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The MOVE Fire

This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985 Philadelphia police fired thousands of rounds at the MOVE house, city officials approved dropping an explosive device on the roof, the resulting fire was allowed to burn, 11 people—including five children—died, and 61 homes were destroyed. Philadelphia City Council later called it a “brutal attack carried out by the City of Philadelphia on its own citizens” and acknowledged that no individual faced criminal consequences for the bombing. One timeline correction worth preserving for the BHP record: the major previous MOVE-police confrontation was August 8, 1978, about seven years before the bombing, not a year or two earlier. Officer James Ramp was killed, other police and firefighters were wounded, nine MOVE members were later convicted, and television cameras recorded police beating Delbert Africa during his arrest. The 1985 MOVE Commission later specifically criticized city planners for failing to adequately use lessons from that 1978 confrontation. And that actually strengthens the point you’re making: 1985 did not happen without precedent or institutional memory. There had already been a deadly confrontation with MOVE, years of conflict, negotiations and police involvement before Osage Avenue.

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Katherine Johnson — Mathematics to the Moon

Katherine Johnson’s mathematical calculations helped guide some of America’s most important early space missions while she confronted the racial and gender barriers faced by Black women in twentieth-century America.

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Wikipedia

Riders Field

Riders Field
The home plate façade of the ballpark features gray siding and turret roofs.
The home plate entrance
Riders Field is located in Texas
Riders Field
Riders Field
Location within Texas
Riders Field is located in the United States
Riders Field
Riders Field
Location within the United States
Map
Interactive map of Riders Field
Former names
Dr Pepper/Seven Up Ballpark (2003–2006)
Dr Pepper Ballpark (2007–2020)
Address7300 RoughRiders Trail
Frisco, Texas
U.S.
Coordinates33°05′54″N 96°49′12″W / 33.09833°N 96.82000°W / 33.09833; -96.82000
OwnerFrisco RoughRiders LP[1]
OperatorFrisco RoughRiders LP[2]
Capacity7,748 (fixed seating)[3]
10,216 (plus additional seating)[3]
SurfaceGrass
Record attendance
12,081 (July 3, 2025; Frisco RoughRiders vs. Arkansas Travelers)[4]
Field size
Left field: 335 feet (102 m)
Left-center field: 364 feet (111 m)
Center field: 409 feet (125 m)
Right-center field: 383 feet (117 m)
Right field: 335 feet (102 m)[3]
Construction
GroundbreakingFebruary 6, 2002 (2002-02-06)
OpenedApril 3, 2003 (2003-04-03)
Cost$22.7 million
($39.7 million in 2025 dollars[5])
ArchitectsDavid M. Schwarz[3]
HKS, Inc.[3]
Project manager
The Beck Group[6]
Services engineer
G.W. Vines[6]
General contractor
Centex Construction Co.[6]
Tenant
Frisco RoughRiders (TL) 2003–present

Riders Field, formerly known as Dr Pepper/Seven Up Ballpark and Dr Pepper Ballpark, is a baseball park in Frisco, Texas, United States. The home of the Double-A Frisco RoughRiders of the Texas League, it opened on April 3, 2003, and can seat up to 10,216 people. Though primarily a venue for Minor League Baseball games, the facility also hosts high school and college baseball tournaments, and other public and private events throughout the year. It has been the site of three Texas League All-Star Games.

Since its opening, Riders Field has won awards and garnered praise for its unique design, feel, and numerous amenities. In his design, park architect David M. Schwarz desired the creation of a village-like "park within a (ball)park". The stadium received the 2003 Texas Construction Award for Best Architectural Design.

Attendance for RoughRiders games at the stadium has consistently placed either first or second in the Texas League, and at the Double-A classification since its opening. After having the second-highest attendance in its first two seasons, as of 2020, it has had the highest in the league and classification since 2005.

