Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
Mansa Musa was the ruler of the Mali Empire in West Africa. Details recorded here should be sourced; unknown information is left blank.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
Negudar (also known as Nikudar or Neguder) was a Mongol general under Berke, and a Golden Horde Noyan. With many other Golden Horde generals, he embraced Islam in the late 13th century. He subsequently took the Muslim name of Ahmad Khan. Before the conflicts between Berke and Hulagu, Negudar fostered peace in Eastern Khorasan and its surrounding areas in Central Asia. Neguder with other generals of the Mongol Empire raided the northwest parts of the Delhi Sultanate in the 1230s. When war hostilities broke out between Berke and Hulagu in 1260, Negudar assumed control over a sizeable portion of Berke's forces primarily in Ghazni and eastern Afghanistan. Negudar and his forces ultimately settled in various parts of modern-day Afghanistan including Kabul and Herat. Mongols in Afghanistan adopted his name later as they merged into Chagatai Khanate during the reign of Alghu. Today, Nikudari, an archaic form of the Mongolian language extinct in Mongolia, is preserved in Afghanistan and named after Negudar.
Nikudari may refer to: Qara'unas or Neguderi, a Mongol group that settled in Afghanistan and eastern Persia. Negudar, a Mongol general under Berke, and a Golden Horde Noyan.
Teguder (Tegüder, Tagūdār) was a 13th-century Chagataid Mongol prince, a grandson of Chagatai Khan through his son Mochi Yebe. A commander under Hulagu, Teguder staged a rebellion against Abaqa, the Ilkhan of Iran, from his base in Georgia in the late 1260s. Defeated, Teguder surrendered and was imprisoned, but he was eventually pardoned and released. Teguder's name has often been misread as Negudar and linked, erroneously, with the Negudaris, a Mongol tribe under the Jochid princes.
Berke Khan (died 1266/1267; also Birkai; Turki/Kypchak: برکه خان, Mongolian: Бэрх хан ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ Tatar: Бәркә хан) was a Mongol military commander and the ruler of the Golden Horde, a division of the Mongol Empire, who effectively consolidated the power of the Blue Horde and White Horde from 1257 to 1266. He was officially a grandson of Genghis Khan from his son Jochi (whose paternity is highly uncertain). He succeeded his brother Batu Khan of the Blue Horde (West), and was responsible for the first official establishment of Islam in a khanate of the Mongol Empire. Following the Sack of Baghdad by Hulagu Khan, his cousin and head of the Mongol Ilkhanate based in Persia, he allied with the Egyptian Mamluks against Hulagu. Berke also supported Ariq Böke against Kublai in the Toluid Civil War, but did not intervene militarily in the war because he was occupied in his own war against Hulagu and the Ilkhanate.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Madam C.J. Walker