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Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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Wilmington, North Carolina once had a thriving Black middle class and an elected interracial government. In 1898 white supremacists used violence to overthrow that government, kill Black residents and drive many others from the city.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
 | This article relies on a single source. (February 2021) |
The native resolution of a liquid crystal display (LCD), liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) or other flat panel display refers to its single fixed resolution. As an LCD consists of a fixed raster, it cannot change the resolution to match the signal being displayed as a cathode-ray tube (CRT) monitor can, meaning that optimal display quality can be reached only when the signal input matches the native resolution. An image where the number of pixels is the same as in the image source and where the pixels are perfectly aligned to the pixels in the source is said to be pixel perfect.[1]
While CRT monitors can usually display images at various resolutions, an LCD monitor has to rely on interpolation (scaling of the image), which causes a loss of image quality. An LCD has to scale up a smaller image to fit into the area of the native resolution. This is the same principle as taking a smaller image in an image editing program and enlarging it; the smaller image loses its sharpness when it is expanded. This is especially problematic as most resolutions are in a 4:3 aspect ratio (640×480, 800×600, 1024×768, 1280×960, 1600×1200) but there are odd resolutions that are not, notably 1280×1024. If a user were to map 1024×768 to a 1280×1024 screen there would be distortion as well as some image errors, as there is not a one-to-one mapping with regard to pixels. This results in noticeable quality loss and the image is much less sharp.
In theory, some resolutions could work well, if they are exact multiples of smaller image sizes. For example, a 1600×1200 LCD could display an 800×600 image well, as each of the pixels in the image could be represented by a block of four on the larger display, without interpolation. Since 800×600 is an integer factor of 1600×1200, scaling should not adversely affect the image. But in practice, most monitors apply a smoothing algorithm to all smaller resolutions, so the quality still suffers for these "half" modes.
Most LCD monitors are able to inform the PC of their native resolution using Extended display identification data (EDID); however, some LCD TVs, especially those with 1366x768 pixels, fail to provide their native resolution and only provide a set of lower resolutions, resulting in a less than pixel perfect output.
Some widescreen LCD monitors optionally display lower resolutions without scaling or stretching an image, so the image will always be in full sharpness. However, it will not occupy the full screen. This is most often recognizable upon close inspection, as there will typically be black edges visible on either side of the panel horizon.
(Wayback Machine copy)
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
The native resolution of a liquid crystal display (LCD), liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) or other flat panel display refers to its single fixed resolution. As an LCD consists of a fixed raster, it cannot change the resolution to match the signal being displayed as a cathode-ray tube (CRT) monitor can, meaning that optimal display quality can be reached only when the signal input matches the native resolution. An image where the number of pixels is the same as in the image source and where the pixels are perfectly aligned to the pixels in the source is said to be pixel perfect. While CRT monitors can usually display images at various resolutions, an LCD monitor has to rely on interpolation (scaling of the image), which causes a loss of image quality. An LCD has to scale up a smaller image to fit into the area of the native resolution. This is the same principle as taking a smaller image in an image editing program and enlarging it; the smaller image loses its sharpness when it is expanded. This is especially problematic as most resolutions are in a 4:3 aspect ratio (640×480, 800×600, 1024×768, 1280×960, 1600×1200) but there are odd resolutions that are not, notably 1280×1024. If a user were to map 1024×768 to a 1280×1024 screen there would be distortion as well as some image errors, as there is not a one-to-one mapping with regard to pixels. This results in noticeable quality loss and the image is much less sharp. In theory, some resolutions could work well, if they are exact multiples of smaller image sizes. For example, a 1600×1200 LCD could display an 800×600 image well, as each of the pixels in the image could be represented by a block of four on the larger display, without interpolation. Since 800×600 is an integer factor of 1600×1200, scaling should not adversely affect the image. But in practice, most monitors apply a smoothing algorithm to all smaller resolutions, so the quality still suffers for these "half" modes. Most LCD monitors are able to inform the PC of their native resolution using Extended display identification data (EDID); however, some LCD TVs, especially those with 1366x768 pixels, fail to provide their native resolution and only provide a set of lower resolutions, resulting in a less than pixel perfect output. Some widescreen LCD monitors optionally display lower resolutions without scaling or stretching an image, so the image will always be in full sharpness. However, it will not occupy the full screen. This is most often recognizable upon close inspection, as there will typically be black edges visible on either side of the panel horizon.