History

[edit]

Development

[edit]

In 2001, Mandalay Sports Entertainment, owner of the Shreveport SwampDragons Double-A baseball team, members of the Texas League, reached an agreement with Southwest Sports Group to move the team to Frisco, Texas, for the 2003 season.[7] As part of the deal, Southwest Sports Group assumed part-ownership of both the team and the ballpark to be built in Frisco.[8] The project, designed by David M. Schwarz Architectural Services and HKS Sports & Entertainment Group,[6] broke ground on February 6, 2002.[3]

The ballpark was conceived as the anchor of a 74-acre (0.30 km2) $300 million development project near the intersection of State Highway 121 and the Dallas North Tollway.[8] The project was jointly funded by the city of Frisco and Southwest Sports Group. The city put forth $67 million to build the complex, which was raised through special financing, unconnected to the city tax rate.[8]

Naming rights

[edit]

Local soft-drink manufacturing company Dr Pepper/Seven Up purchased the naming rights to the stadium in January 2003 for ten years with an option for a further five years, naming it Dr Pepper/Seven Up Ballpark.[9] This was shortened to Dr Pepper Ballpark prior to the 2006 season.[10]

In August 2017, Dr Pepper Snapple Group declined to renew their expiring naming rights agreement.[11] The RoughRiders began looking for a new naming-rights partner during the 2017 season.[12] With Dr Pepper signage still in place at the park before the 2019 season, an unidentified former team employee told the Dallas Observer that the name stayed the same because the team did not want to spend money replacing the old signs.[12] During that season, a May 23 Dallas News story about Keurig Dr Pepper's growing presence in Frisco and other North Dallas suburbs stated that Dr Pepper was the ballpark's sponsor, but no specific details of a new naming rights agreement were given.[13] As of January 2021, the ballpark continued to bear the soft drink's name.[14] Beginning with the start of the 2021 season, the ballpark is known as Riders Field.[15]

Minor League Baseball

[edit]

In the ballpark's inaugural game on April 3, 2003,[16] the Frisco RoughRiders lost to the Tulsa Drillers, 16–2.[17] The soldout game was attended by 10,685 people.[18] The RoughRiders earned their first home victory the next day, defeating the Drillers, 4–3.[17]

A view from right field of the seating bowl and grandstand at the ballpark
The grandstand as seen from right field

The Texas League All-Star Game was held at Dr Pepper/Seven Up Ballpark on June 21, 2005.[19] In the game, a team of All-Stars from the league's West Division, including members of the RoughRiders, defeated the East Division All-Star Team, 5–0, before a crowd of 10,398 people.[19]

The ballpark hosted its first Major League Baseball exhibition game between the Texas Rangers, the RoughRiders' affiliate, and the Florida Marlins on March 31, 2006.[20] Mark Teixeira scored the winning run for the Rangers with a two-run home run in the third inning.[21] Texas won, 4–1, before a soldout crowd of 10,551.[22] The Rangers returned for an exhibition against Double-A Frisco on March 29, 2008.[23] The minor league squad defeated their major league parent, 7–2, with 10,492 people in attendance.[23]

The ballpark hosted its second Texas League All-Star Game on July 1, 2009.[24] The North Division All-Stars defeated the South Division All-Stars, 2–1, before a crowd of 10,314 people.[24] The 2017 Texas League All-Star Game was held in Frisco on June 27.[25] With 10,317 people in attendance,[26] the South All-Stars defeated the North All-Stars, 10–3.[25]

Other events

[edit]

Though primarily a venue for the Frisco RoughRiders, Riders Field has also hosted the Tournament of Champions high school baseball tournament since 2004.[27] It began hosting a similar tournament for college teams, the Frisco College Baseball Classic, in 2017.[28]

As baseball is not a year-round event, the facility is used for other events throughout the year. It has hosted corporate events, such as company softball games and movie nights, in addition to local charity events, such as 5K runs and bike races.[29] Since January 2006, the stadium has been the site of the opening ceremonies of the annual TXU Energy Winter Games of Texas.[30] The ballpark has also hosted wedding receptions, the opening ceremonies for the Frisco Baseball and Softball Association,[31] city of Frisco events, and church services.[32]

Facilities

[edit]

Architecture and design

[edit]
People visiting the ballpark walking along a tree-lined pathway
A demonstration of the "park within a (ball)park" dynamic behind the building in center field. Patrons may walk around the entire park using this path.

