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THE JOURNEY THROUGH TIME

Explore Black History

Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.

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Civil Rights

Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.

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Black Inventors

Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.

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Sports

Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.

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People

Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.

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Places

Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.

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Events

Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.

Enter a person, place, event, or topic.
MY'STORY

The MOVE Fire

This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985 Philadelphia police fired thousands of rounds at the MOVE house, city officials approved dropping an explosive device on the roof, the resulting fire was allowed to burn, 11 people—including five children—died, and 61 homes were destroyed. Philadelphia City Council later called it a “brutal attack carried out by the City of Philadelphia on its own citizens” and acknowledged that no individual faced criminal consequences for the bombing. One timeline correction worth preserving for the BHP record: the major previous MOVE-police confrontation was August 8, 1978, about seven years before the bombing, not a year or two earlier. Officer James Ramp was killed, other police and firefighters were wounded, nine MOVE members were later convicted, and television cameras recorded police beating Delbert Africa during his arrest. The 1985 MOVE Commission later specifically criticized city planners for failing to adequately use lessons from that 1978 confrontation. And that actually strengthens the point you’re making: 1985 did not happen without precedent or institutional memory. There had already been a deadly confrontation with MOVE, years of conflict, negotiations and police involvement before Osage Avenue.

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BLACK FACTS
The Truths They Never Taught You...

Shirley Chisholm — Unbought and Unbossed

In 1968 Shirley Chisholm became the first Black woman elected to the United States Congress. In 1972 she launched a campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination, breaking another political barrier.

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BHP gathered finds from its connected research sources. Showing the 4 strongest Black History matches.
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Wikipedia

Red Hat Certification Program

Red Hat, an IBM subsidiary specializing in computer software, offers different level of certification programs, most of which specialize in system administration. Certifications can be validated through Red Hat's webpage,[1] and expire after 3 years.[2]

Certifications

[edit]

Red Hat Certified System Administrator (RHCSA)

[edit]

RHCSA is a professional certification covering core system administration skills in Red Hat Enterprise Linux environments. It is obtained by passing the performance-based EX200 examination, which is based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10. The examination covers command-line tools, shell scripting, software and storage management, networking, user administration, security and basic container management.

Red Hat list completion of Red Hat System Administration I and II, the RHCSA Rapid Track course, or comparable experience administering Red Hat Enterprise Red Hat Enterprise Linux as preparation for the examination. Red Hat certifications remain current for three years.

The RHCSA certification was introduced in November 2010 as a replacement for the Red Hat Certified Technician certification. In May 2026, Red Hat reorganised its certification programme into five levels and classified RHCSA as a Level 2 certification.[3]

The 2009 figure of 30,000 RHCT holders may be retained as historical information, but it is not useful as a current certification statistic.

Red Hat Certified Engineer (RHCE)

[edit]

Self-titled "the flagship" certification,[4] RHCE is a mid- to advanced-level[5] certification that builds on topics covered in the RHCSA certification to include more advanced topics such as security and installing common enterprise networking (IP) services.[6] The certification has a heavy focus on automation using Ansible. To achieve the RHCE certification, the student must pass the RHCSA exam, EX200, and in addition EX294, a 4-hour hands-on lab exam. Red Hat recommends preparing for the exam by taking courses in Linux essentials (RH124), Linux administration (RH134), and Linux networking and security (RH254) if one does not have previous experience.[6] Previous real-world experience is also advised.[7]

RHCE was the first Red Hat certificate launched, in 1999.[8] As of July 2009 there were 40,000 RHCEs.[9] It was named the Hottest Certification for 2006 by CertCities.com.[10]

Red Hat Certified Architect (RHCA)

[edit]

Self-titled "the capstone certificate",[11] RHCA is the most complete certificate in the program, adding an enterprise-level focus.

There are concentrations inside the RHCA on which a candidate may choose to focus, however choosing to do so is not required. The focuses are:

RHCA was launched in 2005.[8]

Red Hat Certified Virtualization Administrator (RHCVA)

[edit]

RHCVA is a certification that focuses on Virtualization administration.[12] To achieve the RHCVA certification the student must pass EX318, a 3-hour hands-on lab exam. There is no prerequisite for the exam, but Red Hat recommends preparing for the exam by taking the respective course, RH318, and by obtaining the RHCSA certification described above.[12] The exam also requires knowledge in using and installing Microsoft Windows operating systems.[13]

RHCVA was Launched in November 2009.[14]

JBoss Certified Application Administrator (JBCAA)

[edit]

JBCAA is a certification that focuses on managing the JBoss Enterprise Application Platform.[15] To achieve the JBCAA certification the student must pass EX248, a four-hour hands-on lab exam.[16] There is no prerequisite for the exam, but Red Hat recommends preparing for the exam by taking course JB248, a four-day course in JBoss application administration.[16]

