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Mansa Musa was the ruler of the Mali Empire in West Africa. Details recorded here should be sourced; unknown information is left blank.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
| Naskapi | |
|---|---|
| ᓇᔅᑲᐱ naskapi, ᐃᔪᐤ ᐃᔨᒧᐅᓐ iyuw iyimuun | |
 | |
| Native to | Canada |
| Region | St'aschinuw (Quebec, Labrador) |
| Ethnicity | Naskapi |
Native speakers | 1,230 (2016 census)[1] |
Algic
| |
| Eastern Cree syllabics | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | nsk |
| Glottolog | nask1242 |
| Linguasphere | 62-ADA-ba |
| People | Naskapi Iyuw ᓇᔅᑲᐱ ᐃᔪᐤ |
|---|---|
| Language | Naskapi Iyuw Iyimuun ᓇᔅᑲᐱ ᐃᔪᐤ ᐃᔨᒧᐅᓐ |
| Country | St'aschinuw ᒋᑦ ᐊᔅᒋᓄᐤ |
Naskapi (also known as ᐃᔪᐤ ᐃᔨᒧᐅᓐ/Iyuw Iyimuun in the Naskapi language) is an Algonquian language spoken by the Naskapi in Quebec and Labrador, Canada.[3] It is written in Eastern Cree syllabics.
The term Naskapi is chiefly used to refer to the language of the people living in the interior of Quebec and Labrador in or around Kawawachikamach, Quebec. Naskapi is a "y-dialect" that has many linguistic features in common with the Northern dialect of East Cree, and which also shares many lexical items with the Innu language.
Although there is a much closer linguistic and cultural relationship between Naskapi and Innu than between Naskapi and other Cree language communities, Naskapi remains unique and distinct from all other language varieties in the Quebec-Labrador peninsula.
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | |||
| Stop/ Affricate | p | t | tʃ | k | |
| Fricative | s | h | |||
| Approximant | w | (ɹ) | j | ||
| Lateral | (l) |
Each stop has voiced allophones as [b, d, dʒ, ɡ] and pre-aspirated allophones as [ʰp, ʰt, ʰtʃ, ʰk].[4][page needed]
There are two writing systems used for Naskapi language. One is Latin, similar to the Innu language (Montagnais), and the other is Cree syllabics, similar to James Bay Cree, as well as other dialects of Cree across Canada.
The Naskapi Latin alphabet consists of three vowels, ⟨a⟩, ⟨i⟩, and ⟨u⟩, in short form and in long form. The long form is either written with a circumflex accent, e.g. ⟨â⟩, or by simply writing the vowel twice, e.g. ⟨aa⟩. In addition there are twelve graphemes to represent the consonants, including the digraph ⟨Ch⟩.
| Uppercase | A | Â/AA | Ch | H | I | Î/II | K | L | M | N | P | R | S | T | U | Û/UU | W | Y |
| lowercase | a | â/aa | ch | h | i | î/ii | k | l | m | n | p | r | s | t | u | û/uu | w | y |
| IPA | /ʌ~ə/ | /a~æ/ | /tʃ, dʒ/ | /h/ | /ɪ~ə/ | /i/ | /k, g/ | /l/ | /m/ | /n/ | /p, b/ | /ɹ/ | /s, ʃ/ | /t, d/ | /o~ʊ/ | /u/ | /w/ | /j/ |
Naskapi Syllabics (ᓇᔅᑲᐱ ᐃᔪᐤ ᐃᔨᒧᐅᓐ, naskapi iyuw iyimuun) is derived from Canadian Aboriginal syllabics, and while having its unique characteristics, shares many features with other Canadian Cree Syllabic systems. Unlike other Cree Syllabics, long and short vowels are not distinguished. The final forms in Naskapi Syllabics are similar to other varieties of Eastern Cree syllabics.
