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Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
In 1968 Shirley Chisholm became the first Black woman elected to the United States Congress. In 1972 she launched a campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination, breaking another political barrier.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
 | |
| Abbreviation | OCP |
|---|---|
| Formation | 2011 |
| Type | organisation |
Region served | Worldwide |
| Members | 50+ corporations |
| Website | opencompute |
The Open Compute Project (OCP) is an organization that facilitates the sharing of data center product designs and industry best practices among companies.[1][2] Founded in 2011, OCP has significantly influenced the design and operation of large-scale computing facilities worldwide.[1]
As of February 2025, over 400 companies across the world are members of OCP, including Arm, Meta, IBM, Wiwynn, Intel, Nokia, Google, Microsoft, Seagate Technology, Dell, Rackspace, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, NVIDIA, Cisco, Goldman Sachs, Fidelity, Lenovo, SAP, Accton Technology Corporation and Alibaba Group.[1][3][2]
The Open Compute Project Foundation is a 501(c)(6) non-profit incorporated in the state of Delaware, United States. OCP has multiple committees, including the board of directors, advisory board and steering committee to govern its operations.
As of July 2026, there are eight members who serve on the board of directors which is made up of one individual member and seven organizational members. Andy Bechtolsheim is the individual member. In addition to David Ramku who chairs the board and represents Meta, other organizations on the Open Compute board of directors are Arm (Mohamed Awad), Microsoft (Saurabh Dighe), AMD (Robert Hormuth), Google (Amber Huffman), Intel (Jeff McVeigh), NVIDIA (Rob Ober), as well as OCP CEO George Tchaparian.[4] A list of members can be found on the OCP website.[2]
The Open Compute Project began at Facebook (now Meta) in 2009 as an internal project called "Project Freedom". The hardware designs and engineering teams were led by Amir Michael (Manager, Hardware Design)[5][6][7] and sponsored by Jonathan Heiliger (VP, Technical Operations) and Frank Frankovsky (Director, Hardware Design and Infrastructure). The three would later open source the designs of Project Freedom and co-found the Open Compute Project.[8][9] The project was announced at a press event at Facebook's headquarters in Palo Alto on April 7, 2011.[10]
The Open Compute Project Foundation maintains a number of OCP projects, such as:
 | This section needs to be updated. (March 2026) |
In 2013, two years after the Open Compute Project had started, it was noted that the goal of a more modular server design was "still a long way from live data centers".[11] However, by then some aspects published had been used in Facebook's Prineville data center to improve energy efficiency, as measured by the power usage effectiveness index defined by The Green Grid.[12]
Efforts to advance server compute node designs included one for Intel processors and one for AMD processors. Also in 2013, Calxeda contributed a design with ARM architecture processors.[13] Since then, several generations of OCP server designs have been deployed: Wildcat (Intel), Spitfire (AMD), Windmill (Intel E5-2600), Watermark (AMD), Winterfell (Intel E5-2600 v2) and Leopard (Intel E5-2600 v3).[14][15]
OCP Accelerator Module (OAM) is a design specification for hardware architectures that implement artificial intelligence systems that require high module-to-module bandwidth.[16]
OAM is used in some of AMD's Instinct accelerator modules.
Designs for a mechanical mounting system to replace standard 19-inch racks have been published, with a cabinet the same outside width (600 mm) and depth as existing racks, but with an interior space allowing for wider equipment chassis with a 537 mm width (21 inches). This allows more equipment to fit in the same volume and improves air flow. Compute chassis sizes are defined in multiples of an OpenU or OU, which is 48 mm, slightly taller than the 44 mm rack unit defined for 19-inch racks. As of March 2026, the most current base mechanical definition is the Open Rack V3.1 Specification.[17]
At the time the base specification was released, Meta also defined in greater depth the specifications for the rectifiers and power shelf.[18][19] Specifications for the power monitoring interface (PMI), a communications interface enabling upstream communications between the rectifiers and battery backup unit(BBU) were published by Meta that same year, with Delta Electronics as the main technical contributor to the BBU spec.[20]
However, since 2022 the AI boom in the data center has created higher power requirements in order to satisfy the demands of AI accelerators that have been released. As of September 2024, Meta is in the process of updating its Open Rack v3 rectifier, power shelf, battery backup and power management interface specifications to accommodate this increased energy demand.[citation needed]
In May 2024, at an Open Compute regional summit, Meta and Rittal outlined their plans for development of their High Power Rack (HPR) ecosystem in conjunction with rack, power and cable partners, increasing power capacity in the rack to 92 kilowatts or more.[21] At the same meeting, Delta Electronics and Advanced Energy reported on their progress in developing new Open Compute standard specifications for power shelf and rectifier designs for HPR applications.[22] Rittal also outlined their collaboration with Meta in designing airflow containment, busbar designs and grounding schemes for the new HPR requirements.[23]
Open Vault storage building blocks (also called "Knox") offer high disk densities, with 30 drives in a 2 OU Open Rack chassis designed for easy disk drive replacement. The 3.5 inch disks are stored in two drawers, five across and three deep in each drawer, with connections via serial attached SCSI.[24] There is a "cold storage" variant where idle disks power down to reduce energy consumption.[25] Another design concept was contributed by Hyve Solutions, a division of Synnex, in 2012.[26][27] At the OCP Summit 2016 Facebook, together with Taiwanese ODM Wistron's spin-off Wiwynn, introduced "Lightning", a flexible NVMe JBOF (just a bunch of flash), based on the existing Open Vault (Knox) design.[28][29]
