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Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
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Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
In August 1908, a white mob attacked Springfield, Illinois’s Black community, destroying homes and businesses and lynching two Black men. National outrage over the violence helped spur the movement that created the NAACP the following year.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
Opu Daeng Risaju | |
|---|---|
| Born | Famajjah 1880 |
| Died | 10 February 1964 (aged 83–84) |
| Other names | Opung Daeng Risadju, Opu Daeng Risadju |
| Title | Opu Daeng Risaju |
| Honours | National Hero of Indonesia |
Opu Daeng Risaju (born Famajjah 1880 in Palopo, Dutch East Indies – died 10 February 1964) was an Indonesian independence activist. She was canonized as a National Hero of Indonesia in 2006.[1]
She was born to Muhammad Abdullah To Baresseng and Opu Daeng Mawellu in 1880, and at birth was named Famajjah.[2] She was from a Buginese community in Luwu in South Sulawesi.[3][4]:198 When she married H. Muhammad Daud, she assumed the Luwu royal title Opu Daeng Risaju, which is how she was known for the rest of her life.[2] She was Muslim and wore hijab.[4]:63[2]
Opu Daeng Risaju primarily fought against the Dutch colonization of what were, at the time, the Dutch East Indies.[5][3] She became active in politics relative late in her life. She first became a member of the Indonesian Islamic Union Party (PSII) in 1927, around age forty-seven, in Parepare.[6] She quickly became involved in the nationalist movement and rose through the PSII's organization.
In 1930, she established a local branch of PSII in Palopo.[4]:198 She would serve as chairman.[2] In 1933, she attended the Indonesian Islamic Union Congress in Batavia (now Jakarta).[7]
Due to her political agitation and growing popularity, her peerage was revoked, and the Dutch government in Masamba arrested her and tried her for sedition.[2][6] Beginning in 1934, she was imprisoned for fourteen months, sentenced to forced labor, and tortured.[4]:64[2][6] After her release from prison and throughout the Japanese occupation, she continued to travel and establish branches of the PSII in South Sulawesi.[6] She was arrested again after the Japanese surrender and transferred between various prisons, where she was tortured.[6] This torture rendered her deaf for the remainder of her life and also damaged one of her eyes.[4]:64[2][6]
In 1949, she moved to Pare-Pare to live with her son Abdul Kadir Daud.[8] She died on 10 February 1964, at age eighty-four.[8] She was buried in the cemetery of the rulers of Luwu in Lokkoe in Palopo.[9]
In 2006, Opu Daeng Risaju was named a National Hero of Indonesia, one of the few women who have received the honor.[10]
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Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Opu Daeng Risaju (born Famajjah 1880 in Palopo, Dutch East Indies – died 10 February 1964) was an Indonesian independence activist. She was canonized as a National Hero of Indonesia in 2006.
Andi Sultan Daeng Radja (1894–1963) was an Indonesian politician, who is now regarded as a National Hero of Indonesia.
Pajonga Daeng Ngalle also known with his title Karaeng Polongbangkeng (1901 – 23 February 1958) was the 12th Karaeng (ruler) of Polongbangkeng and Indonesian revolutionary figure from South Sulawesi. Ngalle founded the Laskar Gerakan Muda Bajoang movement which rejected the Dutch colonists. Posthumously, he was recognised as a National Hero of Indonesia (Pahlawan Nasional) and Bintang Maha Putra Adipradana in 2006.
Ranggong Daeng Romo is a National Hero of Indonesia.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Madam C.J. Walker
