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Mansa Musa was the ruler of the Mali Empire in West Africa. Details recorded here should be sourced; unknown information is left blank.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
| recover | |
|---|---|
| Original author | Chris Peters |
| Developers | Microsoft, IBM, Digital Research, Novell, Imre Leber |
| Release | 1983, 42–43 years ago |
| Written in | MS-DOS: x86 assembly language |
| Operating system | MS-DOS, PC DOS, SISNE plus, OS/2, eComStation, ArcaOS, Windows, DR DOS, FreeDOS |
| Platform | Cross-platform |
| Type | Command |
| License | MS-DOS: MIT FreeDOS: GPL |
| Website | docs |
| Repository | github |
In computing, recover is a primitive file system error recovery utility[1] included in MS-DOS / IBM PC DOS versions prior to DOS 6.0[2] and a number of other operating systems.
Typing recover at the DOS command-line invoked the program file RECOVER.COM or RECOVER.EXE (depending on the DOS version). recover proceeded under the assumption that all directory information included on a disk or disk partition was hopelessly corrupted, but that the FAT and non-directory areas might still contain useful information (though there might be additional bad disk sectors not recorded in the FAT).
The program removed all subdirectories and all entries in the root directory, and then created new files with names such as "FILE0001.REC" in the root directory, corresponding to the valid allocation chains that were found in the FAT area (excluding disk clusters that were tested and found to have hardware errors). A formerly bootable disk would no longer be bootable after recover had executed. The range of circumstances in which recover was genuinely useful was quite limited, and well-meaning DOS users sometimes created havoc by running recover under the misconception that it was a file undelete utility.[3]
In DOS version 5, another mode of operation was added: specifying a single filename on the command line would cause the program to test all the disk sectors used to store the file, and shorten the file by omitting sectors which tested bad.[4]
DR DOS 6.0 includes an implementation of the recover command.[5] The command is also available on SISNE plus[6] and IBM OS/2.[7] The FreeDOS version was developed by Imre Leber and is licensed under the GPL.[8]
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
In computing, recover is a primitive file system error recovery utility included in MS-DOS / IBM PC DOS versions prior to DOS 6.0 and a number of other operating systems.
Project Recover is an organization dedicated to gathering information that can lead to the location, identification and repatriation of remains of U.S. service members who were killed in action in the Republic of Palau (in the western Pacific) during WWII, and who are still listed as missing in action. The effort was begun in 1993 by Dr. Pat Scannon. Project Recover team members have backgrounds in SCUBA diving, aviation (with particular focus on World War II-vintage aircraft) and the history of American World War II involvement in the Pacific. The Project Recover team works closely with DPAA the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (formerly known as JPAC, or the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command), a joint-services organization based at Hickam Air Force Base in Honolulu, Hawaii. Basically, the BentProp team attempts to locate and identify sites that are associated with known U.S. MIAs, and to provide sufficient information about those sites to DPAA to help them justify mounting official recovery missions. Of the roughly 200 U.S. aircraft and their crews shot down in Palau between late March 1944 and August 1945, about half crashed outside Palau's barrier reef in water that is several thousand feet deep, putting their location and recovery well beyond the technical capability and resources of Project Recover. But there are still nearly 100 planes with crash sites thought to be on some of Palau's 200 or more islands, or in relatively shallow water inside the barrier reef. These sites are the targets of BentProp Project's research and field expeditions. Not affiliated with or sponsored by any private or governmental agencies, Project Recover team's volunteers do extensive research at the College Park, Maryland research facility of the National Archives and Records Administration and at various military archives around the world. They also conduct interviews with surviving service members, often at such gatherings as Squadron Reunions, and interviews with Palauan elders who were alive in Palau during the Japanese occupation. The team's field work is done in Palau during yearly expeditions that are usually about a month in duration. Because many U.S. aircraft shot down in Palau in 1944-1945 crashed in surrounding waters, the Project Recover team has done extensive underwater searching, using such tools as a towed caesium magnetometer and side-scan sonar. The team also does extensive land searches in the jungles of Palau, to follow up leads generated through local interviews and the team's archival research. To date, DPAA has sent recovery teams including forensic anthropologists, archaeologists, and Navy divers to investigate several sites that have been located and identified by the BentProp team. Some sites have yielded remains, which have been returned to DPAA's forensic lab in Hawaii for identification. The BentProp Project's work has been chronicled in a documentary, "Last Flight Home," produced by Dan O'Brien and Jennifer Powers, and a book, "Vanished," by Wil Hylton.
Pararescuemen (also known as Pararescue Jumpers or PJs) are United States Air Force special operators who conduct personnel recovery and combat search and rescue operations as well as other missions for the U.S. military and its allies. PJs are generally assigned to Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC) and Air Combat Command (ACC). Personnel recovery includes rescuing and providing medical treatment to injured or stranded personnel in hostile or remote environments, such as behind enemy lines or in the wilderness. Combat search and rescue operations recover personnel from enemy-controlled territory. They are attached to other special operations units from all branches to conduct other operations as appropriate. PJs have also supported NASA missions, and have recovered astronauts after water landings. Long an enlisted preserve, the Pararescue service expanded to include Combat Rescue Officers early in the 21st century. Of the roughly 200 Air Force Cross recipients, 12 are Pararescuemen.
The Recovery Console is a feature of the Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 operating systems. It provides the means for administrators to perform a limited range of tasks using a command-line interface. Its primary function is to enable administrators to recover from situations where Windows does not boot as far as presenting its graphical user interface. The recovery console is used to provide a way to access the hard drive in an emergency through the command prompt. The Recovery Console can be started from Windows 2000 / XP / 2003 Setup CD. The Recovery Console can be accessed in two ways, either through the original installation media used to install Windows, or by installing it onto the hard drive and adding it to the NTLDR menu. However, the latter option is much more risky than the former one because it requires that the computer can boot to the point that NTLDR loads, or else the Recovery Console will not work at all.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Joe Louis.