A display resolution standard is a commonly used width and height dimension (display resolution) of an electronic visual display device, measured in pixels. This information is used for electronic devices such as a computer monitor. Certain combinations of width and height are standardized (e.g. by VESA) and typically given a name and an initialism which is descriptive of its dimensions. The graphics display resolution is also known as the display mode or the video mode, although these terms usually include further specifications such as the image refresh rate and the color depth. The resolution itself only indicates the number of distinct pixels that can be displayed on a screen, which affects the sharpness and clarity of the image. It can be controlled by various factors, such as the type of display device, the signal format, the aspect ratio, and the refresh rate. Some graphics display resolutions are frequently referenced with a single number (e.g. in "1080p" or "4K"), which represents the number of horizontal or vertical pixels. More generally, any resolution can be expressed as two numbers separated by a multiplication sign (e.g. "1920×1080"), which represent the width and height in pixels. Since most screens have a landscape format to accommodate the human field of view, the first number for the width (in columns) is larger than the second for the height (in lines), and this conventionally holds true for handheld devices that are predominantly or even exclusively used in portrait orientation. The graphics display resolution is influenced by the aspect ratio, which is the ratio of the width to the height of the display. The aspect ratio determines how the image is scaled and stretched or cropped to fit the screen. The most common aspect ratios for graphics displays are 4:3, 16:10 (equal to 8:5), 16:9, and 21:9. The aspect ratio also affects the perceived size of objects on the screen. The native screen resolution together with the physical dimensions of the graphics display can be used to calculate its pixel density. An increase in the pixel density often correlates with a decrease in the size of individual pixels on a display. Some graphics displays support multiple resolutions and aspect ratios, which can be changed by the user or by the software. In particular, some devices use a hardware/native resolution that is a simple multiple of the recommended software/virtual resolutions in order to show finer details; marketing terms for this include "Retina display".
5K resolution refers to display formats with a horizontal resolution of around 5,000 pixels. The most common 5K resolution is 5120 × 2880, which has an aspect ratio of 16∶9 with around 14.7 million pixels (just over seven times as many pixels as 1080p Full HD), with exactly twice the linear resolution of 1440p and four times that of 720p. This resolution is typically used in computer monitors to achieve a higher pixel density, and is not a standard format in digital television and digital cinematography, which feature 4K resolutions and 8K resolutions. In comparison to 4K UHD (3840 × 2160), the 16∶9 5K resolution of 5120 × 2880 offers 1280 extra columns and 720 extra lines of display area, an increase of 33.3% in each dimension. This additional display area can allow 4K content to be displayed at native resolution without filling the entire screen, which means that additional software such as video editing suite toolbars will be available without having to downscale the content previews. As of 2016, the world uses 1080p as the mainstream HD standard. However, there is a rapid increase in media content being released in 4K and even 5K resolution. Online streaming services such as Netflix and Amazon Prime Video launched videos in 4K resolution in 2014 and are actively expanding their collection of videos in 4K resolution. As 4K content becomes more common, the usefulness of 5K displays in editing and content creation may lead to a higher demand in the future.