The design of Riders Field was spearheaded by David M. Schwarz. He had a stated goal of creating a "park within a (ball)park" in the stadium. To achieve this effect, the nine interconnected pavilions, where concessions, restrooms, and luxury suites are located, are built separately from the main seating area. The space between these pavilions allows for improved air flow in the Texas heat; the wind can move through the buildings and is not impeded by their presence.[33] Constructed of James Hardie fiber cement siding, architectural critics have commented that their layout and material choice enhances the village-like feel of the ballpark, giving it a "coastal Galveston aesthetic".[34] Others have commented that the design is very reminiscent of Churchill Downs in Kentucky.[33]

Following its construction in 2003, the facility received the 2003 Texas Construction award for Best Architectural Design, and the surrounding sports complex was selected as the Best Sports and Entertainment project.[34] It was named the best new ballpark in the country by BaseballParks.com.[33]

Seating

[edit]
A baseball game on a green field as seen from the seating bowl behind home plate
The playing field as seen from the grandstand

The seating area is populated by 7,748 open-air fold-down stadium seats.[3] Combined with general admission for standing room-only and grass berm seating, the stadium can hold a capacity crowd of 10,216.[3] The concourse area, between the pavilions and the seating area, wraps completely around the ballpark. Critics have commented positively on the 360-degree views afforded by this construction choice.[35]

The ballpark features 26 luxury suites located on the second level of the ballpark, which feature patio balconies from which to view the game and closed-circuit television feeds of the game.[14] The bullpens for each team are built into the stands behind the first and third base lines.[35] In the outfield, seating is available on the grass area. This area was originally branded "San Juan Hill", after the Battle of San Juan Hill in which the team's namesake Rough Riders fought. The area later became known as simply "The Lawn", paired with a corporate sponsor.[36]

The ballpark includes other group areas, including covered party decks on the right and left field concourses, decks behind the bullpens on the first and third base sides, a large meeting space on the second level behind home plate, and a covered area on the third base concourse.[37]

Lazy river

[edit]
An illustration of a green baseball diamond with "Dr Pepper" and "7 Up" written across its center with "Ballpark" written below on an unfurled banner
Former ballpark logo

Originally, the park featured a swimming pool built just past the wall in right field, level with the top of the outfield fence. Groups were able to rent the pool during games.[38] In 2016, the pool was replaced by a lazy river water ride.[39] Filled with 68,000 gallons (260,000 L; 57,000 imp gal) of water, the lazy river consists of a 174-foot-long (53 m) loop course; a full lap around the course is about 400 feet (120 m).[40] Individual tickets with access to the lazy river are available for guests of all ages during Sunday games, while it is reserved for adults 21 years and older on Thursdays.[40] On other home dates, it is available to rent for groups of 25 to 200 people.[40]

Infrastructure upgrades

[edit]

After a previous stadium Wi-Fi upgrade in 2017,[41] Riders Field underwent major wired and wireless infrastructure upgrades prior to the 2026 season in partnership with Fortinet and Reliable Technology Services.[42][43] Frisco ISD Career and Technical Education students participated in the project through the district's practicum program.[44]

Attendance

[edit]

The stadium ranked second in attendance in the Texas League and across the Double-A classification in its first two seasons (2003 and 2004).[45] From 2005 through 2020, it ranked first.[45][46] Riders Field's single-game attendance record was broken on July 4, 2026, during a game between the RoughRiders and the Midland Rockhounds, drawing 12,198 fans.[4][47] The park's season attendance record of 666,977 and average attendance record of 9,394 were set in its inaugural 2003 season.[45]

