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THE JOURNEY THROUGH TIME

Explore Black History

Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.

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Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.

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Events

Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.

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MY'STORY

The MOVE Fire

This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985 Philadelphia police fired thousands of rounds at the MOVE house, city officials approved dropping an explosive device on the roof, the resulting fire was allowed to burn, 11 people—including five children—died, and 61 homes were destroyed. Philadelphia City Council later called it a “brutal attack carried out by the City of Philadelphia on its own citizens” and acknowledged that no individual faced criminal consequences for the bombing. One timeline correction worth preserving for the BHP record: the major previous MOVE-police confrontation was August 8, 1978, about seven years before the bombing, not a year or two earlier. Officer James Ramp was killed, other police and firefighters were wounded, nine MOVE members were later convicted, and television cameras recorded police beating Delbert Africa during his arrest. The 1985 MOVE Commission later specifically criticized city planners for failing to adequately use lessons from that 1978 confrontation. And that actually strengthens the point you’re making: 1985 did not happen without precedent or institutional memory. There had already been a deadly confrontation with MOVE, years of conflict, negotiations and police involvement before Osage Avenue.

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BLACK FACTS
The Truths They Never Taught You...

The Violence That Helped Spark the NAACP

In August 1908, a white mob attacked Springfield, Illinois’s Black community, destroying homes and businesses and lynching two Black men. National outrage over the violence helped spur the movement that created the NAACP the following year.

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BHP gathered finds from its connected research sources. Showing the 4 strongest Black History matches.
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Wikipedia

Repurposing

Plastic bottles (with LED lights) repurposed as a chandelier during Ramadan in the Muslim Quarter, Jerusalem
St William's College (York) facade. The curved wood protrusions are probably repurposed ship frames.
African music instrument made from a food can

Repurposing is the process by which an object with one use value is transformed or redeployed as an object with an alternative use value.

Description

[edit]

Repurposing is as old as human civilization, with many contemporary scholars investigating how different societies re-appropriate the artifacts of older cultures in new and creative ways.[1] More recently, repurposing has been celebrated by 21st century hobbyists and arts-and-crafts organizations such as Instructables and other Maker culture communities as a means of creatively responding to the ecological and economic crises of the 21st century. Recent scholarship has attempted to relate these activities to American left- and right-libertarianism.[2][3]

Repurposing is the use of a tool being re-channeled into being another tool, usually for a purpose unintended by the original tool-maker. Typically, repurposing is done using items usually considered to be junk, garbage, or obsolete. A good example of this would be the Earthship style of house, that uses tires as insulating walls and bottles as glass walls. Reuse is not limited to repeated uses for the same purpose. Examples of repurposing include using tires as boat fenders and steel drums or plastic drums as feeding troughs and/or composting bins. Incinerator and power plant exhaust stack fly-ash is used extensively as an additive to concrete, providing increased strength. This type of reuse can sometimes make use of items which are no longer usable for their original purposes, for example using worn-out clothes as rags.[4]

Examples

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External videos
video icon REUSE! Because You Can't Recycle the Planet (Official Full Documentary), Alex Eaves
German military helmets converted into a chamber pot and a strainer after World War II. Exhibits in the Resistance Museum, Amsterdam.
Skis repurposed as a bench

Art

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  • Appropriation (art) is the repurposing of pre-existing objects or images with little or no transformation applied to them. The use of appropriation has played a significant role in the history of the arts (audiovisual, literary, musical and performing arts). In the audiovisual arts, to appropriate means to properly adopt, borrow, recycle or sample aspects (or the entire form) of human-made audiovisual culture. Notable in this respect are the Readymades of Marcel Duchamp and sampling in Hip Hop music.
  • Steelpan drums are created from oil drums

Automobiles

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  • Full-size vans from the Big Three which have been used for airport shuttle service have been repurposed as church vans mainly because of some depreciation to facilitate affordable cost for thrifty church groups.[5]

