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Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
In 1968 Shirley Chisholm became the first Black woman elected to the United States Congress. In 1972 she launched a campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination, breaking another political barrier.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
| Developer | Isilon Systems |
|---|---|
| Full name | OneFS |
| Introduced | 2003 with OneFS 1.0 -- based on FreeBSD |
| Structures | |
| Directory contents | B+ trees |
| File allocation | B+ trees |
| Limits | |
| Max volume size | 66PB+ (144+ nodes at 470TB+ each);[1] 65535 nodes theoretical limit |
| Max file size | 16TB |
| Max no. of files | Cluster size dependent |
| Max filename length | 255 bytes |
| Max directory depth | 509 (suggested, to fit within PATH_MAX of 1023)[1] |
| Allowed filename characters | Many (UTF-8, EUC-JP, CP932, CP1252, ISO-8859-*, EUC-KR, CP949). Encoding is per-directory entry, not per-filesystem. So multiple encodings may be used in a single volume. UTF-8 is encouraged as normative. NUL and / are not allowed in individual directory entries in any encoding. |
| Features | |
| Dates recorded | Create time, rename time, mtime, ctime, atime |
| Date range | 1970 to 2038 |
| Date resolution | Nanosecond |
| Forks | Yes (extended attributes and Alternate Data Streams) |
| File system permissions | Yes (POSIX permissions and NTFS ACLs) |
| Transparent compression | Yes[2] |
| Transparent encryption | Integrated with Self-encrypting Drives for encryption of "data at rest"[3] |
| Data deduplication | Offline only |
| Copy-on-write | Yes (for snapshots) |
| Other | |
| Supported operating systems | OneFS |
The OneFS File System is a parallel distributed networked file system designed by Isilon Systems and is the basis for the Isilon Scale-out Storage Platform.[3] The OneFS file system is controlled and managed by the OneFS Operating System, a FreeBSD variant.[3]
All data structures in the OneFS file system maintain their own protection information. This means in the same filesystem, one file may be protected at +1 (basic parity protection) while another may be protected at +4 (resilient to four failures) while yet another file may be protected at 2x (mirroring); this feature is referred to as FlexProtect.[4] FlexProtect is also responsible for automatically rebuilding the data in the event of a failure. The protection levels available are based on the number of nodes in the cluster and follow the Reed Solomon Algorithm. Blocks for an individual file are spread across the nodes. This allows entire nodes to fail without losing access to any data. File metadata, directories, snapshot structures, quotas structures, and a logical inode mapping structure are all based on mirrored B+ trees. Block addresses are generalized 64-bit pointers that reference (node, drive, blknum) tuples. The native block size is 8192 bytes; inodes are 512 bytes on disk (for disks with 512 byte sectors) or 8KB (for disks with 4KB sectors).
One distinctive characteristic of OneFS is that metadata is spread throughout the nodes in a homogeneous fashion. There are no dedicated metadata servers. The only piece of metadata that is replicated on every node is the address list of root btree blocks of the inode mapping structure. Everything else can be found from that starting point, following the generalized 64-bit pointers.
The collection of computer hosts that comprise a OneFS System is referred to as a "cluster". A computer host that is a member of a OneFS cluster is referred to as a "node" (plural "nodes").
The nodes that comprise a OneFS System must be connected by a high performance, low-latency back-end network for optimal performance. OneFS 1.0-3.0 used Gigabit Ethernet as that back-end network. Starting with OneFS 3.5, Isilon offered InfiniBand models. From about 2007 until mid-2018, all nodes sold utilized an InfiniBand back-end. Starting with OneFS 8.1.0 and Gen6 models, Isilon again offers Ethernet back-end network (10, 25, 40, or 100 Gigabit).[5]
Data, metadata, locking, transaction, group management, allocation, and event traffic are communicated using an RPC mechanism traveling over the back-end network of the OneFS cluster. All data and metadata transfers are zero-copy. All modification operations to on-disk structures are transactional and journaled.
OneFS supports accessing stored files using common computer network protocols including NFS, CIFS/SMB, FTP, HTTP, and HDFS.[3] It can utilize non-local authentication such as Active Directory, LDAP, and NIS. It is capable of interfacing with external backup devices and applications that use NDMP protocol.[3]
The OneFS File System is a proprietary file system that can only be managed and controlled by the FreeBSD-derived OneFS Operating System.[3]
zsh is the default login shell of the OneFS Operating System. OneFS presents a specialized command set to administer the OneFS File System.[6] Most specialized shell programs start with letters isi. Notable exceptions are the Isilon extensions to the FreeBSD ls and chmod programs.[7]
__FreeBSD_version definition in /usr/include/sys/param.h. See FreeBSD Porter's Handbook for more information.
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
The OneFS File System is a parallel distributed networked file system designed by Isilon Systems and is the basis for the Isilon Scale-out Storage Platform. The OneFS file system is controlled and managed by the OneFS Operating System, a FreeBSD variant.
Isilon (currently PowerScale) is a scale out network-attached storage platform offered by Dell EMC for high-volume storage, backup and archiving of unstructured data. It provides a cluster-based storage array based on industry standard hardware, and is scalable to 50 petabytes in a single filesystem using its FreeBSD-derived OneFS file system. An Isilon clustered storage system is composed of three or more nodes. Each node is a server integrated with proprietary operating system software called OneFS (based on FreeBSD), which unifies a cluster of nodes into a single shared resource.
The Greece national football team (Greek: εθνική ομάδα ποδοσφαίρου Ελλάδας, romanized: ethnikí omáda podosfaírou Elládas) represents Greece in men's international football matches, and is controlled by the Hellenic Football Federation, the governing body for football in Greece. Greece is one of only ten national teams to have been crowned UEFA European Champions. Greece's first appearance in a major tournaments was at UEFA Euro 1980 and the 1994 FIFA World Cup. The UEFA Euro 2004 marked the highest point in Greece's football history when they won the tournament in only their second participation. Dismissed as rank outsiders before the tournament, Greece defeated some of the favourites in the competition including defending European champions France, and hosts Portugal twice (the opening game of the tournament and again in the final). In the decade after the 2004 victory, Greece qualified for the finals tournament of all but one major competition entered, reaching also during that period, an all-time high of eighth in the FIFA World Rankings.
FreeBSD is a free and open-source Unix-like operating system descended from the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD). The first version was released in 1993 developed from 386BSD, one of the first fully functional and free Unix clones on affordable home-class hardware, and has since continuously been the most commonly used BSD-derived operating system. FreeBSD maintains a complete system, delivering a kernel, device drivers, userland utilities, and documentation, as opposed to Linux only delivering a kernel and drivers, and relying on third-parties such as GNU for system software. The FreeBSD source code is generally released under a permissive BSD license, as opposed to the copyleft GPL used by Linux. The project includes a security team overseeing all software shipped in the base distribution. Third-party applications may be installed using the pkg package management system or from source via FreeBSD Ports. The project is supported and promoted by the FreeBSD Foundation. Much of FreeBSD's codebase has become an integral part of other operating systems such as Darwin (the basis for macOS, iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, and tvOS), TrueNAS (an open-source NAS/SAN operating system), and the system software for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, and PlayStation Vita game consoles. FreeBSD contains a large amount of code from OpenBSD and other current BSD systems.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Shirley Chisholm, elected in 1968.