References

[edit]
Specific
  1. ^ Goldberg-Strassler, Jesse (November 14, 2012). "Dr Pepper Ballpark / Frisco RoughRiders". Ballpark Digest. August Publications. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
  2. ^ Reichard, Kevin (June 16, 2014). "Greenberg, Sonju Close On Purchase of Frisco RoughRiders". Ballpark Digest. August Publications. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Frisco RoughRiders Media Guide 2019, p. 10.
  4. ^ a b Bigley, Zach (July 4, 2026). "Riders host biggest crowd in franchise history on Fourth of July". MLB.com. Frisco RoughRiders. Retrieved August 1, 2026.
  5. ^ 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  6. ^ a b c d "2003 Top Projects". Texas Construction. McGraw-Hill. 2003. Archived from the original on February 10, 2012. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
  7. ^ "Shreveport AA Baseball Franchise to Move to Frisco". Longview News-Journal. December 4, 2001. p. 2D – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ^ a b c Wood, Sean (December 4, 2001). "Hicks to Build in Frisco". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. p. 1C – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ^ Pierce, Damien (January 28, 2003). "Tryouts Allow Teams to Dream, Too". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. p. 2D – via Newspapers.com.
  10. ^ "RoughRiders, Cadbury Schweppes Americas Beverages to Rename Ballpark" (PDF). Dr. Pepper/7Up Bottling Group. March 31, 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 20, 2006. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
  11. ^ Wigglesworth, Valerie (August 22, 2017). "Naming Rights for Ballpark in Frisco up for Grabs After Dr Pepper Pulls Back". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
  12. ^ a b Whitt, Richie (February 19, 2019). "As Sports Boom in Frisco, the RoughRiders Reboot to Stay Competitive". Dallas Observer. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
  13. ^ Brown, Steve (May 23, 2019). "Dr Pepper Pops the Top on Its New Frisco Headquarters at the Dallas Cowboys' Star". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
  14. ^ a b "Dr Pepper Ballpark". Frisco RoughRiders. Minor League Baseball. Archived from the original on January 27, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
  15. ^ Yeomans, Meredith (May 6, 2021). "Frisco RoughRiders, Fans Return to the Field After 20 Months". NBCDFW. Retrieved June 26, 2021.
  16. ^ Pierce, Damien (April 3, 2003). "A Whole New Ballgame". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. p. 7D – via Newspapers.com.
  17. ^ a b "Standings". Austin American-Statesman. April 5, 2003. p. C7 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. ^ Frisco RoughRiders Media Guide 2019, p. 32.
  19. ^ a b "Hounds Key West to All-Star Victory". The Odessa American. June 22, 2005. p. 1D – via Newspapers.com.
  20. ^ Sins, Ken (March 31, 2006). "Trio of Homers Enough for Rangers". Texas Rangers. Major League Baseball. Archived from the original on April 16, 2008. Retrieved November 27, 2020.
  21. ^ "Teixeria Hits Homer, Helps Life Rangers Over Marlins, 4-1". The Marshall News Messenger. April 1, 2006. p. 1B – via Newspapers.com.
  22. ^ "Friday's Box Score". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. April 1, 2006. p. 4D – via Newspapers.com.
  23. ^ a b Verdejo, Angel H. (March 30, 2008). "Tejeda Gets Lost in His Transition to Relief". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. p. 8C – via Newspapers.com.
  24. ^ a b Henry, John (July 2, 2009). "After Looking a Little Bit Lost, Kiker's Star Back On the Rise". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. p. 6D – via Newspapers.com.
  25. ^ a b "Texas League". The Springfield News-Leader. June 28, 2017. p. 2D – via Newspapers.com.
  26. ^ Frisco RoughRiders Media Guide 2019, p. 37.
  27. ^ "Frisco to Host 2006 Tournament of Champions". Frisco RoughRiders. Minor League Baseball. March 3, 2006. Archived from the original on December 9, 2020. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  28. ^ Spedden, Zach (March 25, 2016). "New for 2017: Frisco College Baseball Classic". Ballpark Digest. August Publications. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  29. ^ "Cyclist Maps for the Sam's Club MS 150". MS 150 Dallas. Archived from the original on August 20, 2006. Retrieved August 3, 2006.
  30. ^ "2006 Winter Games of Texas". Frisco Convention & Visitors Bureau. Archived from the original on March 24, 2007. Retrieved July 31, 2006.
  31. ^ "Everything and the Kitchen Sink". Frisco RoughRiders. March 26, 2004. Retrieved January 25, 2009.
  32. ^ Arnold, Lauri (May 15, 2003). "Prestonwood Hosts Community Sunrise Service". Southern Baptists of Texas Convention. Archived from the original on September 29, 2005. Retrieved August 3, 2006.
  33. ^ a b c Mock, Joe. "Dr Pepper Ballpark". Baseball Parks. Retrieved November 27, 2020.
  34. ^ a b "Texas Construction's Best of 2003 Awards" (PDF). Texas Construction. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 29, 2003. Retrieved November 27, 2020.
  35. ^ a b Merzbach, Brian. "Dr. Pepper / 7-Up Ballpark – Frisco, Texas". Ballpark Review. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  36. ^ "Policies and Information". Frisco RoughRiders. Minor League Baseball. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  37. ^ "Seating Map". Frisco RoughRiders. Minor League Baseball. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  38. ^ "The New Definition of Cool". Frisco RoughRiders. Archived from the original on July 10, 2006. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  39. ^ Wright, Jarah (April 19, 2016). "Frisco's Lazy River Slated to Open June 11". Ballpark Digest. August Publications. Retrieved November 27, 2020.
  40. ^ a b c "Lazy River". Frisco RoughRiders. Minor League Baseball. Retrieved November 27, 2020.
  41. ^ "Purple's WiFi Analytics Platform Hits the Spot for Frisco RoughRiders". PR Newswire (Press release). Purple. June 13, 2017. Retrieved May 21, 2026.
  42. ^ Chapel, Chloe (September 26, 2025). "The RoughRiders' stadium just went high-tech—here's what fans need to know". Community Impact. Retrieved May 21, 2026.
  43. ^ Bigley, Zach (March 25, 2026). "What's New at Riders Field in 2026". MiLB.com. Retrieved May 21, 2026.
  44. ^ "FISD Applause! Applause!". Frisco Independent School District. October 10, 2025. Retrieved May 21, 2026. CTEC Students Contribute to Stadium Network Upgrade
  45. ^ a b c Frisco RoughRiders Media Guide 2019, p. 11.
  46. ^ "Texas League Attendance". Texas League. Minor League Baseball. Archived from the original on May 1, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2020.
  47. ^ Preisendorf, Matilda (July 13, 2026). "Frisco RoughRiders Set Attendance Record With 12,198 Fans On July 4th". Local Profile. Plano, Texas: Community Profile, LLC. Retrieved August 1, 2026.
General
[edit]

Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.

Wikipedia

Riders Field

Riders Field, formerly known as Dr Pepper/Seven Up Ballpark and Dr Pepper Ballpark, is a baseball park in Frisco, Texas, United States. The home of the Double-A Frisco RoughRiders of the Texas League, it opened on April 3, 2003, and can seat up to 10,216 people. Though primarily a venue for Minor League Baseball games, the facility also hosts high school and college baseball tournaments, and other public and private events throughout the year. It has been the site of three Texas League All-Star Games. Since its opening, Riders Field has won awards and garnered praise for its unique design, feel, and numerous amenities. In his design, park architect David M. Schwarz desired the creation of a village-like "park within a (ball)park". The stadium received the 2003 Texas Construction Award for Best Architectural Design. Attendance for RoughRiders games at the stadium has consistently placed either first or second in the Texas League, and at the Double-A classification since its opening. After having the second-highest attendance in its first two seasons, as of 2020, it has had the highest in the league and classification since 2005.

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Wikipedia

Frisco RoughRiders

The Frisco RoughRiders (often shortened to 'Riders) are a Minor League Baseball team of the Texas League and the Double-A affiliate of the Texas Rangers. Based in Frisco, Texas, the team is named after the 1st U.S. Volunteer Cavalry Regiment during the Spanish–American War, headed by future American President Theodore Roosevelt, nicknamed "The Rough Riders" by the American press. They play their home games at Riders Field, which opened in 2003 and seats 10,316 people. The RoughRiders have served as an affiliate of the Rangers since their establishment in 2003 as members of the Texas League. They moved to the Double-A Central in 2021, but this was renamed the Texas League in 2022. Frisco has reached the postseason on seven occasions. They have won five division titles and two league championships. Their first Texas League title was won in 2004, and the RoughRiders secured their second title in 2022.

