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Wilmington, North Carolina once had a thriving Black middle class and an elected interracial government. In 1898 white supremacists used violence to overthrow that government, kill Black residents and drive many others from the city.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
 | |
| Discipline | Neuroscience |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Mariela Zirlinger |
| Publication details | |
| History | 1988–present (38 years) |
| Publisher | |
| Frequency | Biweekly |
| Partial | |
| 15 (2024) | |
| Standard abbreviations | |
| ISO 4 | Neuron |
| Indexing | |
| CODEN | NERNET |
| ISSN | 0896-6273 (print) 1097-4199 (web) |
| LCCN | 88648622 |
| OCLC no. | 17223779 |
| Links | |
Neuron is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Cell Press, an imprint of Elsevier. Established in 1988, it covers neuroscience and related biological processes.
The current editor-in-chief is Mariela Zirlinger. The founding editors were Lily Jan, A. James Hudspeth, Louis Reichardt, Roger Nicoll, and Zach Hall. A past editor-in-chief was Katja Brose.[1][2]
  | This article about a neuroscience journal is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information. See tips for writing articles about academic journals. Further suggestions might be found on the article's talk page. |
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Neuron is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Cell Press, an imprint of Elsevier. Established in 1988, it covers neuroscience and related biological processes. The current editor-in-chief is Mariela Zirlinger. The founding editors were Lily Jan, A. James Hudspeth, Louis Reichardt, Roger Nicoll, and Zach Hall. A past editor-in-chief was Katja Brose.
Neuron is one of the primary cell types in the nervous system. Neuron may also refer to: Artificial neuron, the basic unit in an artificial neural network Hartmann Neuron, an electronic musical instrument The Dassault nEUROn, a planned stealth unmanned combat air vehicle designed by a consortium of European countries Lake Neuron, an underground thermal lake in Albania Neuron (journal), a scientific journal publishing scholarly neuroscience articles Neuron (software), a simulation environment used in computational neuroscience for modeling individual neurons and networks of neurons "Neurons", a song by Avey Tare from his 2023 album 7s
Motor neuron diseases or motor neurone diseases (MNDs) are a group of rare neurodegenerative disorders that selectively affect motor neurons, the cells which control voluntary muscles of the body. They include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), progressive bulbar palsy (PBP), pseudobulbar palsy, progressive muscular atrophy (PMA), primary lateral sclerosis (PLS), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and monomelic amyotrophy (MMA), as well as some rarer variants resembling ALS. Motor neuron diseases affect both children and adults. While each motor neuron disease affects patients differently, they all cause movement-related symptoms, mainly muscle weakness. Most of these diseases seem to occur randomly without known causes, but some forms are inherited. Studies into these inherited forms have led to discoveries of various genes (e.g. SOD1) that are thought to be important in understanding how the disease occurs. Symptoms of motor neuron diseases can be first seen at birth or can come on slowly later in life. Most of these diseases worsen over time; while some, such as ALS, shorten one's life expectancy, others do not. Currently, there are no approved treatments for the majority of motor neuron disorders, and care is mostly symptomatic.
A neuron (American English), neurone (British English), or nerve cell, is a cell that is excitable, firing electric signals called action potentials. Neurons form neural networks in the nervous system, mainly in the central nervous system. Neurons receive and conduct impulses. They communicate with other cells via synapses, which are specialized connections that commonly use minute amounts of chemical neurotransmitters to pass the electric signal from the presynaptic neuron to the target cell through the synaptic gap. Neurons are the main components of nervous tissue in all animals except sponges and placozoans. Plants and fungi do not have nerve cells. Molecular evidence suggests that the ability to generate electric signals first appeared in life some 700 to 800 million years ago, during the Tonian period. Predecessors of neurons were the peptidergic secretory cells. They eventually gained new gene modules which enabled cells to create post-synaptic scaffolds and ion channels that generate fast electrical signals. The ability to generate electric signals was a key innovation in the evolution of the nervous system. Neurons are typically classified into three types based on their function. Sensory neurons respond to stimuli such as touch, sound, or light that affect the cells of the sensory organs, and they send signals to the spinal cord and then to the sensorial area in the brain. Motor neurons receive signals from the brain and spinal cord to control everything from muscle contractions to glandular output. Interneurons connect neurons to other neurons within the same region of the brain or spinal cord. When multiple neurons are functionally connected together, they form what is called a neural circuit. A neuron contains all the structures of other cells such as a nucleus, mitochondria, and Golgi bodies, but has additional unique structures such as an axon, and dendrites. The soma or cell body, is a compact structure, and the axon and dendrites are filaments extruding from the soma. Dendrites typically branch profusely and extend a few hundred micrometers from the soma. The axon leaves the soma at a swelling called the axon hillock and travels for as far as 1 meter in humans or more in other species. It branches but usually maintains a constant diameter. At the farthest tip of the axon's branches are axon terminals, where the neuron can transmit a signal across the synapse to another cell. Neurons may lack dendrites or have no axons. The term neurite is used to describe either a dendrite or an axon, particularly when the cell is undifferentiated. Most neurons receive signals via the dendrites and soma and send out signals down the axon. At the majority of synapses, signals cross from the axon of one neuron to the dendrite of another. However, synapses can connect an axon to another axon or a dendrite to another dendrite. The signaling process is partly electrical and partly chemical. Neurons are electrically excitable, due to the maintenance of voltage gradients across their membranes. If the voltage changes by a large enough amount over a short interval, the neuron generates an all-or-nothing electrochemical pulse called an action potential. This potential travels rapidly along the axon and activates synaptic connections as it reaches them. Synaptic signals may be excitatory or inhibitory, increasing or reducing the net voltage that reaches the soma. In most cases, neurons are generated by neural stem cells during brain development and childhood. Neurogenesis largely ceases during adulthood in most areas of the brain.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Shirley Chisholm, elected in 1968.
