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Mansa Musa was the ruler of the Mali Empire in West Africa. Details recorded here should be sourced; unknown information is left blank.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
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Pangat (Punjabi: ਪੰਗਤ (Gurmukhi)) is a word derived from the Sanskrit word pankti (पङ्क्ति) that means a line, a row, or a group. It refers to the Sikh concept of commensality.[1] In Sikhism, it refers to the lines that the congregation (sangat) must sit in while engaging in langar (free kitchen) for the purpose of ending caste and other discrimination.[2]
It is a synonym for Guru Ka Langar. In a Pangat, food is served by volunteers (Sevadars) to people of all religions who sit together to eat.[3] Pangat is about eating food while sitting in rows with no discrimination on the basis of caste, creed, race, ethnicity, gender, religion or economic status.[4][1] According to the beliefs of Sikhism, nobody sleeps without eating, nor should anybody die of hunger.
Pangat consists of systematic rows where everyone eats equally regardless of their background.[5]
Pangat and Sangat came together from the time of Guru Nanak, the first Guru of Sikhism.[1] Nanak's father gave him money for trade that he spent on feeding hungry sadhus. He named this that True Transaction (Sacha Sauda). Where there is Sangat, there is always a Langar (food service).[6] According to Sikh principles all people (Sangat) who sit in pangat share food on equal basis. Another claim is that the Pangat tradition was introduced by Mata Khivi.[5]
Guru Amar Das placed special importance on the concept of pangat, with him stating:[2]
Pehle pangat phir sangat
First pangat, then sangat
In the history of Sikhism, when Emperor Akbar and the King of Haripur went to meet Guru Amar Das, the third Guru of Sikhism. They both had to eat Langar in the pangat before meeting the Guru.[7]
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Pangat (Punjabi: ਪੰਗਤ (Gurmukhi)) is a word derived from the Sanskrit word pankti (पङ्क्ति) that means a line, a row, or a group. It refers to the Sikh concept of commensality. In Sikhism, it refers to the lines that the congregation (sangat) must sit in while engaging in langar (free kitchen) for the purpose of ending caste and other discrimination. It is a synonym for Guru Ka Langar. In a Pangat, food is served by volunteers (Sevadars) to people of all religions who sit together to eat. Pangat is about eating food while sitting in rows with no discrimination on the basis of caste, creed, race, ethnicity, gender, religion or economic status. According to the beliefs of Sikhism, nobody sleeps without eating, nor should anybody die of hunger. Pangat consists of systematic rows where everyone eats equally regardless of their background.
Pinangat na isda, also called pangat na isda, is a Filipino dish from Southern Luzon consisting of fish and tomatoes stewed in a broth soured with fruits like calamansi, bilimbi, tamarind, or santol. It can also be used to cook shrimp. It is similar to sinigang, but it is not as tart. Pinangat na isda may also sometimes be referred to as paksiw, a related but different dish which primarily uses vinegar to sour the broth. Pinangat na isda is also commonly confused with laing (also called pinangat na laing or pinangat na gabi), a Bicolano dish also known simply as pinangat. But they are different dishes. Emilio Aguinaldo’s favorite dish is home cooked pinangat na isda. A top Filipino cuisine, it is steamed fish like tilapia with a fusion of ground chicharrón, patís, burong mangga, labanos or tomato with unsoy sprigs. The steamed fish variations can include Alakaak, Bakoko, Bangus, Bisugo, Bugaong, Hito, Kitang or Sapsap.
Macli-ing Dulag (customarily referred to by his first name, also spelled Macliing or Macli'ing (April 13, 1930 – April 24, 1980) was a pangat (leader) of the Butbut tribe of Kalinga province in the Philippines. He is best known as one of the leaders of the opposition to the Chico River Dam Project, which led to his assassination by armed forces under the command of then-president Ferdinand Marcos. Because his murder was a watershed moment that united the peoples of the Cordillera in opposition against the dam, Macli-ing Dulag is among the most well known of the many victims of Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos, and his name is inscribed on the Bantayog ng mga Bayani's Wall of Remembrance memorial in Quezon City.
Bodong refers to the peace pact or treaty, used by the Kalinga people in Kalinga Province, northern Philippines. These peace rites are usually accompanied by Kalinga songs such as the ading, wasani and the dandanag. It is a unique judicial system wherein the peace pact holder appointed by the pangat (tribal leaders) of a certain tribe holds a peace agreement with another tribe. In this system, two tribes agree to ally with each other. The bodong is usually worked out in large gatherings between two villages that belong to the same geographic area and shares kinship ties. They call the written laws pagta. The tribes in Kalinga are known for their tribal-wars wherein a life is repayable only with another life. These vengeful tribes will not settle unless the tribe of the person who committed the misdemeanor will surrender or will be killed. Eduardo Masferré notes that by the start of American colonial period, the neighboring Bontoc and Gaddang people had begun adapting peace pact customs based on the Kalinga Bodong.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Shirley Chisholm, elected in 1968.