XBR is a line of LCD, OLED, Plasma, Rear Projection, and CRT televisions produced by Sony. According to Sony, XBR is an acronym for eXtended Bit Rate, although there is evidence that it originally stood for "Project X, Black Remote" which was meant to distinguish it from the then-standard line of Sony televisions. The XBR range is typically derived from equipment that has been released in Japan and Europe as mid and high-end models, usually with some small upgrades. For example, in Europe and Japan, the Sony X-Series 1080p TVs had two HDMI inputs, whereas on the American XBR version, there were three. Some XBR televisions may cost up to US$25,000. XBR models usually are denoted by a series number, particularly in the BRAVIA line. The KV-25XBR, circa 1985, is a 25" CRT monitor that shipped with two external 2-way speakers that could hang on the sides of the TV. It features a 4:3 aspect ratio and standard definition. KV-36XBR series (1990s to early 2000s) – 4:3 CRT with more than standard definition but less than high definition resolution, also available in 32" and 40" sizes. Some models are high definition KD-34XBR970 / KD-34XBR960 (early to mid 2000s) – 16:9 CRT TV, 34" diagonal, 720p/1080i high-definition Super Fine Pitch picture tube. HDMI input. KE-XBR900 / KDE-XBR950 (2003/2004) – 720p Plasma TV's with "Floating Glass" design where the bezel is surrounded by a glass frame. Available in 42", 50", 55" and 61" sizes. Native resolutions were 1024 x 768 for the 42", and 1366 x 768 for the 50" and up. 3-way speakers sit on each side of the display. Shipped with "Media Receiver Units" which was a separate component that housed the inputs. KDE-XBR950 models were one of the first plasma TV's to have built-in HDTV Tuners. KDL-XBR950 (2004) – 720p LCD with "Floating glass" design. Available in 32" and 42" sizes. Very similar to KE/KDE-XBR950 models except for being LCD's rather than Plasma displays. One of the early "Wega" LCD models produced before Sony introduced the Bravia line. Native resolutions were 1280 x 768 for the 32" and 1366 x 768 for the 42" screen. Also shipped with Media Receiver units. KDF-XBR950 (2004) 720p LCD Rear-Projection TV's. Available in 60" and 70" sizes. Native Resolution was 1386 x 788. Part of the Grand Wega line, which was Sony's line of RPTV's. KDS-XBR1/KDS-XBR2 (2005/2006) 1080p SXRD Rear Projection TV's. Available in 50", 60" and 70" sizes. XBR1 (2005) 720p LCD with a black bezel. Available in 26", 32" and 40" sizes. The viewing angle was adjustable on 26" and 32" models by swiveling or tilting the screen, similar to a monitor. Native resolution was 1366 x 768. XBR2 / XBR3 (2006) – 1080p LCD with "Floating Glass" design where the bezel is surrounded by a glass frame (XBR2 has a gray bezel and XBR3 has a piano black bezel) XBR4 / XBR5 (2007) – 1080p LCD with same "Floating Glass" design as previous XBR2/3 series and offers a 120-Hertz refresh rate (XBR4 has optional interchangeable color meshes and XBR5 has a piano black bezel) XBR6 (2008) – a 120-Hertz model featuring a floating customizable lower speaker, USB input, and DLNA photo player. XBR7 (2008) – a transitional series of models including a 52-inch 240-Hertz model and a mammoth 70-inch model. This series uses normal CCFL backlighting. XBR8 (2008) – a 120-Hertz model featuring the Triluminos LED backlighting. Unlike traditional LED-LCD displays the XBR8 used locally dimmed RGB LEDs vs. the standard white or blue LED. Floating customizable side speakers. XBR9 (2009) – a 240-Hertz model including enhanced DLNA capabilities and built in internet video features. XBR10 (Late 2009) – a 240 Hz thin LCD panel with LED edge-lighting and wireless 1080p connectivity via an included transmitter and receiver. XBRHX909 (2010) – 240 Hz, Full-Array LED backlighting with local dimming (Intelligent Dynamic LED), Internet streaming features, and optional Active RF 3D via a separate transmitter. The first model to incorporate Sony's "Monolith" design, wherein the TV is composed of a single pane of black glass. Available in 46-inch and 52-inch sizes. XBRLX900 (2010) – 240 Hz edge-lit LED with Monolith design. Included built-in wi-fi along with an integrated 3D transmitter and 2 pairs of active glasses. Also included a low-resolution camera that acted as a presence/proximity sensor. Available in 52-inch and 60-inch sizes. XBRHX929 (2011) – Featured streamlined Monolith design using Corning Gorilla Glass. 