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In 1968 Shirley Chisholm became the first Black woman elected to the United States Congress. In 1972 she launched a campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination, breaking another political barrier.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
| Saek | |
|---|---|
| แถร̄ก | |
| Native to | Laos, Thailand |
Native speakers | 10,000 (2007–2015)[1] |
| Thai script | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | skb |
| Glottolog | saek1240 |
| ELP | Saek |
 Saek is classified as Severely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. | |
Saek (Sek; Thai: ภาษาแสก) is a Tai language spoken in at least ten villages in Khammouane Province, Laos, and at least four villages in Nakhon Phanom Province in northeastern Thailand, just across the Mekong River. It is spoken by the Saek people.
A grammar of Saek (as spoken in Laos) was written by Weijian Meng in 2023.[2]
The Saek tones are (Hudak & Gedney 2010):
Saek tonal splits are as follows (See Proto-Tai language#Tones for clarification.).
| *A | *B | *C | *DS | *DL | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aspirated | 2, 1 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 6 |
| Unaspirated | 1 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 6 |
| Glottalized | 1 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 6 |
| Voiced | 4 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 5 |
Saek is spoken in the following locations (Hudak & Gedney 2010:251-252).
Two Saek villages are "Ban Asamat" and "Ban Phai Lom," located just off the main river road a few kilometers north of Nakhon Phanom city. Another is Ban Ba Wa Saek, located further upriver, but inland a few kilometers. However, except for the older generation, the Saek language is all but disappearing as there is a strong tendency for younger generations to use the local trade language Lao/Isan, and/or the official Central Thai language as they are assimilated into mainstream Thai society.
William Gedney lists the following Saek villages in Nakhon Phanom Province, Thailand.
According to Gedney, abandoned Saek villages in Thailand include:
According to Gedney's texts and notebooks, Saek is spoken in the following locations in Laos.
Chamberlain (1998) cites the following Saek-speaking villages in Laos. District codes are also given in parentheses (see districts of Laos).
Morev notes that Saek is also spoken in the following districts of Khammouane Province, Laos.
The Saek speakers of Laos live adjacent to Bru and Mène speakers (Chamberlain 1998).
Additional data on Saek of Laos has since been collected by Jean Pacquement (2016, 2017, 2018).[4][5][6]
According to Gedney, Vietnam is said to have the two following Saek villages. However, Chamberlain (1998) notes that all villages listed by Gedney to be in Vietnam are actually in Laos.
According to Gedney, abandoned Saek villages in Vietnam (Laos according to Chamberlain) include the following. Their equivalents in Chamberlain (1998) are given in parentheses.
There are perhaps some Saek speakers in China, where they are classified as Zhuang people.[7][full citation needed]
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Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Saek (Sek; Thai: ภาษาแสก) is a Tai language spoken in at least ten villages in Khammouane Province, Laos, and at least four villages in Nakhon Phanom Province in northeastern Thailand, just across the Mekong River. It is spoken by the Saek people.
Saek may refer to: the Saek people the Saek language
Yongnan, or Yongnan Zhuang, is a dialect-bund sharing common features but not common innovations of Zhuang languages of southern China. In the classification of Pittiyaporn (2009), Yongnan is not a single language, or even a natural group, but parts of two main branches of the Tai language family (clades C, I, and M): (clade C) Yongnan Zhuang of Chongzuo (崇左), Yongnan Zhuang of Shangsi (上思), Caolan of Vietnam* (clade D) (clade I) Yongnan Zhuang of Qinzhou (钦州) (clade J) (clade M) Wuming (Shuangqiao) dialect (武鸣)*, Yongnan Zhuang proper (邕南), Yongnan Zhuang of Long'an (隆安), Yongnan Zhuang of Fusui (扶绥) (clade N)* Northern Tai: Saek, Bouyei, and other Northern Zhuang * Not considered Yongnan anywhere, nor considered Yongnan by Pittiyaporn but placed here to make the clade D monophyletic. See Tai languages for details.
Yi Saek (Korean: 이색; Hanja: 李穡, June 17, 1328 – June 17, 1396), also known by his art name Mogŭn (목은), was a Korean writer and poet. His family belonged to the Hansan Yi clan. Yi Saek played a crucial role in the introduction and localisation of philosophy of Zhu Xi. He studied Neo-Confucianism in Yuan Dynasty China and opened an academy after his return to Goryeo, and from his academy the founders of Joseon Dynasty were educated. Yi was one of the most significant cultural figures in the country. Aiming to solve the social problems facing Goryeo, Yi fulfilled his responsibilities as a scholar, educator and politician based on his experience studying at Guozijian, a national Chinese university. While leading Sungkyunkwan academy, Yi developed a curriculum that reformed the academy's evaluation methods, which was innovative even by today's standards. Yi Saek played a very important role in introducing Neo-Confucianism to Goryeo, which was the theoretical background for the founding of Joseon. Yi Saek was patronized by kings during the Koryo period (918–1392). He promoted education based on Confucian texts. Yi Saek is also responsible for establishing the Confucian tradition of public mourning. He favored Confucianism in public affairs. Towards the end of his life, Yi Saek was the respected head of the Confucian National Academy. He is remembered as one of the "Three Hermit Scholars" devoted to Confucian principles. Many of his disciples, such as Chŏng To-jŏn and Kwŏn Kŭn, used Neo-Confucianism as the ideological basis for overthrowing the Buddhist kingdom of Goryeo and establishing Confucian Joseon. However, Yi Saek himself remained loyal to the Goryeo Dynasty and didn't believe the wiping out of Buddhism, as Chŏng To-jŏn insisted, would be of any benefit. Yi Saek believed in the co-existence of the "Three Disciplines": Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Yi Saek resigned from all political positions after the founding of the Joseon Dynasty. Yi Saek left various poetry, essays and letters compiled in The Collected Works of Mogŭn.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Madam C.J. Walker
