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The MOVE Fire

This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985 Philadelphia police fired thousands of rounds at the MOVE house, city officials approved dropping an explosive device on the roof, the resulting fire was allowed to burn, 11 people—including five children—died, and 61 homes were destroyed. Philadelphia City Council later called it a “brutal attack carried out by the City of Philadelphia on its own citizens” and acknowledged that no individual faced criminal consequences for the bombing. One timeline correction worth preserving for the BHP record: the major previous MOVE-police confrontation was August 8, 1978, about seven years before the bombing, not a year or two earlier. Officer James Ramp was killed, other police and firefighters were wounded, nine MOVE members were later convicted, and television cameras recorded police beating Delbert Africa during his arrest. The 1985 MOVE Commission later specifically criticized city planners for failing to adequately use lessons from that 1978 confrontation. And that actually strengthens the point you’re making: 1985 did not happen without precedent or institutional memory. There had already been a deadly confrontation with MOVE, years of conflict, negotiations and police involvement before Osage Avenue.

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BLACK FACTS
The Truths They Never Taught You...

The Violence That Helped Spark the NAACP

In August 1908, a white mob attacked Springfield, Illinois’s Black community, destroying homes and businesses and lynching two Black men. National outrage over the violence helped spur the movement that created the NAACP the following year.

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Wikipedia

List of nearest stars by spectral type

Below there are lists the nearest stars separated by spectral type. The scope of the list is still restricted to the common main sequence spectral types: M, K, G, F, A, B and O. It may be later expanded to other types, such as S, D or C.

The Alpha Centauri star system is the closest star system to the Sun.

List of nearest M-type stars

[edit]
See also: List of nearest stars

This is a list of M-type stars within 13 light years.

Proxima Centauri is the closest M-type star to the Earth.
Name Distance (ly) Spectral type Stellar radius (R☉) Stellar mass (M☉) Apparent magnitude (V) Absolute magnitude (V) Notes
Proxima Centauri 4.24265±0.0003[1] M5.5Ve[2] 0.1542 ± 0.0045[3] 0.1221±0.0022[3] 10.43 – 11.1[4] 15.6[5] Also the nearest star to the Solar System.
Barnard's Star 5.9629±0.0004[1] M4.0V[6] 0.187±0.001[7] 0.161[7] 9.511[8] 13.21[8] Also the second-nearest stellar system to the Solar System.
Wolf 359 7.856±0.001[1] M6V[9] 0.144±0.004[7] 0.11±0.003[7] 13.507[10] 16.614[11] Also the fourth-nearest stellar system to the Solar System.
Lalande 21185 8.0344±0.0007[1] M2V[12] 0.392±0.004[7] 0.389±0.008[7] 7.52[13] 10.48[14] Also the fifth-nearest stellar system to our Solar System.
Luyten 726-8 B 8.77±0.01[15] M6V[16] 0.159±0.006[17] 0.116±0.002[18] 12.8[11] 15.7[11] Also known as UV Ceti.
A M5.5V[16] 0.165±0.006[17] 0.122±0.002[18] The archetype of the flare stars. Also known as BL Ceti
Ross 154 9.7063±0.0009[1] M3.5V[19] 0.200±0.008[7] 0.177±0.004[7] 10.44[19] 13.07[19]
Ross 248 10.306±0.001[1] M6V[20] 0.19[21] 0.145[21] 12.23 – 12.34[19] 14.79[22]
Lacaille 9352 10.7241±0.0007[1] M0.5V[23] 0.474±0.008[7] 0.479+0.011
−0.010[7] 		7.34[24] 9.8[25]
Ross 128 11.007±0.001[1] M4V[26] 0.198±0.007[7] 0.176±0.004[7] 11.13[19] 13.53[19]
EZ Aquarii A 11.11[27] M5V[19] 0.175[28] 0.1187±0.0011[27] 13.03[19] 15.33[19]
B 0.21±0.04[27] 0.1145±0.0012[27] 13.27[19] 15.58[19]
C 0.093[27] 12.38[19] 17.37[19]
Struve 2398 A 11.4908±0.0009[1] M3V[21] 0.354±0.003[7] 0.336±0.007[7] 8.94
B 11.491±0.001[1] M3.5V[21] 0.273±0.011[21] 0.248±0.235[21] 9.7[29]
Groombridge 34 A 11.6191±0.0008[1] M1.4V[21] 0.385±0.002[21] 0.393+0.009
−0.008[21] 		8.119[21]
B 11.620±0.001[1] M4.1V[21] 0.18±0.03[30] 0.15±0.02[30] 11.007[21]
DX Cancri 11.680±0.003[1] M6.5V[31] 0.11[32] 0.09[33] 14.81[34] 16.98[19]
GJ 1061 11.984±0.001[1] M5.5V[35] 0.152±0.007[7] 0.125±0.003[7] 13.03[35] 15.26[36]
YZ Ceti 12.122±0.002[1] M4Ve 0.168±0.009[29] 0.13±0.013[37] 12.03—12.18[38] 14.3[39]
Luyten's Star 12.348±0.002[1] M3.5V[19] 0.293±0.007[40] 0.29[40] 9.87[41] 11.94[41]
Teegarden's Star 12.497±0.004[42] M7V[39] 0.120±0.012[43] 0.097±0.010[43] 15.13[44] 17.2[45]
Kapteyn's Star 12.8308±0.0008[46] M1.5V[47][23] or sdM1[8] 0.291±0.025[47] 0.281±0.014[47] 8.853±0.008[47] 10.89[8]
Lacaille 8760 12.947±0.002[1] M0Ve[48] 0.51[49] 0.6[19] 6.67[19] 8.69[19] Brightest red dwarf in the sky.