JBCAA was Launched in September 2009.[17]

Examination required for each certification

[edit]
Name RHCSA RHCE RHCA RHCA: Application platform Archived 2015-07-14 at the Wayback Machine RHCA: Cloud RHCA: Datacenter Archived 2015-07-14 at the Wayback Machine RHCA: Enterprise application development Archived 2015-07-14 at the Wayback Machine RHCA: DevOps Archived 2016-04-20 at the Wayback Machine
EX125 - Red Hat Certified Specialist in Ceph Storage Administration exam No No Any 5 No No No No No
EX200 - Red Hat® Certified System Administrator (RHCSA) Exam Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
EX210 - Red Hat Certified System Administrator in Red Hat OpenStack exam No No Any 5 No Any 5 No No No
EX220 - Red Hat Certificate of Expertise in Hybrid Cloud Management exam (retired) No No Any 5 Yes Any 5 No No No
EX225 - Red Hat Certified JBoss Developer (RHCJD) exam No No No No No No Yes No
EX236 - Red Hat Certificate of Expertise in Hybrid Cloud Storage exam No No Any 5 No Any 5 Any 5 No No
EX240 - Red Hat Certified Specialist in API Management No No Any 5 No No No No No
EX248 - Red Hat Certified JBoss Administrator exam No No Any 5 Yes No Any 5 Any 5 No
EX270 - Red Hat Certificate of Expertise in Container Management exam (retired) No No Any 5 No Any 5 No No Yes
EX276 - Red Hat Certificate of Expertise in Containerized Application Development exam (retired) No No Any 5 No No No No Yes
EX280 - Red Hat Certified Specialist in OpenShift Administration exam No No Any 5 Yes Any 5 No No Yes
EX297 - Red Hat Certificate of Expertise in Persistence exam No No Any 5 No No No Any 5 No
EX300 - Red Hat Certified Engineer (RHCE) Exam No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
EX310 - Red Hat Certified Engineer in Red Hat OpenStack No No Any 5 No Any 5 No No No
EX318 - Red Hat Certified Specialist in Virtualization exam No No Any 5 No Any 5 Any 5 No No
EX342 - Red Hat Enterprise Linux Diagnostics and Troubleshooting exam No No Any 5 No No Any 5 No No
EX362 - Red Hat Certified Specialist in Identity Management exam No No Any 5 No No No No No
EX401 - Red Hat Certificate of Expertise in Enterprise Deployment and Systems Management Exam (retired) No No Any 5 No Any 5 Any 5 No No
EX403 - Red Hat Certified Specialist in Deployment and Systems Management exam No No Any 5 No No No No No
EX405 - Red Hat Certified Specialist in Configuration Management (retired) No No Any 5 No Any 5 Any 5 No Yes
EX407 - Red Hat Certificate of Expertise in Ansible Automation (retired) No No Any 5 No Any 5 No No Yes
EX413 - Red Hat Certificate of Expertise in Server Hardening (retired) No No Any 5 No No Any 5 No No
EX415 - Red Hat Certified Specialist in Security: Linux exam No No Any 5 No No No No No
EX421 - Red Hat Certified Specialist in Camel Development exam No No Any 5 No No No Any 5 No
EX425 - Red Hat Certified Specialist in Security: Containers and OpenShift Container Platform exam No No Any 5 No No No No No
EX427 - Red Hat Certified Specialist in Business Process Design exam[permanent dead link] No No Any 5 No No No Any 5 No
EX436 - Red Hat Certificate of Expertise in Clustering and Storage Management Exam No No Any 5 No No Any 5 No No
EX440 – Red Hat Certified Specialist in Messaging Administration exam No No Any 5 No No No No No
EX442 - Red Hat Certificate of Expertise in Performance Tuning Exam No No Any 5 No No Any 5 No No
EX447 - Red Hat Certified Specialist in Advanced Automation: Ansible Best Practices No No Any 5 No No No No No
EX450 - Red Hat Certificate of Expertise in Data Virtualization exam No No Any 5 Yes No No Any 5 No
EX453 - Red Hat Certificate of Expertise in Fast-Cache Application Development No No Any 5 No No No Any 5 No
EX465 - Red Hat Certificate of Expertise in Business Rules exam No No Any 5 No No No Any 5 No
Name RHCSA RHCE RHCA RHCA: Application platform Archived 2015-07-14 at the Wayback Machine RHCA: Cloud RHCA: Datacenter Archived 2015-07-14 at the Wayback Machine RHCA: Enterprise application development Archived 2015-07-14 at the Wayback Machine RHCA: DevOps[permanent dead link]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Verify a Red Hat Certified Professional - redhat.com". www.redhat.com.
  2. ^ "Linux Learning Centre – Certification Validity". linuxlearningcentre.com. Archived from the original on 2014-06-12.
  3. ^ "Red Hat Certified System Administrator exam | EX200". www.redhat.com. Retrieved 2026-07-15.
  4. ^ "New Training Certification Now Available From Red Hat" (Press release). Red Hat. October 24, 2007. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  5. ^ "RHCE Training". tiit.co.in. Archived from the original on 23 August 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  6. ^ a b "Red Hat Certified Engineer (RHCE)". redhat.com. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  7. ^ "RH302 - Red Hat Certified Engineer Exam". redhat.com. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  8. ^ a b "Linux Certification FAQ". gocertify.com. Archived from the original on 24 January 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  9. ^ "Test Your RHCE and RHCT Skills for Free at Red Hat Summit" (Press release). Red Hat. 28 July 2009. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  10. ^ "Feature: CertCities.com's 10 Hottest Certifications for 2006". certcities.com. 14 December 2005. Archived from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
  11. ^ "Red Hat Certified Architect (RHCA)". redhat.com. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  12. ^ a b "Red Hat Certified Virtualization Administrator (RHCVA)". redhat.com. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  13. ^ "RHCVA Study Guide". redhat.com. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  14. ^ "Red Hat Rolls Out Virtualization Platform for Heterogeneous Servers and Clouds" (Press release). November 3, 2009. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  15. ^ "JBoss Certified Application Administrator (JBCAA)". redhat.com. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  16. ^ a b "EX248 Exam". redhat.com. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  17. ^ "Red Hat Expands Certification Portfolio with JBoss Certified Application Administrator". press.redhat.com (Press release). September 1, 2009. Retrieved 26 July 2010.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Jang, Michael. RHCSA/RHCE Red Hat Linux Certification Study Guide (RHEL 6). p. 1072. ISBN 978-0-07-176565-7.
  • Tommasino, Damian (2011). Hands-on Guide to the Red Hat Exams: RHCSA and RHCE Cert Guide and Lab Manual (RHEL 6). p. 600. ISBN 978-0321767950.
  • Ghori, Asghar (3 December 2012). Red Hat Certified System Administrator & Engineer (RHEL 6). p. 640. ISBN 978-1-467549400.
[edit]

Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.

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Wikipedia

Red Hat Certification Program

Red Hat, an IBM subsidiary specializing in computer software, offers different level of certification programs, most of which specialize in system administration. Certifications can be validated through Red Hat's webpage, and expire after 3 years.

MORE →
Wikipedia

Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) is a commercial Linux distribution developed by Red Hat. Red Hat Enterprise Linux is released in server versions for x86-64, Power ISA, ARM64, and IBM Z and a desktop version for x86-64. Fedora Linux and CentOS Stream serve as its upstream sources. All of Red Hat's official support and training, together with the Red Hat Certification Program, focuses on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux platform. The first version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux to bear the name originally came onto the market as "Red Hat Linux Advanced Server". In 2003, Red Hat rebranded Red Hat Linux Advanced Server to "Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS" and added two more variants, Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES and Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS. As Red Hat Enterprise Linux is heavily based on open-source software and its source code is available to the public, it is used as the basis for several third-party derivatives, including the commercial Oracle Linux and the community-supported Rocky Linux and AlmaLinux. Prior to June 2023, Red Hat published a subset of Red Hat Enterprise Linux's source code to the public in the form of modified build artifacts. Today, the complete source code for the major-version branch is available in the form of the CentOS Stream repositories. Source code for other release branches remains available to customers in the form of unmodified build artifacts.

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Wikipedia

RHSA

RHSA may refer to: Royal Humane Society of Australasia, an Australian charity Rosedale Heights School of the Arts, a high school in Toronto, Canada Red Hat Certification Program, Red Hat Certified System Administrator (RHCSA) is often incorrectly abbreviated as RHSA

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Wikipedia

Oracle Linux

Oracle Linux (abbreviated OL, formerly known as Oracle Enterprise Linux or OEL) is a Linux distribution packaged and freely distributed by Oracle, available partially under the GNU General Public License since late 2006. It is, in part, compiled from Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) source code, replacing Red Hat branding with Oracle's. It is also used by Oracle Cloud and Oracle Engineered Systems such as Oracle Exadata and others. Potential users can freely download Oracle Linux through Oracle's server, or from a variety of mirror sites, and can deploy and distribute it without cost. The company's Oracle Linux Support program aims to provide commercial technical support, covering Oracle Linux and existing RHEL or CentOS installations but without any certification from the former (i.e. without re-installation or re-boot). As of 2016, Oracle Linux has over 15,000 customers subscribed to the support program.

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TOPIC OF THE DAY

Greenwood / Black Wall Street

Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.

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TRIVIA QUESTION OF THE DAY

Which heavyweight champion was known as the “Brown Bomber”?

Joe Louis.