240 Hz refresh with Motionflow XR960 rating, Full-Array LED backlighting with local dimming (Intelligent Peak LED), presence sensor, X-Reality PRO image processing, Active 3D (RF). Available in 46-inch, 55-inch, and 65-inch sizes. XBRHX950 (2012) – Minor refresh of the HX929 with a newer, more rounded Monolith design and pedestal. Available in 55-inch and 65-inch. XBRX900A (84" version) (2012) – 84-inch 4K UHD (3840x2160 resolution) LED-edge-lit panel with local dimming. 240 Hz refresh rate with Motionflow XR960. Passive 3D with SimulView gaming, X-Reality PRO with XCA8-4K upscaling chip, detachable 50w speaker system. Sony includes a 4K media server and Xperia tablet remote control with this model. XBRX900A (2013) – 4K UHD resolution, 120 Hz/XR960, edge-lit LED with local dimming featuring TRILUMINOS quantum dot technology. Passive 3D with SimulView, 4K X-Reality PRO, non-detachable speaker system. Compatible with FMP-X1 4K Media Server (not included). Available in 55-inch and 65-inch. Upgradeable to HDMI 2.0 via firmware update. XBRX850A (2013) – 4K UHD resolution, TRILUMINOS quantum dot technology, 120 Hz/Motionflow XR960, edge-lit with local dimming LED. This model does not include the glass front or the speaker system of the X900A models. Includes HDMI 2.0 compliant and Active 3D. Available in 55 and 65 inches. XBRX850B (2014) – 4K UHD resolution, Triluminos, HEVC for 4K streaming, PlayStation Now ready, Frame Dimming, 3D: Passive (49, 55, 65), Active (70). Available in 49", 55", 65", and 70". XBRX900B (2014) – 4K UHD resolution, Triluminos, HEVC for 4K streaming, PlayStation Now ready, X-Tended Dynamic Range (edge-lit local dimming), Wedge (tapering) design with side-mounted magnetic fluid speakers, 3D: Active (55", 65"), Passive (79"). Available in 55", 65", and 79". XBRX950B (2014) – 4K UHD resolution, Triluminos, HEVC for 4K streaming, PlayStation Now ready, X-Tended Dynamic Range Pro (Full-Array LED backlight with local dimming), Active 3D. Available in 65" and 85". XBRX830C (2015) – 4K, Android TV with Google Cast built-in, new X1 Processor, Motionflow XR960. Available in 43" and 49". XBRX850C (2015) – 4K, Android TV with Google Cast built-in, X1 Processor, Triluminos, Frame Dimming, Voice control remote, Motionflow XR960, Active 3D. 55" (edge-lit), 65", and 75" (direct-lit). XBRX900C/XBRX910C (2015) – 4K, Android TV with Google Cast built-in, X1 Processor, Triluminos, Voice control remote, Motionflow XR960, 0.2" thin edge-to-edge panel with included flush mount, Passive 3D. 55", 65", 75". XBRX930C (2015) – 4K, Android TV with Google Cast built-in, X1 Processor, Triluminos, Voice control remote, Motionflow XR1440, X-Tended Dynamic Range (edge-lit with local dimming), High Dynamic Range (HDR) support, half-wedge design with side-mounted magnetic fluid speakers, Active 3D. 65". XBRX940C (2015) – 4K, Android TV with Google Cast built-in, X1 Processor, Triluminos, Voice control remote, Motionflow XR1440, X-Tended Dynamic Range Pro (FUll-array LED backlight with local dimming), High Dynamic Range (HDR) support, half-wedge design with side-mounted magnetic fluid speakers, Active 3D. 75". XBRX850D (2016) – 4K UHD resolution, Android TV, X1 Processor, Triluminos Display, 4K X-Reality Pro, High Dynamic Range (HDR) support, Motionflow XR800, Available in 55", 65", 75", 85". XBRX930D (2016) – 4K resolution, Android TV, X1 Processor, Triluminos Display, High Dynamic Range (HDR) support, X-tended Dynamic Range, Motionflow XR1000, Available in 55", 65". XBRX940D (2016) – 4K resolution, Android TV, X1 Processor, Triluminos Display, High Dynamic Range (HDR) support, X-tended Dynamic Range, Motionflow XR1200, Available in 75". XBRX800E (2017) – 4K UHD resolution, Android TV, X1 Processor, Triluminos Display, 4K X-Reality Pro, High Dynamic Range (HDR) support, Motionflow XR240, Available in 43", 49", 55". XBRX850E (2017) – 4K UHD resolution, Android TV, X1 Processor, Triluminos Display, 4K X-Reality Pro, High Dynamic Range (HDR) support, Motionflow XR960, Available in 65", 75". XBRX900E (2017) – 4K UHD resolution, Android TV, X1 Processor, Triluminos display, 4K X-Reality Pro, High Dynamic Range (HDR) support, Motionflow XR960, X-tended Dynamic Range, Available in 49", 55", 65", 75". XBRX930E/XBRX940E (2017) – 4K UHD resolution, Android TV, X1 Extreme Processor, Triluminos Display, 4K X-Reality Pro, High Dynamic Range (HDR) support, Motionflow XR960, X-tended Dynamic Range, Available in 55", 65", 75".
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.