List of nearest K-type stars

[edit]

This is a list of K-type stars within 30 light years.

Alpha Centauri B is the closest K-type star to the Earth.
Name Distance (ly) Spectral type Stellar radius (R☉) Stellar mass (M☉) Apparent magnitude (V) Absolute magnitude (V) Notes
Alpha Centauri B (Toliman) 4.344±0.002[1] K1V[50] 0.8591±0.0036[51] 0.9092±0.0025[51] 1.33[52] 5.71[53] Also the 2nd/3rd nearest individual star to the Solar System. Named Toliman.
Epsilon Eridani (Ran) 10.475±0.004[1] K2V[54] 0.735±0.005[23] 0.82±0.02[55][56] 3.736[57] 6.19[19] Also the tenth-nearest star system to our Solar System. Has one confirmed exoplanet
61 Cygni A 11.404±0.001[1] K5V[58] 0.665±0.005[59] 0.7[60] 5.21[61] 7.506[62] The first star to have its distance to Earth measured after the Sun. Also the 15th nearest stellar system to our solar system.
B K7V[58] 0.595±0.008[59] 0.63[60] 6.05[63] 8.228[62]
Epsilon Indi A 11.867±0.004[1] K5V[23] 0.711 ± 0.005[64] 0.754±0.038[21] 4.674[65] 6.89[66] Also the 19th nearest star system to our Solar System. Has one confirmed exoplanet and two brown dwarfs.
Groombridge 1618 15.886±0.002[1] K7.5Ve[44] 0.605±0.02[67] 0.67±0.033[67] 6.6[68] 8.11[69]
40 Eridani A (Keid) 16.340±0.010[1] K0.5V[54] 0.804±0.006[64] 0.78±0.08[70] 4.43[71] 5.93[69] Part of a triple star system
70 Ophiuchi A 16.68±0.02[1] K0V[72] 0.831±0.004[73] 0.834±0.055[74] 4.13[75] 5.49[69]
B 16.707±0.009[1] K4V[72] 0.670±0.009[76] 0.782±0.064[74] 6.07[75]
Sigma Draconis (Alsafi) 18.799±0.008[1] K0V[77] 0.776±0.008[78] 0.85+0.01
−0.03[79] 		4.674[80] 5.89[81]
Gliese 570 A 19.199±0.007[1] K4V[77] 0.715±0.009[64] 0.82±0.04[23] 5.72[52] 6.89[69] Part of a quadruple star system
Eta Cassiopeiae B 19.331±0.002[1] K7V[76] 0.57+0.02
−0.03[82] 		0.5487±0.0056[83] 7.51[76] Part of a binary star system
36 Ophiuchi A (Guniibuu) 19.41±0.02[1] K2V[84] 0.817±0.016[23] 0.75+0.02
−0.04[85] 		5.08[84] Also known as Guniibuu
B 19.40±0.01[1] K1V[84] 0.721±0.044[86] 0.76+0.03
−0.06[87] 		5.03[84]
C 19.418±0.004[1] K5V[84] 0.688±0.064[86] 0.72±0.01[87] 6.34[84]
HR 7703 A 19.61±0.01[1] K2.5V[54] 0.66[88] 0.65[88] 5.31[89] 6.53[90] Part of a binary system
