Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
q2K BHP
Black History Portal
THE BHP WIRE —
HIDDEN TRUTHS
What's New!
Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
In August 1908, a white mob attacked Springfield, Illinois’s Black community, destroying homes and businesses and lynching two Black men. National outrage over the violence helped spur the movement that created the NAACP the following year.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
 | This article needs more citations. (June 2014) |
 | |
| Country | Germany |
|---|---|
| Broadcast area | Europe |
| Headquarters | Unterföhring, Germany |
| Programming | |
| Language | German |
| Picture format | 1080i HDTV (downscaled to 16:9 576i for the SDTV feed) |
| Timeshift service | +1 |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | ProSiebenSat.1 Media |
| Sister channels | ProSieben Kabel eins Sixx Sat.1 Emotions Sat.1 Gold ProSieben Fun ProSieben Maxx kabel eins classics kabel eins Doku |
| History | |
| Launched | 1 January 1984 |
| Former names | PKS (1984) |
| Links | |
| Website | sat1 |
| Availability | |
| Terrestrial | |
| Digital terrestrial television | Varies within location |
| Streaming media | |
| Ziggo GO (Netherlands) | ZiggoGO.tv (Europe only) |
| Joyn (Germany) | joyn.de (Germany only) |
| Sat.1 Livestream | Watch Live |
Sat.1 (German pronunciation: [zatˈˀaɪ̯ns]) is a German free-to-air television channel that is a part of the ProSiebenSat.1 Media Group.
Sat.1 was first launched in January 1984 and was initially named PKS (Programmgesellschaft für Kabel- und Satellitenrund). The network is considered to be the first privately owned television network in Germany, initially a joint venture of various publishing houses, and was rebranded into its current name in January 1985. The first broadcast could only be seen by roughly 1200 households who had cable access in the city of Ludwigshafen. Early programs included old films (mainly from the archives of KirchMedia) American hit series and game shows (the most notable show being the German version of Wheel of Fortune, Glücksrad). Later, the station acquired a name for its original series and TV films. By 1988, it was the most watched tv channel in West Germany.
Pay-TV sister channel Sat.1 Emotions (formerly Sat.1 Comedy) airs comedy, romance and movies. In 2013 Sat.1 Gold, a second, free-to-air Sat.1 offshoot was also launched.[1]
In addition to its free-to-air standard definition feed, Sat.1 also broadcasts an HD feed as a subscription-only channel, available on Astra's HD+ satellite pay-TV platform.
The channel was created following the election of Helmut Kohl who announced the creation of the first cable pilot projects, the first of which began on 1 January 1984 in Ludwigshafen. The channel launched on that day as PKS, one day before the launch of competitor RTLplus. The channel wasn't successful, as only 2,600 households received it (even though it enabled nationwide coverage using a weak satellite), and RTLplus, which initially broadcast from Luxembourg, upon obtaining a VHF frequency (channel 7) unused from West Germany, gained a foothold. Leo Kirch was PKS's largest shareholder, though he had indirect control. Early evening programming included non-commercial and sophisticated current affairs programmes and news magazines, which were seen as boring for the average viewer.[2]
The first face seen on PKS was that of Jürgen Doetz.[3]
Regional newscasts are broadcast under the title 17:30 Sat.1... in Bremen, Lower Saxony, Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein, North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate, Hesse and Bavaria.
