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Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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Katherine Johnson’s mathematical calculations helped guide some of America’s most important early space missions while she confronted the racial and gender barriers faced by Black women in twentieth-century America.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
Peter Murray-Rust | |
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 at Wikimania 2014 | |
| Born | 1941 (age 84–85) Guildford, England |
| Education | Balliol College, Oxford |
| Known for | |
| Awards | Herman Skolnik Award |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | |
| Workplaces | |
| Thesis | A structural investigation of some compounds showing charge-transfer properties (1969) |
| Website | www-pmr |
Peter Murray-Rust is a chemist currently working at the University of Cambridge. As well as his work in chemistry, Murray-Rust is also known for his support of open access and open data.
He was educated at Bootham School,[citation needed] a private school in York, and at Balliol College, Oxford. After obtaining a Doctor of Philosophy with a thesis entitled A structural investigation of some compounds showing charge-transfer properties, he became lecturer in chemistry at the (new) University of Stirling and was first warden of Andrew Stewart Hall of Residence. In 1982, he moved to Glaxo Group Research at Greenford to head Molecular Graphics,[1] Computational Chemistry and later protein structure determination. He was Professor of Pharmacy in the University of Nottingham from 1996 to 2000, setting up the Virtual School of Molecular Sciences. He is now Reader Emeritus in Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge and Senior Research Fellow Emeritus at Churchill College, Cambridge.
His research interests have involved the automated analysis of data in scientific publications, creation of virtual communities, e.g. The Virtual School of Natural Sciences in the Globewide Network Academy, and the Semantic Web. With Henry Rzepa, he has extended this to chemistry through the development of markup languages, especially Chemical Markup Language.[2] He campaigns for open data, particularly in science, and is on the advisory board of the Open Knowledge International and a co-author of the Panton Principles for Open scientific data.[3] Together with a few other chemists, he was a founder member of the Blue Obelisk movement in 2005.[4][5][6]
In 2002, Peter Murray-Rust and his colleagues proposed an electronic repository for unpublished chemical data called the World Wide Molecular Matrix (WWMM). In January 2011, a symposium around his career and visions was organized, called Visions of a Semantic Molecular Future.[7][8][9][10] In 2011, he and Henry Rzepa were joint recipients of the Herman Skolnik Award of the American Chemical Society.[11] In 2014, he was awarded a Fellowship by the Shuttleworth Foundation to develop the automated mining of science from the literature.
In 2009 Murray-Rust coined the term "Doctor Who" model for the phenomenon exhibited by the Blue Obelisk project and other Open Science projects, where when a project leader does not have the resources to continue to lead a project (e.g. because he or she has moved to another university with other tasks), someone else will stand up to become the new leader and continue the project.[12][13] This is a reference to the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who, in which the main character periodically regenerates into a different form, which is played by a different actor.
As of 2014, Murray-Rust was granted a Fellowship by Shuttleworth Foundation in relation to the ContentMine project which uses machines to liberate 100,000,000 facts from the scientific literature.[14]
In recent years, Murray-Rust has been active in the #semanticClimate project, which focuses on semantifying climate data, IPPC reports, and generally making climate knowledge open and machine readable and actionable.[15][16]
Murray-Rust is also known for his work on making scientific knowledge from literature freely available, and in such taking a stance against publishers that are not fully compliant with the Berlin Declaration on Open Access. In 2014, he actively raised awareness of glitches in the publishing system of Elsevier, where restrictions were imposed by Elsevier on the reuse of papers after the authors had paid Elsevier to make the paper freely available.[17]
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Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Peter Murray-Rust is a chemist currently working at the University of Cambridge. As well as his work in chemistry, Murray-Rust is also known for his support of open access and open data.
Blue Obelisk is an informal group of chemists who promote open data, open source, and open standards; it was initiated by Peter Murray-Rust and others in 2005. Multiple open source cheminformatics projects associate themselves with the Blue Obelisk, among which, in alphabetical order, Avogadro, Bioclipse, cclib, Chemistry Development Kit, GaussSum, JChemPaint, JOELib, Kalzium, Openbabel, OpenSMILES, and UsefulChem. The project has handed out personal awards for achievements in promoting Open Data, Open Source and Open Standards. Among those who received a Blue Obelisk Award are: Christoph Steinbeck (2006) Geoff Hutchinson (2006) Bob Hanson (2006), Egon Willighagen (2007) Jean-Claude Bradley (2007) Ola Spjuth (2007) Noel O'Boyle (2010) Rajarshi Guha (2010) Cameron Neylon (2010) Alex Wade (2010) Nina Jeliazkova (2010) Henry Rzepa (2011) Dan Zaharevitz (2011) Sam Adams (2011) Jens Thomas (2011) Marcus Hanwell (2011) Roger Sayle (2011) the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (2012) Saulius Gražulis (2014) Antony Williams (2014) Daniel Lowe (2014) Andrew Lang (2014) Matthew H. Todd (2014) Greg Landrum (2016) Mark Forster (2016) John Mayfield (2017)
The World Wide Molecular Matrix (WWMM) was a proposed electronic repository for unpublished chemical data. First introduced in 2002 by Peter Murray-Rust and his colleagues in the chemistry department at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom, WWMM provided a free, easily searchable database for information about thousands of complicated molecules, data that would otherwise remain inaccessible to scientists. Murray-Rust, a chemical informatics specialist, has estimated that 80% of the results produced by chemists around the world is never published in scientific journals. Most of this data is not ground-breaking, yet it could conceivably be of use to scientists doing related projects—if they could access it. The WWMM was proposed as a solution to this problem. It would house the results of experiments on over 100,000 molecules in physical chemistry, organic chemistry, biochemistry and medicinal chemistry. In other scientific fields, the need for a similar depository to house inaccessible information could be more acute. In a presentation at the "CERN Workshop on Innovations in Scholarly Communications (OAI4)", Murray-Rust said that chemistry actually leads other fields in published data. He estimated that the majority of the data in some scientific fields never reaches publication. Although scientific in nature, the WWMM was part of the broader open archives and open source movements, pushes to make more and more information freely available to any user via the Internet or World Wide Web. In his CERN presentation, Murray-Rust stated that the WWMM was a "response to the expense of [scientific] journals", and he asked the rhetorical question, "Can we win the war to make data open, or will it be absorbed into the publishing and pseudo-publishing world?" Murray-Rust and his colleagues are also responsible for the development of the Chemical Mark-up Language (CML), a variant of XML intended for chemists.
Peter Murray may refer to: Peter Murray (architectural writer) (born 1944), British architectural journalist Peter Murray (art historian) (1920–1992), professor of history of art Peter Murray (arts administrator), founding director of Yorkshire Sculpture Park Peter L. Murray, American legal scholar Pete Murray (Australian singer-songwriter) (born 1969), Australian singer-songwriter Pete Murray (DJ) (born 1925), British radio and television presenter Pete Murray (American musician), American musician and singer-songwriter Peter J. Murray (born 1951), retired mathematics teacher and children's author Peter Murray (immunologist) (born 1965), Australian-American immunologist and biochemist Peter Marshall Murray (1888–1969), president of the National Medical Association, 1932–1933 Peter Murray (rugby union) (1884–1968), New Zealand rugby union player and politician Peter Murray (American businessman), American sports business executive Peter Murray (speedway rider) (born 1948), English motorcycle speedway rider
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
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