| _a | _i | _u | _wa | _wi | _w | s_wa | - | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | ᐊ | ᐃ | ᐅ | ᐛ | ᐎ | ᐤ | ||
| p | ᐸ | ᐱ | ᐳ | ᑈ | ᔌ | ᑉ | ||
| t | ᑕ | ᑎ | ᑐ | ᑥ | ᔍ | ᑦ | ||
| k | ᑲ | ᑭ | ᑯ | ᒂ | ᒄ | ᔎ | ᒃ | |
| ch | ᒐ | ᒋ | ᒍ | ᒠ | ᔏ | ᒡ | ||
| m | ᒪ | ᒥ | ᒧ | ᒺ | ᒻ | |||
| n | ᓇ | ᓂ | ᓄ | ᓏ | ᓐ | |||
| s | ᓴ | ᓯ | ᓱ | ᔄ | ᔅ | |||
| y | ᔭ | ᔨ | ᔪ | ᔽ | ᔾ | |||
| ᐟ | ||||||||
| Other Symbols | ||||||||
| h | ᐦ | |||||||
| hk | ᑾ | ᑶ | ᑴ | |||||
| l | ᓚ | ᓕ | ᓗ | ᓪ | ||||
| r | ᕋ | ᕆ | ᕈ | ᕐ | ||||
Cree–Montagnais–Naskapi dialect continuum | ||
|---|---|---|
| Classification |
|  |
| Western variants (Cree) |
| |
| Eastern variants (Montagnais-Naskapi) |
| |
| Contact languages | ||
| See also | ||
| ||
 | This article about Algonquian languages is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information. |
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Naskapi (also known as ᐃᔪᐤ ᐃᔨᒧᐅᓐ/Iyuw Iyimuun in the Naskapi language) is an Algonquian language spoken by the Naskapi in Quebec and Labrador, Canada. It is written in Eastern Cree syllabics. The term Naskapi is chiefly used to refer to the language of the people living in the interior of Quebec and Labrador in or around Kawawachikamach, Quebec. Naskapi is a "y-dialect" that has many linguistic features in common with the Northern dialect of East Cree, and which also shares many lexical items with the Innu language. Although there is a much closer linguistic and cultural relationship between Naskapi and Innu than between Naskapi and other Cree language communities, Naskapi remains unique and distinct from all other language varieties in the Quebec-Labrador peninsula.
The Naskapi (Nascapi, Naskapee, Nascapee) are an Indigenous people of the Subarctic native to the historical region St'aschinuw (ᒋᑦ ᐊᔅᒋᓄᐤ, meaning 'our [inclusive] land'), which was located in present day northern Quebec, neighbouring Nunavik. They are closely related to Innu People, who call their homeland Nitassinan. Innu people are frequently divided into two groups, the Neenoilno (called Montagnais by French people) who live along the Quebec north shore of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, and the less numerous Naskapi who live farther north near Nunavik. The Innu themselves recognize several distinctions (e.g. Mushuau Innuat, Maskuanu Innut, Uashau Innuat) based on different regional affiliations and various dialects of the Innu language. The word "Naskapi" (meaning "people beyond the horizon") first made an appearance in the 17th century, as Innu began moving into Labrador to trade with European explorers and traders and it was subsequently applied to Innu groups beyond the reach of missionary influence, most notably those living in the lands which bordered Ungava Bay and inland area between Hudson's Bay and the Torngat Mountain range. The Naskapi are traditionally nomadic peoples, in contrast with the territorial Montagnais. Mushuau Innuat (plural), the Naskapi who were then spending more time in Labrador, split off from the tribe in the 20th century and settled on the Labrador coast between Inuit communities at Davis Inlet. In the 1990's, due to the challenges with that community location, the government of Canada assisted in relocating the community to Shango Bay, now called Natuashish. The Naskapi language and culture is quite different from the Montagnais, in which the dialect changes from y to n as in "Iiyuu" versus "Innu". Some of the families of Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach have close relatives in the Cree village of Whapmagoostui, on the eastern shore of Hudson Bay.
Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach (Naskapi: ᓇᔅᑲᐱ ᐃᔪᒡ ᐅᑕ ᑲᐛᐛᒋᑲᒪᒡ, romanized: Naskapi Iyuch Uta Kawâwâchikamach, French: Nation Naskapi de Kawawachikamach) is a First Nation band government in Quebec, Canada. The members of the band are ethnically Naskapi Innu and speak the Naskapi language. The Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach is the only Naskapi band in Quebec; there is another Naskapi band, Mushuau Innu First Nation located in Labrador.
Mistapew (Plains Cree mistâpêw, ᒥᐢᑖᐯᐤ, [ˈmɪs.tɑːˌpeːw], plural mistâpêwak) or (using the spelling system of Franz Boas) Mista´peo, also Mištapew, Mishtapew, is a spirit-being found widely in cultures across the Algonquinian Cree-Montagnais-Naskapi language continuum. Evidence is patchy for beliefs about Mistapew before Indigenous cultures were profoundly affected by Euro-Canadian colonial cultures. Discussing the evidence for belief in a superior supernatural being among the East Cree—which includes beliefs about mistapew—John S. Long, Richard J. Preston, and Cath Oberholzer argued in 2006 that the ethnographic fragments, gleaned from various sources and time periods, here underscore the difficulties inherent in reconstructing religious concepts from two such disparate points of view [Christian and traditional Indigenous]. Constraints imposed by barriers of language, diverse cultural world views and conflicting "missions" create a tangled web of misunderstandings and ambivalent behaviour. Traditional beliefs about Mistapew are known to have changed during the twentieth century. Stories of Mistapew are current in Indigenous North American traditional and popular culture in the twenty-first century.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →The Greenwood District.