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In 1968 Shirley Chisholm became the first Black woman elected to the United States Congress. In 1972 she launched a campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination, breaking another political barrier.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
Parada Harahap (born 1899 in Sipirok, Dutch East Indies, died 1959 in Jakarta) was an important journalist and writer from the late colonial period and early independence era in Indonesia. In the 1930s, he was called the "king of the Java press".[1] He pioneered a new kind of politically neutral Malay language newspaper in the 1930s which would cater to the rising middle class of the Indies.[1]
Parada was born on December 15, 1899, into a Batak family in Pargarutan, Sipirok, South Tapanuli Regency, Dutch East Indies, now part of North Sumatra province in Indonesia. Although most Batak people are Christians, Harahap was a Muslim Batak.[2] He was largely self-taught and an enthusiastic reader from a young age, mainly reading materials sent to him by his sister who lived in Bukittinggi.[3] However, he did also get a formal education, studying at the Teacher's Training School (Kweekschool) in Bukittinggi.[4] At the age of 15 he became a clerk at a rubber plantation Rubber Cultuur Mij. Amsterdam in the Jambi area of Sumatra.[3] During his teen years he gained an interest in newspapers, subscribing to Pewarta Deli and Andalas, and often writing letters to Soetan Palindoengan, editor of Pewarta Deli.[4]
Harahap's career in newspapers started in 1918 when he became editor of Sinar Merdeka in Padang, as well as editor of a Batak language paper in Sibolga called Poestaka.[4] During this time he was also active in the Sarekat Islam in Padang.[4]
In 1922 Harahap relocated from Sumatra to Java. He started as a low-level printing assistant at Sin Po in Batavia.[3] With the recommendation of some Sumatran journalist notables, he then became head editor of a competing paper, Neratja.[4] There, he learned a lot about the business from Abdul Muis, Agus Salim and Djojosoediro.[4] After 9 months there he launched his own newspaper, Bintang Hindia.[3] In 1923 he published Melati van Agam (Jasmine of Java), a romance novel, under the pseudonym Swan Pen. It was adapted to stage in 1923 by Andjar Asmara, then to film in 1930 by Lie Tek Swie and again in 1940 by Tan Tjoei Hock.[5]
He soon expanded his news holdings, founding the wire service Algemene Pers en Nieuws Agentschaap (Alpena).[3] He then founded a series of new papers: Bintang Timoer, Djawa Barat, Sinar Pasundan, Semangat, as well as Dutch-language De Volks Courant.[3] Of those papers, Bintang Timoer, launched in September 1926,[6] quickly became the most successful, not least due to the popular writing of Abdoel Rivai.[3] Even before its first issue, the Dutch language newspaper Algemeen handelsblad voor Nederlandsch-Indië was already recommending it to "the natives" due to Harahap's reputation for hard work and dedication to good journalism.[7] The editorial lineup in the first year, aside from Harahap, were G. Soetadipradja, Kadar, Hatnid and Abdullah Badjrei.[8] The paper noted that Bintang Timoer would be independent of any religious or political faction, and that it had a more modern layout than most Malay language papers, with illustrations and more space given to content.[8] Since the paper was not involving itself in politics, it even promised that while "the importance of Indonesia will be kept in mind, since no party interests are served, Indonesia will be understood as a 'geographical concept' not in the meaning of a 'political concept'."[9] That type of statement symbolizes his attitude in the late 1920s and 1930s, that newspapers are a business not a political movement, and accepting Dutch rule in the Indies rather than using the newspaper to fight it.[1]
During this time Harahap involved himself in Indies journalism in many important ways. In 1924 he translated the Dutch penal code sections about journalism from Dutch into Malay.[4] In 1925 Harahap also helped organize a new association for Asian journalists in the Indies called the Journalistenbond Azie (Associations of Journalists of Asia).[1] Mohammad Tabrani from Hindia Baroe and Kwee Kek Beng from Sin Po were on the executive board, with Wage Rudolf Supratman as chairman.[1]
Bintang Timur, his newspaper, apparently resumed publication in early 1953 after being unable to publish during World War II and the Indonesian National Revolution.[10] Under its new guise in independent Indonesia, Harahap became president-director and head editor, and promised that the paper would have a "national progressive" line and to present the news in a responsible and neutral manner.[11]
In 1956 Harahap was appointed dean of a new college for journalism and political science in Jakarta, the Perguruan Tinggi Ilmu Kewartawanan dan Politik or Akademi Wartawan, supported by the Yayasan Ibnu Chaldun, a foundation run by various Muslim figures in the city.[12]
Harahap died on May 11, 1959, in Jakarta.
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Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Parada Harahap (born 1899 in Sipirok, Dutch East Indies, died 1959 in Jakarta) was an important journalist and writer from the late colonial period and early independence era in Indonesia. In the 1930s, he was called the "king of the Java press". He pioneered a new kind of politically neutral Malay language newspaper in the 1930s which would cater to the rising middle class of the Indies.
Harahap is an Indonesian surname that may refer to the following notable people: Abdul Hakim Harahap (1905–1961), Indonesian politician Amir Sjarifuddin Harahap (1907–1948), Indonesian politician and journalist Basyral Hamidy Harahap (1940–2015), Indonesian writer and humanist Burhanuddin Harahap (1917–1987), Indonesian politician and lawyer Cico Harahap (born 1978), Malay-Indonesian actor Hasjrul Harahap (1931–2014), Indonesian politician and government official Marah Halim Harahap (1921–2015), Indonesian general, politician, and governor Mulfachri Harahap (born 1966), Indonesian politician and lawyer Parada Harahap (1899–1959), Indonesian journalist Rahudman Harahap (born 1959), Indonesian politician and civil servant Rinto Harahap (1949–2015), Indonesian singer-songwriter Syamsul Anwar Harahap (born 1952), Indonesian boxer Usra Hendra Harahap (born 1959), Indonesian diplomat and former Air Force flag officer Yahya Harahap (1934-2024), Indonesian jurist
Parada may refer to:
The 1945 Constitution of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, lit. 'Basic Law of State of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945', commonly abbreviated as UUD 1945 or UUD '45) is the supreme law and basis for all laws of Indonesia. The constitution was written in June–August 1945, in the final months of the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies at the end of World War II. It was abrogated by the Federal Constitution of 1949 and the Provisional Constitution of 1950, but restored by President Sukarno's 1959 Decree. The 1945 Constitution sets forth the Pancasila, the five nationalist principles, as the embodiment of basic principles of an independent Indonesian state. It provides for a limited separation of executive, legislative, and judicial powers. The governmental system has been described as "presidential with parliamentary characteristics." Following major upheavals in 1998 and the resignation of President Suharto, several political reforms were set in motion, via amendments to the Constitution, which resulted in changes to all branches of government as well as additional human rights provisions.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Shirley Chisholm, elected in 1968.
