Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
Wilmington, North Carolina once had a thriving Black middle class and an elected interracial government. In 1898 white supremacists used violence to overthrow that government, kill Black residents and drive many others from the city.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
Sam Ruby | |
|---|---|
| Education | Christopher Newport University (BA) |
| Occupation | software developer |
| Known for | Atom, Apache |
Sam Ruby is a software developer who has made significant contributions to web standards and open source software projects. He has contributed to the standardization of syndicated web feeds via his involvement with the Atom standard and the Feed Validator web service.
He retired from the position of Rails Specialist at Fly.io in October 2025.[1]
Sam Ruby received a B.A. in mathematics from Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia. He formerly worked on open source project development for IBM.[2][3]
Ruby is a former board member of the Apache Software Foundation.[4] He formerly served as president; Assistant Secretary; Director, Vice President of Legal Affairs; and was the Chair of the Apache Jakarta Project. He actively contributes to numerous Apache projects. Notably, he was one of the early Ant contributors, as well as being the creator of Gump.
Ruby is the principal maintainer of the Feed validator, which he developed along with Mark Pilgrim.[5] Feed Validator is able to validate Atom feeds as well as RSS 0.90, 0.91, 0.92, 0.93, 0.94, 1.0, 1.1 and 2.0 feeds.
Ruby also contributed to PHP, in particular to the Java Extension.[6]
Sam Ruby has done development in the Ruby programming language, leading to some confusion between his name and the language. However, there is no formal connection—they both just coincidentally have the same name.
Ruby is the author of Venus, an Atom/RSS feed aggregator, the codebase that began as a refactoring of the Planet 2.0 feed aggregator in 2006.[7]
Ruby is a developer member of the html5lib project, with his primary contribution being the initial port of html5lib to the Ruby programming language.
Ruby has been active within various standards development organizations.
Ruby was the convener of the ECMA TC49 group that standardized the Common Language Infrastructure for Microsoft's .NET Framework.[8][9]
The project which eventually became the Atom web feed standard was started by a blog posting by Sam Ruby in 2002 entitled "what makes a log entry". This blog posting eventually became a wiki project which acted as a rallying point for people looking to improve upon the frozen RSS format.[10] Sam Ruby was the secretary of the IETF AtomPub working group. This working group completed RFC 4287, the Atom format specification ("The Atom Syndication Format"), in December 2005 and RFC 5023, "The Atom Publishing Protocol", in October 2007.
Ruby is a member of the ECMAScript technical committee (ECMAScript TC39); his primary contribution to the group is in driving the effort to add Decimal support to ECMAScript.
Ruby was an early adopter of HTML5, and has offered a number of concrete proposals which were subsequently incorporated into the HTML5 draft. He was appointed as the co-chair of the W3C's HTML Working Group on 5 January 2009.[11]
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Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Sam Ruby is a software developer who has made significant contributions to web standards and open source software projects. He has contributed to the standardization of syndicated web feeds via his involvement with the Atom standard and the Feed Validator web service. He retired from the position of Rails Specialist at Fly.io in October 2025.
Sam & Ruby were an American musical duo composed of Sam Brooker and Ruby Amanfu. Sam & Ruby were based in Nashville and recorded two EPs and one full-length record. They were signed to the Rykodisc record label. Their song "Heaven's My Home" was featured on the movie and soundtrack The Secret Life of Bees. They were both members of the A Capella group The Collective featured on Season 3 of NBC's The Sing-Off.
Eyram Ruby Amanfu Ashworth is an American recording artist based in Nashville. Amanfu has released seven studio albums and multiple singles. She is known for being one half of the duo Sam & Ruby, whose album was named Associated Press Album of the Year in 2009. Amanfu is also known for her collaborations with Jack White in his all-female band, The Peacocks, and has widely appeared on his critically acclaimed solo albums, Blunderbuss and Lazaretto. In 2020 and 2022, Amanfu was nominated for the Grammy Award for Song of the Year for co-writing "Hard Place" by H.E.R. and "A Beautiful Noise" by Alicia Keys and Brandi Carlile, and was nominated for a Soul Train Music Award for The Ashford & Simpson Songwriter's Award. Outside of her musical career, Amanfu is an actress, civil activist, an elected Recording Academy Board Governor, private chef, and food blogger.
Ruby is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Clayton Ruby (1942–2022), Canadian lawyer and activist Dan Ruby (born 1964), American politician Dave Ruby, American actor Ethan Ruby, American businessman Georg Ruby (born 1953), German musician and composer Harry Ruby (1895–1974), American songwriter and screenwriter Israel Ruby (c. 1888–1983), American attorney and politician Jack Ruby (1911–1967), American businessman and murderer of presidential assassin Lee Harvey Oswald Jacob Ruby (born 1992), Canadian football player Jake Ruby (born 2000), Canadian soccer player Jay Ruby (1935–2022), American anthropologist and academic Joe Ruby (1933–2020), American animator, writer, television producer, and music editor Karine Ruby (1978–2009), French snowboarder Laura Ruby, American author Lloyd Ruby (1928–2009), American race car driver Pierre Ruby (born 1932), French cyclist Sam Ruby, American software developer Sterling Ruby (born 1972), American artist
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.