Electronics

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  • A USB dead drop can be mounted on a brick wall since this gives an opportunity to repurpose older USB flash drives with obsolete capacities to continue service for file transfer (especially anonymous ones) that don't demand more than one gigabyte.[6]
  • Everdrive and other flash video game cartridges have offered opportunities to download ROM images of video game cartridges onto SD cards while offering opportunities to repurpose real vintage video game consoles for retro gameplay.[7]
  • Old Android smartphones, which tend to have little computing resources yet which are unused and probably contain a triaxial accelerometer of decent specifications, can be used as an amateur seismograph node for a distributed seismography project, e.g., Quake-Catcher Network.
  • Discarded or new consumer COTS surplus parabolic reflectors intended for use for C band satellite TV reception can be repurposed for a wide gamut of applications for which a consumer-grade reflector of low gain is adequate, incl. amateur microwave SETI (mainly Project Argus), Wi-Fi links, and microwave amateur radio radio beacons.

As a tactic for manufacturing goods

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  • Right-hand-drive Jeep brand vehicles, such as the Jeep Wrangler, which are initially slated for import to right-hand-drive countries, have had some specially designed versions repurposed for US and Canada postal service mail carrying, in which this tactic of repurposing can consolidate the overhead of retooling for specialty manufacturing of the vehicle.[8]

Manufacturing of recycled goods

[edit]

Drugs

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Real property

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Scrap and household materials

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  • Scrap metal has countless applications for repurposing.
  • Furniture has countless applications for repurposing.[13]
  • Kitchen utensils have many unique repurposing opportunities.[14]
  • Beverage-can stove, a do-it-yourself, ultralight, alcohol-burning portable stove, made using parts from two aluminium beverage cans.
  • Beverage bottles: Water bottles may be repurposed for solar water disinfection. Wat Pa Maha Chedi Kaew is a Buddhist temple in Thailand made from one million discarded beer bottles.
  • Pallet crafts, crafts and projects which use discarded wooden shipping pallets.
  • Removed house parts, like doors, also have countless potential repurposing applications.[15]

See also

[edit]
  • Code reuse – Using existing code in new software
  • Computer recycling – Form of recycling
  • Exaptation – Function of trait, shifted by evolution
  • Jury rigging – Term for a makeshift repair
  • Kitbashing – Creation of a new model by combining elements of multiple commercial kit models
  • Micro-sustainability – Individual or small scale sustainability efforts
  • Planned obsolescence – Product design with limited useful life
  • Recycling – Converting waste materials into new products
  • Remanufacturing – Concept in design and manufacturing
  • Resource recovery – Using wastes as an input material to create valuable products
  • Retrocomputing – Hobbyist use of older computer equipment
  • Reuse – Using something again
  • Reverse engineering – Process of extracting design information from anything artificial
  • Upcycling – Recycling waste into products of higher quality
  • Used good – Item that is not new being sold or transferred
  • Waste minimisation – Process that involves reducing the amount of waste produced in society
  • Zero waste – Set of principles focused on waste management

References

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  1. ^ "Medieval Recycling". Harvard Gazette. 12 April 2010. Retrieved 20 October 2014.
  2. ^ Malewitz, R. (2014) "The Practice of Misuse". Stanford University Press. Retrieved 20 October 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  3. ^ "Throwaways: Work Culture and Consumer Education". Stanford University Press. Archived from the original on 11 September 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2014.
  4. ^ "100 Ways to Repurpose and Reuse Broken Household Items". DIY & Crafts. 3 May 2014. Retrieved 14 June 2014.
  5. ^ Hammar, Richard R. "What Church Leaders Should Know About Church Vans". Enrichment Journal. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
  6. ^ "How to make your own". Deaddrops.com. 10 June 2013. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
  7. ^ Stoneagegamer's article on the Everdrive
  8. ^ Article title US Drive Right: The Nation's Largest Seller Of Used Factory Right Hand Drive Vehicles For Postal Carriers
  9. ^ "Debunking the Myths of Recycled Paper". IT Recycle. Retrieved 4 February 2007.
  10. ^ Sleigh, Sara H.; Barton, Cheryl L. (23 August 2012). "Repurposing Strategies for Therapeutics". Pharmaceutical Medicine. 24 (3): 151–159. doi:10.1007/BF03256811. S2CID 25267555.
  11. ^ Ashburn, TT; Thor, KB (August 2004). "Drug repositioning: identifying and developing new uses for existing drugs". Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery. 3 (8): 673–83. doi:10.1038/nrd1468. PMID 15286734. S2CID 205475073.
  12. ^ Institute of Medicine (2014). Drug Repurposing and Repositioning: Workshop Summary. National Academies Press. ISBN 9780309302043.
  13. ^ Upcycling,Recycling,Repurpose,&REUSE- furniture & household items to random ish
  14. ^ "Unique Repurposing Ideas". Sunshine Skips. 17 August 2016. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
  15. ^ Homebnc (3 June 2022). "45+ Artistic and Practical Repurposed Old Door Ideas". Homebnc. Retrieved 3 October 2022.

Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.

Wikipedia

Repurposing

Repurposing is the process by which an object with one use value is transformed or redeployed as an object with an alternative use value.

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Wikipedia

COVID-19 drug repurposing research

Drug repositioning (also known as drug repurposing, re-profiling, re-tasking, or therapeutic switching) is the repurposing of an approved drug for the treatment of a different disease or medical condition than that for which it was originally developed. This is one line of scientific research which is being pursued to develop safe and effective COVID-19 treatments. Other research directions include the development of a COVID-19 vaccine and convalescent plasma transfusion. Several existing antiviral medications, previously developed or used as treatments for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), HIV/AIDS, and malaria, have been researched as potential COVID-19 treatments, with some moving into clinical trials. In a statement to the journal Nature Biotechnology in February 2020, US National Institutes of Health Viral Ecology Unit chief Vincent Munster said, "The general genomic layout and the general replication kinetics and the biology of the MERS, SARS and [SARS-CoV-2] viruses are very similar, so testing drugs which target relatively generic parts of these coronaviruses is a logical step".

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Wikipedia

CWG (repurposing company)

CWG, also known as Communications Wireless Group, LLC (formerly CMB Wireless Group), is a global repurposing source for the wireless industry that specializes in the recycling and reuse of old cell phones, smartphones and associated accessories.

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Wikipedia

Repurposing (broadcasting)

Repurposing refers to a television industry practice in which content providers negotiate deals that allow a series to earn additional revenue during its original run. This is made possible by airing the series multiple times on the broadcast network which licensed it, or airing it concurrently on a cable network. As a result, the window between original run and syndication is shortened dramatically. Repurposing was the first significant adaptation of industry distribution practice since the advent of cable. Repurposing shortened the window to a matter of days between original run and syndication. Broadcast and cable developed repurposing pacts usually produced by studios also owned by broadcast networks or its conglomerate. Cable programmers hoped to increase audiences and awareness. An early example of repurposing is the financing deal made between NBC and the United States cable channel, giving USA rights to air “Law & Order: Special Victims Unit” within two weeks of its broadcast airing. Increases in license payments decreases initial risk for production companies by supplying additional revenue that helps to finance expensive projects. However, abandoning traditional conventions of exclusivity rights to a series may also lead to diminished profits due to over-saturation of the market. Nonetheless, media analysts have produced data that suggests series availability in any form of syndication negatively affects the audience size of the original run airing. Repurposing has caused concern for a number of industry professionals, due to the role of conglomerated ownership and deregulatory policies of eliminating Financial Interest and Syndication Rules (fin-syn). Yet “double-runs” of a series on its own network has become a common practice, especially for cable networks, and is considered a significant change in the established procedures of broadcasters. Once the television and broadcasting companies adapted to cable, it was said that the practice of original run repurposing marked the first significant adjustment to distribution practices beginning in 1999. Some will argue that the role of conglomerated ownership actually caused concern as networks announced repurposing arrangements that actually favored products from commonly owned studios.

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TOPIC OF THE DAY

Greenwood / Black Wall Street

Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.

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TRIVIA QUESTION OF THE DAY

What prosperous Tulsa district became widely known as “Black Wall Street”?

The Greenwood District.