The OCP has published data center designs for energy efficiency. These include power distribution at three-phase 277/480 VAC, which eliminates one transformer stage in typical North American data centers, a single voltage (12.5 VDC) power supply designed to work with 277/480 VAC input, and 48 VDC battery backup.[12] For European (and other 230V countries) datacenters, there is a specification for 230/400 VAC power distribution and its conversion to 12.5 VDC.[30]
On May 8, 2013, an effort to define an open network switch was announced.[31] The plan was to allow Facebook to load its own operating system software onto its top-of-rack switches. Press reports predicted that more expensive and higher-performance switches would continue to be popular, while less expensive products treated more like a commodity.[32]
The first attempt at an open networking switch by Facebook was designed together with Taiwanese ODM Accton using Broadcom Trident II chip and is called "Wedge"; the Linux OS that it runs is called "FBOSS".[33][34][35] Later switch contributions include "6-pack" and Wedge-100, based on Broadcom Tomahawk chips.[36] Similar switch hardware designs have been contributed by: Accton Technology Corporation (and its Edgecore Networks subsidiary), Mellanox Technologies, Interface Masters Technologies, Agema Systems.[37] Capable of running Open Network Install Environment (ONIE)-compatible network operating systems such as Cumulus Linux, Switch Light OS by Big Switch Networks, or PICOS by Pica8.[38] A similar project for a custom switch for the Google platform had been rumored, and evolved to use the OpenFlow protocol.[39][40]
A sub-project for Mezzanine (NIC) OCP NIC 3.0 specification 1v00 was released in late 2019 establishing three form factors: SFF, TSFF, and LFF.[41][42]
In March, 2015,[43] BladeRoom Group Limited and Bripco (UK) Limited sued Facebook, Emerson Electric Co. and others alleging that Facebook has disclosed BladeRoom and Bripco's trade secrets for prefabricated data centers in the Open Compute Project.[44] Facebook petitioned for the lawsuit to be dismissed,[45] but this was rejected in 2017.[46] A confidential mid-trial settlement was agreed in April 2018.[47]
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
The Open Compute Project (OCP) is an organization that facilitates the sharing of data center product designs and industry best practices among companies. Founded in 2011, OCP has significantly influenced the design and operation of large-scale computing facilities worldwide. As of February 2025, over 400 companies across the world are members of OCP, including Arm, Meta, IBM, Wiwynn, Intel, Nokia, Google, Microsoft, Seagate Technology, Dell, Rackspace, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, NVIDIA, Cisco, Goldman Sachs, Fidelity, Lenovo, SAP, Accton Technology Corporation and Alibaba Group.
Open Rack is an Open Compute Project standard for a rack and power delivery architecture as an efficient, scalable alternative to the EIA-310 19-inch rack. It is designed specifically for large-scale cloud deployments. There are several key design features intended to make equipment more efficient to deploy, support, and operate: The power to all of the compute, storage, or network devices is supplied by a pair of busbars located in the rear of the rack. The bus bars are supplied with 48 V DC by a shelf of power supplies, which provides efficient conversion from the local (usually three-phase) AC mains supply. The IT equipment that fits into Open Rack is 537 mm (nominally 21 inches) wide and 48 millimetres (1+7⁄8 in) tall. This is a 20% increase in frontal area that provides more airflow to the IT devices, helping data centers to reduce cooling costs. The vertical spacing is also taller, to accommodate better airflow and enclosures with improved physical designs that do not sag and interfere with adjacent equipment. All cables and interconnects are accessed from the front of the rack and the IT equipment is hot-pluggable and serviceable from the front of the rack. Service personnel no longer access the rear of the rack or need to work in the hot aisle.
Quanta Computer Incorporated (Chinese: 廣達電腦; pinyin: Guǎngdá Diànnǎo) is a Taiwanese contract manufacturer of electronic hardware. Quanta's business extends to enterprise network systems, home entertainment, mobile communication, automotive electronics, and digital home markets. The company also designs, manufactures and markets GPS systems, including handheld GPS, in-car GPS, Bluetooth GPS and GPS with other positioning technologies. Quanta Computer was announced as the original design manufacturer (ODM) for the XO-1 by the One Laptop per Child project on December 13, 2005, and took an order for one million laptops as of February 16, 2007. In October 2008, it was announced that Acer would phase out Quanta from the production chain, and instead outsource manufacturing of 15 million Aspire One netbooks to Compal Electronics. In 2011, Quanta designed servers in conjunction with Facebook as part of the Open Compute Project. It was estimated that notebook computers Quanta had manufactured held a 31% worldwide market share in the first quarter of 2008.
CDNA (Compute DNA) is a compute-centered graphics processing unit (GPU) microarchitecture designed by AMD for datacenters. Mostly used in the AMD Instinct line of data center graphics cards, CDNA is a successor to the Graphics Core Next (GCN) microarchitecture; the other successor being RDNA (Radeon DNA), a consumer graphics focused microarchitecture. The first generation of CDNA was announced on March 5th, 2020, and was featured in the AMD Instinct MI100, launched November 16th, 2020. This is CDNA 1's only produced product, manufactured on TSMC's N7 FinFET process. The second iteration of the CDNA line implemented a multi-chip module (MCM) approach, differing from its predecessor's monolithic approach. Featured in the AMD Instinct MI250X and MI250, this MCM design used an elevated fanout bridge (EFB) to connect the dies. These two products were announced November 8th, 2021, and launched November 11th. The CDNA 2 line includes an additional latecomer using a monolithic design, the MI210. The MI250X and MI250 were the first AMD products to use the Open Compute Project (OCP)'s OCP Accelerator Module (OAM) socket form factor. Lower wattage PCIe versions are available. The third iteration of CDNA switches to a MCM design utilizing different chiplets manufactured on multiple nodes. Currently consisting of the MI300X and MI300A, this product contains 15 unique dies and is connected with advanced 3D packaging techniques. The MI300 series was announced on January 5, 2023, and launched in H2 2023.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.