Source:[4]
Current:
Former:
| January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December | Annual average | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990[5] | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 9.0% |
| 1991[6] | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |  10.6%
|
| 1992[7] | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 13.1%
|
| 1993[8] | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14.4%
|
| 1994[9] | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |  14.9%
|
| 1995[10] | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14.7%
|
| 1996[11] | 13.1% | 13.7% | 13.9% | 14.3% | 14.2% | 11.2% | 11.6% | 13.3% | 13.3% | 13.8% | 13.0% | 13.0% | 13.2%
|
| 1997[12] | 11.9% | 12.3% | 14.6% | 14.1% | 14.4% | 13.0% | 12.0% | 12.7% | 12.2% | 12.4% | 12.8% | 12.0% | 12.8%
|
| 1998[13] | 13.0% | 12.3% | 13.6% | 13.2% | 11.6% | 9.0% | 9.8% | 10.9% | 11.7% | 12.1% | 11.9% | 11.4% | 11.8%
|
| 1999[14] | 11.0% | 10.7% | 11.2% | 12.1% | 12.2% | 10.3% | 10.2% | 10.3% | 10.4% | 10.3% | 10.4% | 10.2% | 10.8%
|
| 2000[15] | 9.5% | 10.2% | 10.3% | 11.2% | 10.2% | 9.1% | 9.5% | 10.2% | 10.3% | 10.8% | 10.8% | 10.2% | 10.2%
|
| 2001[16] | 10.7% | 10.2% | 10.4% | 10.7% | 10.5% | 10.0% | 9.6% | 9.9% | 9.3% | 9.6% | 10.3% | 9.6% | 10.1%
|
| 2002[17] | 9.7% | 9.9% | 10.5% | 10.3% | 10.0% | 9.1% | 9.7% | 9.9% | 9.9% | 9.9% | 10.3% | 9.1% | 9.9%
|
| 2003[18] | 9.6% | 10.0% | 9.9% | 10.3% | 10.1% | 9.5% | 10.2% | 10.3% | 10.1% | 10.8% | 11.1% | 9.9% | 10.2%
|
| 2004[19] | 10.3% | 10.9% | 11.2% | 9.8% | 9.6% | 9.6% | 9.9% | 9.4% | 10.8% | 10.6% | 10.9% | 10.1% | 10.3%
|
| 2005[20] | 10.4% | 10.3% | 10.6% | 11.1% | 11.2% | 11.3% | 10.5% | 11.0% | 11.1% | 11.3% | 11.6% | 10.3% | 10.9%
|
| 2006[21] | 10.7% | 10.0% | 10.6% | 10.3% | 10.4% | 8.2% | 9.6% | 10.2% | 9.8% | 9.3% | 9.2% | 9.0% | 9.8%
|
| 2007[22] | 9.3% | 9.7% | 9.9% | 9.4% | 9.5% | 9.4% | 9.6% | 9.7% | 9.7% | 9.9% | 10.0% | 9.4% | 9.6%
|
| 2008[23] | 9.8% | 10.2% | 10.3% | 11.5% | 10.8% | 9.2% | 10.7% | 10.2% | 10.7% | 10.5% | 10.3% | 9.7% | 10.3%
|
| 2009[24] | 9.6% | 9.9% | 10.3% | 10.7% | 10.9% | 10.4% | 10.7% | 10.5% | 11.1% | 10.9% | 10.4% | 9.5% | 10.4%
|
| 2010[25] | 9.5% | 9.9% | 10.9% | 11.0% | 10.1% | 9.1% | 10.0% | 10.3% | 10.6% | 10.2% | 10.5% | 9.6% | 10.1%
|
| 2011[26] | 9.6% | 9.9% | 10.0% | 10.4% | 10.3% | 10.0% | 9.9% | 10.8% | 10.8% | 9.9% | 10.6% | 9.7% | 10.1% |
| 2012[27] | 9.4% | 10.1% | 10.1% | 10.5% | 10.5% | 8.9% | 9.1% | 9.1% | 9.4% | 9.1% | 9.0% | 8.0% | 9.4%
|
| 2013[28] | 8.2% | 7.8% | 8.3% | 8.8% | 8.3% | 8.0% | 8.1% | 8.3% | 8.6% | 8.4% | 8.3% | 7.8% | 8.2%
|
| 2014[29] | 7.8% | 7.8% | 8.6% | 8.1% | 8.1% | 7.2% | 7.7% | 8.7% | 8.6% | 8.5% | 8.3% | 8.0% | 8.1%
|
| 2015[30] | 7.6% | 7.9% | 8.3% | 7.9% | 7.7% | 8.0% | 8.2% | 8.4% | 8.1% | 8.2% | 7.9% | 7.1% | 7.9%
|
| 2016[31] | 7.0% | 7.5% | 7.4% | 7.4% | 7.4% | 6.6% | 7.1% | 7.0% | 7.8% | 7.4% | 7.5% | 7.1% | 7.3%
|
| 2017[32] | 6.6% | 7.1% | 7.0% | 6.8% | 6.8% | 6.6% | 6.4% | 6.8% | 6.4% | 6.8% | 6.6% | 6.3% | 6.7%
|
| 2018[33] | 5.8% | 5.7% | 6.4% | 6.4% | 6.6% | 6.1% | 6.4% |
The average age of the viewers is 50.4 years (as of 2016).[34]
| ARD | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZDF | |||||
| ARD & ZDF | |||||
| RTL Deutschland |
| ||||
| ProSiebenSat.1 Media |
| ||||
| Paramount Skydance |
| ||||
| Warner Bros. Discovery |
| ||||
| Disney Germany |
| ||||
| High View Group |
| ||||
| WeltN24 |
| ||||
| Acun Medya |
| ||||
| Others |
| ||||
| Regional channels |
| ||||
| Mainstream Media |
| ||||
| A&E Networks |
| ||||
