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GREENWOOD / BLACK WALL STREET WILMINGTON 1898 LITTLE ROCK NINE TUSKEGEE STUDY ROSEWOOD 1923 THE TUSKEGEE AIRMEN SENECA VILLAGE BLACK TOWNS GREENWOOD / BLACK WALL STREET WILMINGTON 1898 LITTLE ROCK NINE TUSKEGEE STUDY ROSEWOOD 1923 THE TUSKEGEE AIRMEN SENECA VILLAGE BLACK TOWNS
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MY'STORY

The MOVE Fire

This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985 Philadelphia police fired thousands of rounds at the MOVE house, city officials approved dropping an explosive device on the roof, the resulting fire was allowed to burn, 11 people—including five children—died, and 61 homes were destroyed. Philadelphia City Council later called it a “brutal attack carried out by the City of Philadelphia on its own citizens” and acknowledged that no individual faced criminal consequences for the bombing. One timeline correction worth preserving for the BHP record: the major previous MOVE-police confrontation was August 8, 1978, about seven years before the bombing, not a year or two earlier. Officer James Ramp was killed, other police and firefighters were wounded, nine MOVE members were later convicted, and television cameras recorded police beating Delbert Africa during his arrest. The 1985 MOVE Commission later specifically criticized city planners for failing to adequately use lessons from that 1978 confrontation. And that actually strengthens the point you’re making: 1985 did not happen without precedent or institutional memory. There had already been a deadly confrontation with MOVE, years of conflict, negotiations and police involvement before Osage Avenue.

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BLACK FACTS
The Truths They Never Taught You...

The Violence That Helped Spark the NAACP

In August 1908, a white mob attacked Springfield, Illinois’s Black community, destroying homes and businesses and lynching two Black men. National outrage over the violence helped spur the movement that created the NAACP the following year.

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NMAAHC

Training aircraft used by Tuskegee Institute

Date
ca. 1944
Subject of
Boeing Corporation, American, founded 1916
Tuskegee Airmen, 1941 - 1946
Maycie Herrington, American, 1918 - 2016
Paul Adams, American, 1920 - 2013
Charles E. McGee, American, 1919 - 2022
Nancy Leftenant-Colon, American, born 1920
Wilbur Mason, American, 1924 - 2016
Samuel Wesley Henderson, American, 1921 - 2016
Cyril O. Bryon, American, 1920 - 2015
George M. Boyd, American, 1926 - 2018
William J. Childs, American, 1923 - 2013
Alexander Jefferson, American, 1921 - 2022
LeRoy Eley, American, 1927 - 2012
O. Oliver Goodall, American, 1922 - 2010
Charles A. Lane, American, 1925 - 2013
Thurston L. Gaines Jr., American, 1922 - 2016
Lee A. Archer Jr., American, 1919 - 2010
Earl Martin, American, 1924 - 2019
Franklin J. Macon, American, 1923 - 2020
Rusty Burns, American, 1925 - 2022
Asa D. Herring Jr., American, 1926 - 2022
James E. Randall, American, 1926 - 2019
William H. Holloman III, American, 1924 - 2010
Robert Holts, American, 1924 - 2021
Bev Dunjill, American, 1927 - 2013
Leonard Hall, American, 1926 - 2013
Fitzroy Newsum, American, 1918 - 2013
James Harvey, American, born 1923
Dr. Roscoe C. Brown, American, 1922 - 2016
Samuel C. Hunter Jr., American, 1919 - 2013
Leo R. Gray, American, 1924 - 2016
Quentin Smith, American, 1918 - 2013
Oscar C. Gadson Jr., American, 1919 - 2021
James C. Warren, American, 1923 - 2014
Robert Ashby, American, 1926 - 2021
Claude R. Platte Jr., American, 1921 - 2013
Milton Williams Jr., American, 1922 - 2017
Used by
Tuskegee Institute, American, founded 1881
Caption
A vintage, open-cockpit biplane—one used at Alabama’s renowned Tuskegee Institute to train African American pilots for Army Air Corps service during World War II.
Description
The body of the PT-13D Stearman Kaydet aircraft is painted blue and the wings are painted yellow. The tail is yellow with red and white stripes. The numbers "18303" are white and located on the left and right sides of fuselage. "Spirit of Tuskegee" is printed in red and located on the left and right sides of engine cowl. There are two stars located on either side of the top wing. The stars are white within a black circle. Within the white stars are red circles. On the cargo cover are the signatures of 36 former Tuskegee Airmen.
Topic
African American
Aeronautics
HBCUs (Historically Black Colleges and Universities)
Military
Tuskegee Airmen
World War II
See more items in
National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Classification
Vehicles
Exhibition
Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968
On View
NMAAHC (1400 Constitution Ave NW), National Mall Location, Concourse 2, C 2053
Credit Line
Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
Data Source
National Museum of African American History and Culture
Object number
2011.82.1-.2
Type
training aircraft
Restrictions & Rights
No Known Copyright Restrictions
Proper usage is the responsibility of the user.
Medium
steel, aluminum, copper alloy, wood, polyester, rubber, plastic
Dimensions
H x W x D (2011.82.1): 114 × 386 × 300 in. (289.6 × 980.4 × 762 cm)
H x W x D (2011.82.2 baggage claim door): 21 1/2 × 30 3/4 × 2 3/4 in. (54.6 × 78.1 × 7 cm)
Title
Object Name • Training aircraft used by Tuskegee Institute
Record ID
nmaahc_2011.82.1-.2
Museum
NMAAHC
Title Sort
TRAINING AIRCRAFT USED BY TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE
Source
National Museum of African American History and Culture
Metadata Usage
CC0
Date
1930s • 1939-1945 • 1950s
Name
Henderson, Samuel Wesley • Herring, Asa D. • Boyd, George M. • Gadson, Oscar C. • Tuskegee Institute • Randall, James E. • Leftenant-Colon, Nancy • Mason, Wilbur • Harvey, James • Hunter, Samuel C. • Martin, Earl • Gray, Leo R. • Williams, Milton • Jefferson, Alexander • Brown, Roscoe C. • Herrington, Maycie • Goodall, O. Oliver • Burns, Rusty • Ashby, Robert • Bryon, Cyril O. • Hall, Leonard • Childs, William J. • Smith, Quentin • Platte, Claude R. • Holts, Robert • Eley, LeRoy • Boeing Corporation • Lane, Charles A. • McGee, Charles E. • Tuskegee Airmen • Newsum, Fitzroy • Gaines, Thurston L. • Archer, Lee A. • Adams, Paul • Warren, James C. • Macon, Franklin J. • Dunjill, Bev • Holloman, William H.
Topic
WW II • Tuskegee Airmen • Aeronautics • HBCUs (Historically Black Colleges and Universities) • Military • World War, 1939-1945
Culture
African Americans
Exhibition
NMAAHC • Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968
Type
training aircraft
On Physical Exhibit
Yes
Online Media Type
Images
Online Media Rights
No Known Copyright Restrictions

Media

Source: National Museum of African American History and Culture, Smithsonian Institution. Rights and restrictions shown above are supplied by the Smithsonian record.

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Training aircraft used by Tuskegee Institute

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TOPIC OF THE DAY

Greenwood / Black Wall Street

Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.

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TRIVIA QUESTION OF THE DAY

Who was the first African-American woman millionaire in the United States?

Madam C.J. Walker