Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
In 1968 Shirley Chisholm became the first Black woman elected to the United States Congress. In 1972 she launched a campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination, breaking another political barrier.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
This article needs to be updated. (August 2023) |
Red Hat, an IBM subsidiary specializing in computer software, offers different level of certification programs, most of which specialize in system administration. Certifications can be validated through Red Hat's webpage,[1] and expire after 3 years.[2]
RHCSA is a professional certification covering core system administration skills in Red Hat Enterprise Linux environments. It is obtained by passing the performance-based EX200 examination, which is based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10. The examination covers command-line tools, shell scripting, software and storage management, networking, user administration, security and basic container management.
Red Hat list completion of Red Hat System Administration I and II, the RHCSA Rapid Track course, or comparable experience administering Red Hat Enterprise Red Hat Enterprise Linux as preparation for the examination. Red Hat certifications remain current for three years.
The RHCSA certification was introduced in November 2010 as a replacement for the Red Hat Certified Technician certification. In May 2026, Red Hat reorganised its certification programme into five levels and classified RHCSA as a Level 2 certification.[3]
The 2009 figure of 30,000 RHCT holders may be retained as historical information, but it is not useful as a current certification statistic.
Self-titled "the flagship" certification,[4] RHCE is a mid- to advanced-level[5] certification that builds on topics covered in the RHCSA certification to include more advanced topics such as security and installing common enterprise networking (IP) services.[6] The certification has a heavy focus on automation using Ansible. To achieve the RHCE certification, the student must pass the RHCSA exam, EX200, and in addition EX294, a 4-hour hands-on lab exam. Red Hat recommends preparing for the exam by taking courses in Linux essentials (RH124), Linux administration (RH134), and Linux networking and security (RH254) if one does not have previous experience.[6] Previous real-world experience is also advised.[7]
RHCE was the first Red Hat certificate launched, in 1999.[8] As of July 2009 there were 40,000 RHCEs.[9] It was named the Hottest Certification for 2006 by CertCities.com.[10]
Self-titled "the capstone certificate",[11] RHCA is the most complete certificate in the program, adding an enterprise-level focus.
There are concentrations inside the RHCA on which a candidate may choose to focus, however choosing to do so is not required. The focuses are:
RHCA was launched in 2005.[8]
RHCVA is a certification that focuses on Virtualization administration.[12] To achieve the RHCVA certification the student must pass EX318, a 3-hour hands-on lab exam. There is no prerequisite for the exam, but Red Hat recommends preparing for the exam by taking the respective course, RH318, and by obtaining the RHCSA certification described above.[12] The exam also requires knowledge in using and installing Microsoft Windows operating systems.[13]
RHCVA was Launched in November 2009.[14]
JBCAA is a certification that focuses on managing the JBoss Enterprise Application Platform.[15] To achieve the JBCAA certification the student must pass EX248, a four-hour hands-on lab exam.[16] There is no prerequisite for the exam, but Red Hat recommends preparing for the exam by taking course JB248, a four-day course in JBoss application administration.[16]
JBCAA was Launched in September 2009.[17]
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Red Hat, an IBM subsidiary specializing in computer software, offers different level of certification programs, most of which specialize in system administration. Certifications can be validated through Red Hat's webpage, and expire after 3 years.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) is a commercial Linux distribution developed by Red Hat. Red Hat Enterprise Linux is released in server versions for x86-64, Power ISA, ARM64, and IBM Z and a desktop version for x86-64. Fedora Linux and CentOS Stream serve as its upstream sources. All of Red Hat's official support and training, together with the Red Hat Certification Program, focuses on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux platform. The first version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux to bear the name originally came onto the market as "Red Hat Linux Advanced Server". In 2003, Red Hat rebranded Red Hat Linux Advanced Server to "Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS" and added two more variants, Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES and Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS. As Red Hat Enterprise Linux is heavily based on open-source software and its source code is available to the public, it is used as the basis for several third-party derivatives, including the commercial Oracle Linux and the community-supported Rocky Linux and AlmaLinux. Prior to June 2023, Red Hat published a subset of Red Hat Enterprise Linux's source code to the public in the form of modified build artifacts. Today, the complete source code for the major-version branch is available in the form of the CentOS Stream repositories. Source code for other release branches remains available to customers in the form of unmodified build artifacts.
RHSA may refer to: Royal Humane Society of Australasia, an Australian charity Rosedale Heights School of the Arts, a high school in Toronto, Canada Red Hat Certification Program, Red Hat Certified System Administrator (RHCSA) is often incorrectly abbreviated as RHSA
Oracle Linux (abbreviated OL, formerly known as Oracle Enterprise Linux or OEL) is a Linux distribution packaged and freely distributed by Oracle, available partially under the GNU General Public License since late 2006. It is, in part, compiled from Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) source code, replacing Red Hat branding with Oracle's. It is also used by Oracle Cloud and Oracle Engineered Systems such as Oracle Exadata and others. Potential users can freely download Oracle Linux through Oracle's server, or from a variety of mirror sites, and can deploy and distribute it without cost. The company's Oracle Linux Support program aims to provide commercial technical support, covering Oracle Linux and existing RHEL or CentOS installations but without any certification from the former (i.e. without re-installation or re-boot). As of 2016, Oracle Linux has over 15,000 customers subscribed to the support program.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Joe Louis.