| Others |
| ||||
| Lists | |||||
| International | |
|---|---|
| Other | |
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Sat.1 (German pronunciation: [zatˈˀaɪ̯ns]) is a German free-to-air television channel that is a part of the ProSiebenSat.1 Media Group. Sat.1 was first launched in January 1984 and was initially named PKS (Programmgesellschaft für Kabel- und Satellitenrund). The network is considered to be the first privately owned television network in Germany, initially a joint venture of various publishing houses, and was rebranded into its current name in January 1985. The first broadcast could only be seen by roughly 1200 households who had cable access in the city of Ludwigshafen. Early programs included old films (mainly from the archives of KirchMedia) American hit series and game shows (the most notable show being the German version of Wheel of Fortune, Glücksrad). Later, the station acquired a name for its original series and TV films. By 1988, it was the most watched tv channel in West Germany. Pay-TV sister channel Sat.1 Emotions (formerly Sat.1 Comedy) airs comedy, romance and movies. In 2013 Sat.1 Gold, a second, free-to-air Sat.1 offshoot was also launched. In addition to its free-to-air standard definition feed, Sat.1 also broadcasts an HD feed as a subscription-only channel, available on Astra's HD+ satellite pay-TV platform.
Sat.1 Gold is a German free-to-air television channel aimed at women between 49 and 65. It is ProSiebenSat.1 Media's sixth channel in Germany. The channel manager is Marc Rasmus. Sat.1 Gold received a broadcast licence from the Kommission für Zulassung und Aufsicht der Medienanstalten (ZAK) (German: Commission for authorization and supervision of media institutions) on 20 November 2012. The channel is regulated by the Thüringische Landesmedienanstalt (TLM), based in the state of Thuringia. The channel started broadcasting on 17 January 2013 at 20:13 CET with a 2-minute countdown, followed by a promo and a puppet show. The channel then aired the German film The Whore.
TV-SAT 1 or TVSAT-1 was a West German communications satellite, which was to have been operated by Deutsche Bundespost. It was intended to provide television broadcast services to Europe, but it failed before entering service. It was built by Aérospatiale, was based on the Spacebus 300 satellite bus, and carried five Ku-band transponders. At launch it had a mass of 2,144 kg (4,727 lb), and an expected operational lifespan of eight years.
Phi-Sat-1 (also known as ɸ-Sat-1) is a CubeSat mission from the European Space Agency (ESA) that uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Earth observation. The mission will collect a large number images from space in the visible, near-infrared and thermal-infrared parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, and then filter out the images which are covered with clouds using AI algorithms. This reduces the number of images to be downlinked from space and therefore improve efficiency. The Phi-Sat-1 mission has two main objectives: To acquire images in the visible, the near-infrared and thermal infrared regions Demonstration of AI inference engine for cloud detection demonstrating the capabilities of the Myriad chip The mission was proposed by Spain's Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya and developed by a consortium of European companies and institutes. The idea was originally presented at the 2017 Copernicus Masters and was the overall winner.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →The Greenwood District.
