Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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THE BHP WIRE —
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Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
Katherine Johnson’s mathematical calculations helped guide some of America’s most important early space missions while she confronted the racial and gender barriers faced by Black women in twentieth-century America.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
Pronunciation is the way in which a word or a language is spoken. In American Sign Language, pronunciation describes how a sign is constructed.[1]
This may refer to generally agreed-upon sequences of sounds used in speaking a given word or all language in a specific dialect—"correct" or "standard" pronunciation—or simply the way a particular individual speaks a word or language.[2]
Words' pronunciations can be found in reference works such as dictionaries. General-purpose dictionaries typically only include standard pronunciations, but regional or dialectal pronunciations may be found in more specific works.[3] Orthoepy is the study of the pronunciation of a language.[4]
Pronunciation can vary among individuals and groups based on factors such as childhood cultural exposure, current place of residence, speech or voice disorders,[5] their ethnic group, their social class, or their education.[6]
Syllables are combinations of units of sound (phones), for example "goo" has one syllable made up of [g] and [u]. The branch of linguistics which studies these units of sound is phonetics.[7] Phones which play the same role are grouped together into classes called phonemes; the study of these is phonemics or phonematics or phonology. Phones as components of articulation are usually described using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).[8]
Media related to Pronunciation at Wikimedia Commons
The dictionary definition of pronunciation at Wiktionary| International | |
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Pronunciation is the way in which a word or a language is spoken. In American Sign Language, pronunciation describes how a sign is constructed. This may refer to generally agreed-upon sequences of sounds used in speaking a given word or all language in a specific dialect—"correct" or "standard" pronunciation—or simply the way a particular individual speaks a word or language. Words' pronunciations can be found in reference works such as dictionaries. General-purpose dictionaries typically only include standard pronunciations, but regional or dialectal pronunciations may be found in more specific works. Orthoepy is the study of the pronunciation of a language. Pronunciation can vary among individuals and groups based on factors such as childhood cultural exposure, current place of residence, speech or voice disorders, their ethnic group, their social class, or their education.
The pronunciation of GIF, an acronym for the Graphics Interchange Format, has been disputed since the 1990s. Popularly rendered in English as a one-syllable word, the acronym is most commonly pronounced GHIF (with a hard g as in gig) or JIF (with a soft g as in gin), differing in the phoneme represented by the letter G. Many public figures and institutions have taken sides in the debate; Steve Wilhite, the computer scientist who created the Graphics Interchange Format, gave a speech at the 2013 Webby Awards arguing for the soft-g pronunciation. Others have pointed to the term's origin from abbreviation of the hard-g word graphics to argue for the other pronunciation. Some speakers pronounce GIF as an initialism rather than an acronym, producing . The controversy stems partly from the fact that the pronunciation of an initial g is not standardized; the hard g prevails in words such as gift, while the soft g is used in others such as ginger. Linguistic analyses show no clear advantage for either phoneme based on the pronunciation frequencies of similar English words, and English dictionaries generally accept both main alternatives as valid. The pronunciation of the acronym can also vary in other languages.
Received Pronunciation (RP) is an accent of British English regarded as the standard accent of England, carrying high social prestige since the late 19th and especially early 20th century. It is recognised and influential throughout the whole English-speaking world. The study of RP is concerned only with matters of pronunciation, while other features of standard British English, such as vocabulary, grammar, and style, are not considered. Linguists have long disagreed on RP's exact definition, geographic neutrality, number of speakers, nature and classification of sub-varieties, appropriateness as a standard, origins, and even its name. Furthermore, RP has changed to such a degree over the last century that many of its early 20th-century traditions of transcription and analysis have become outdated or are no longer considered evidence-based by scholars. Still, the older traditions of RP analysis continue to be commonly taught and used, for instance in language education and comparative linguistics, and RP remains a popular umbrella term in British society. Standard Southern British English (SSBE) is a label some linguists prefer for the more recent variety that, since the late 20th century, has gradually evolved and diverged from earlier 20th-century RP or that is a newer standard accent of Southern England. While this new variant has risen in prestige, the early 20th-century variety of RP, also commonly referred to as the Queen's English or King's English, has diminished. There is no academic consensus about the terminology for these concepts; thus, some authors regard SSBE (or other terms) as entirely distinct from RP, while others use RP in a way that encompasses 21st-century SSBE. This article covers both topics.
A spelling pronunciation is the pronunciation of a word according to its spelling rather than its standard or traditional pronunciation. Words that are spelled with letters that were never pronounced or that were not pronounced for many generations have increasingly been pronounced as written, especially since the arrival of mandatory schooling and universal literacy. If a word's spelling was standardized prior to sound changes that produced its traditional pronunciation, a spelling pronunciation may reflect an older pronunciation. This is often the case with compound words (e.g., waistcoat, cupboard, forehead) and for many words with silent letters (e.g. often). Sometimes silent letters do not reflect older English pronunciations, but were added to reflect a word's spelling in its language of origin (e.g. victual, rhyming with little but derived from Late Latin victualia) or on the basis of erroneous etymologies (island, scythe). Spelling pronunciations are often prescriptively discouraged and perceived as incorrect next to the traditionally accepted, and usually more widespread, pronunciation. If a spelling pronunciation persists and becomes more common, it may eventually join the existing form as a standard variant (for example waistcoat and often), or even become the dominant pronunciation (as with forehead and falcon).
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Madam C.J. Walker