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Wikipedia

Saskatchewan Roughriders

The Saskatchewan Roughriders are a professional Canadian football team based in Regina, Saskatchewan. The Roughriders compete in the Canadian Football League (CFL) as a member club of the league's West Division. The Roughriders were founded in 1910 as the Regina Rugby Club. Although not the first football team in Western Canada, the club has maintained an unbroken organizational continuity since their founding. The Roughriders are the third-oldest professional gridiron football team in existence today (only the Arizona Cardinals and Toronto Argonauts are older). The Roughriders are both the oldest professional sports team still in existence that continuously has been based in Western Canada and the oldest in North America to continuously have been based west of St. Louis, Missouri. The team changed their name to the Regina Roughriders in 1924, and to the current moniker in 1946. The Roughriders played their home games at historic Taylor Field from 1936 to 2016; in 2017, the team moved to the newly constructed Mosaic Stadium at Evraz Place. The team draws fans from across Saskatchewan and Canada who are affectionately known as the Rider Nation. The Roughriders play in the smallest market in the CFL, and the second-smallest major-league market in North America (Green Bay, Wisconsin is smaller). They have finished first in what is now the West Division nine times and have won the Western championship a record 29 times. They have played for the Grey Cup 20 times, winning five (1966, 1989, 2007, 2013, 2025). The team has had 20 players inducted into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame. The Riders' biggest rival is the Winnipeg Blue Bombers; games between the two are often sold out before the beginning of the season. The Roughriders Football Club and the city of Regina have hosted the Grey Cup four times (1995, 2003, 2013, 2022), and will host a fifth in 2027.

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Wikipedia

Rough Riders

The Rough Riders was a nickname given to the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry, one of three such regiments raised in 1898 for the Spanish–American War and the only one to see combat. The United States Army was small, understaffed, and disorganized in comparison to its status during the American Civil War roughly thirty years prior. Following the sinking of USS Maine, President William McKinley needed to muster a strong ground force swiftly, which he did by calling for 125,000 volunteers to assist in the war. The U.S. had gone to war in opposition to Spanish colonial policies in Cuba, which was then torn by a rebellion. The regiment was also nicknamed "Wood's Weary Walkers" for its first commander, Colonel Leonard Wood. This reflected their dissatisfaction that despite being cavalry, they ended up fighting in Cuba as light infantry, since their horses were not sent there with them. Wood's second in command was former Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt, who later became president, a strong advocate for the Cuban War of Independence. When Wood was promoted to become commander of the 2nd Cavalry Brigade, the regiment became known as "Roosevelt's Rough Riders". That term was borrowed from Buffalo Bill, who called his traveling Western show "Buffalo Bill's Wild West and Congress of Rough Riders of the World." The original plan called for the regiment to be composed of frontiersmen from the Indian Territory, the New Mexico Territory, the Arizona Territory, and the Oklahoma Territory. However, after Roosevelt joined the ranks, it attracted an odd mixture of Ivy League athletes, glee club singers, Texas Rangers, and Native Americans. All accepted into the regiment had to be skilled horsemen and eager to see combat. The Rough Riders would receive more publicity than any other Army unit in that war, and they are best remembered for their conduct during the Battle of San Juan Hill, though it is seldom mentioned how heavily they outnumbered the Spanish soldiers who opposed them. Several days after the Battle of San Juan Hill, the Spanish fleet sailed from Cuba, and in only a few weeks an armistice ending the fighting was signed. Despite the brevity of their service, the Rough Riders became legendary, thanks in large part to Roosevelt's writing his own history of the regiment and the silent film reenactments made years later.

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TOPIC OF THE DAY

Greenwood / Black Wall Street

Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.

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TRIVIA QUESTION OF THE DAY

Which Supreme Court case ruled state-sponsored public-school segregation unconstitutional?

Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.