48 genera and over 1100 species,[2][3] and is commonly known as the mulberry or fig family. Most are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, less so in temperate climates; however, their distribution is cosmopolitan overall. The only common characteristics within the family are the presence of latex-producing glands in the leaves and stems, and milky sap in the soft tissues; but generally useful field characters include two carpels sometimes with one reduced, compound inconspicuous flowers, and compound fruit.[4] The family includes well-known plants such as the common fig, breadfruit, jackfruit and mulberry.[2] The flowers of Moraceae are often pseudanthia (reduced inflorescences).[citation needed]
The family varies from large trees like the Indian Banyan (Ficus benghalensis) which can cover 2 ha (4.9 acres) of ground, to Dorstenia barnimiana which is a small stemless, bulbous succulent 2–5 cm in diameter that produces a single peltate leaf on a 4–15 cm petiole. These two species have an approximately one billionfold difference in mass.[5][6]
The leaves are much like the flowers when analyzing diversity. Usually the leaves are alternate (spiral or distichous), but rarely they can be opposite. The leaves can be singly attached to the stem or alternating, they may be lobed or unlobed, and can be evergreen or deciduous depending on the species in question.[7] The mulberries can have numerous leaf shapes on the same tree; leaves can be both lobed and unlobed and appear very different, but coexist on the same plant; the most heavily lobed leaves are on vigorous young stems.[8]
The individual flowers are often small, with single whorled or absent perianth. Most flowers have either petals or sepals, but not both, known as monochlamydeae, and have pistils and stamens in different flowers, known as diclinous. Except for Brosimum gaudichaudii and Castilla elastica, the perianth in all species of the Moraceae contain sepals. If the flower has an inflexed stamen, then pollen is released and distributed by wind dispersal; however, if the stamen is straight, then insect pollination is most likely to occur. Insect pollination occurs in Antiaropsis, Artocarpus, Castilla, Dorstenia, Ficus, and Mesogyne.[9]
Plant species in the Moraceae are best known for their fruit. Overall, most species produce a fleshy fruit containing seeds. Examples include the breadfruit from Artocarpus altilis, the mulberry from Morus species, the fig from Ficus carica, and the jackfruit from Artocarpus heterophyllus.[10][11]
Formerly included within the now defunct order Urticales, recent molecular studies have resulted in the family's placement within the Rosales in a clade called the urticalean rosids that also includes Ulmaceae, Celtidaceae, Cannabaceae, and Urticaceae. Cecropia, which has variously been placed in the Moraceae, Urticaceae, or their own family, Cecropiaceae, is now included in the Urticaceae.[12]
Dioecy (having individuals with separate sexes) appears to be the primitive state in Moraceae.[10] Monoecy has evolved independently at least four times within the family.
Modern molecular phylogenetics suggest these relationships:[12][10][11][13]
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Moraceae comprises 48 genera[2] in seven tribes.[14]
Other genera accepted by Plants of the World Online as of April 2024[update]:
In addition to the living species, a number of fossil genera have been ascribed to the family:[15]
While the fossil record of Moraceae goes back to the late Cretaceous, molecular clock estimates suggest that the family had begun to diversify by the mid-Cretaceous, with some major clades emerging during the Tertiary period.[13]
Moraceae can be found throughout the warm temperate to tropical world with a near-cosmopolitan distribution, but mostly absent north of around 45°N latitude, and also absent from most of the Sahara and Arabian Deserts.[7] The majority of species originate in the Old World tropics, particularly in Asia and the Pacific islands.[16]
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Moraceae is a family of flowering plants comprising about 48 genera and over 1100 species, and is commonly known as the mulberry or fig family. Most are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, less so in temperate climates; however, their distribution is cosmopolitan overall. The only common characteristics within the family are the presence of latex-producing glands in the leaves and stems, and milky sap in the soft tissues; but generally useful field characters include two carpels sometimes with one reduced, compound inconspicuous flowers, and compound fruit. The family includes well-known plants such as the common fig, breadfruit, jackfruit and mulberry. The flowers of Moraceae are often pseudanthia (reduced inflorescences).
Custard Apple (Annonaceae), Breadfruit (Moraceae) and Soursop (Annonaceae) are three sculptures by Veronica Ryan that stand on Narrow Way, near St Augustine's Tower in Hackney, London. They were commissioned by Hackney's Windrush Artwork Commission, as a memorial to the Windrush generation of British African-Caribbean people who immigrated to the United Kingdom in the wake of World War II. They are the first permanent public sculptures by a black female artist in the United Kingdom. The works were unveiled 1 October 2021. The three sculptures represent Caribbean tropical fruits — custard apple, breadfruit and soursop — in reference to the nearby Ridley Road Market. Ryan said of the work that "Ridley Market here in Hackney remains a vibrant place of early excitement going shopping with my mother, I don’t often get along to the market now, but have been so happy to buy some lovely soursops and custard apples on recent visits" and that "Cultural visibility and representation evident in public spaces is crucial. I am very happy that my sculptures will be part of this recognition". The works were commissioned as part of the Black History Season of Hackney London Borough Council and Create London. They stand near St Augustine's Tower and the fruit markets on Narrow Way. They received the 2022 Marsh Award for Excellence in Public Sculpture.
Morus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Moraceae, consisting of 17 species of deciduous trees commonly known as mulberries, growing wild and under cultivation in many warm-temperate world regions. Generally, the genus has 64 subordinate taxa; although the three of most common are referred to as white, red, and black, originating from the colour of their dormant buds, and not necessarily the fruit colour (Morus alba, M. rubra, and M. nigra, respectively), with numerous cultivars and some taxa currently unchecked and awaiting taxonomic scrutiny. Morus alba is native to China, but is widely cultivated and often naturalised across Europe, Southern Africa, South America, and North America; it is also the species most preferred by the silkworm. It is regarded as an invasive species in Brazil, the United States and some states of Australia. Species in the closely related genus Broussonetia are also commonly known as mulberries, notably the paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera). Despite their similar appearance, mulberries are not closely related to raspberries or blackberries. All three species belong to the order Rosales, but while the mulberry is a tree belonging to the family Moraceae (also including the fig, jackfruit, and other fruits), raspberries and blackberries are brambles and belong to the family Rosaceae.
Morus nigra, or the black mulberry, is a species of flowering plant in the family Moraceae that is native to southwestern Asia, where it has been cultivated for so long that its precise natural range is unknown. The black mulberry is known for its large number of chromosomes.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Mae Jemison, aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992.