ADS 7251 B 20.658±0.003 K7V[16] 0.58 ± 0.03[91] 0.64 ± 0.07[91] 7.7[23] Part of a binary star system
HD 219134 21.336±0.007[1] K3V[92] 0.778 ± 0.005[93] 0.81 ± 0.03[93] 5.574[80] 6.46[69] Has six known exoplanets
Xi Boötis B 23.011±0.008[1] K4Ve[94] 0.61[95] 0.66 ± 0.07[76] 6.8[94] Part of a binary star system
268 G. Ceti A 23.58±0.05[1] K3V[96] 0.730+0.023
−0.022[97] 		0.782+0.019
−0.018[97] 		5.83[96] 6.5[98] Part of a trinary stellar system also known as Gliese 105
Gliese 667 A 23.6±0.1[99] K3V[100][101] 0.76[100] 0.73[102] 5.91[100] Part of a triple star system
B K5V[100][101] 0.7[100] 0.69[102] 7.2[100]
HD 4628 24.25±0.01[103] K2.5V[54] 0.749 ± 0.051[96] 0.7 ± 0.1[104] 5.74[105] 6.37[69]
TW Piscis Austrini 24.793±0.005[1] K5Vp[54] 0.629 ± 0.051[23] 0.725 ± 0.036[23] 5.44 – 6.51[106] 7.08[107] Also known as Fomalhaut B. Part of a triple star system
107 Piscium 24.8±0.03[103] K1V[77] 0.82 ± 0.03[108] 0.86[108] 5.14 — 5.26[109] 5.87[110]
Gliese 673 25.157±0.003[1] K7V[8] 0.564[96] 7.492[8] 8.83[8]
p Eridani A 26.710±0.008[1] K2V[54] 0.75[1] 0.78[111] 5.76[112] 6.25[69]
B 26.733±0.007[1] 0.77[1] 0.77[111] 5.87[112] 6.27[69]
Gliese 884 26.85[113] K7V[113] 0.67[113] 0.63[113] 7.9[113] 8.3[113]
Chi Draconis B 27.17±0.03[27] K0V[27] 0.73 ± 0.11[27] 0.748 ± 0.017[27] 3.57 (combined)[114] Part of a binary star system
HD 50281 28.54±0.01 K3.5V[115] 0.73+0.01
−0.02[103] 		0.79[85] 6.58[116] 6.87[69]
HD 192310 28.74±0.01[1] K2+ V[117] 0.79 – 0.85[100] 0.78 ± 0.04[118] 5.73[117] 6.0[119]
HR 1614 28.845±0.006[1] K3V[120] 0.78+0.03
−0.02[49] 		0.838+0.034
−0.033[49] 		6.208[120] 6.51[69]
AK Leporis 29±0.004[1] K2V[121] 0.8[1] 6.141[122] 6.31[114]
Delta Eridani (Rana) 29.49±0.08[71] K0 IV[123] 2.35 ± 0.01[64] 1.33 ± 0.07[72] 3.51 – 3.56[4] 3.77[124]

List of nearest G-type stars

[edit]

This is a list of G-type stars within 40 light years.

The Sun is the closest G-type star to the Earth.
Name Distance (ly) Spectral type Stellar radius (R☉) Stellar mass (M☉) Apparent magnitude (V) Absolute magnitude (V) Notes
Sun 1.58 × 10−5 (149,600,000 km) G2V 1 -26.74[125] 4.83[125] The star at the centre of the Solar System.
Alpha Centauri A (Rigil Kentaurus) 4.344±0.002 G2V[50] 1.2175±0.0055[51] 1.0788±0.0029[51] 0.01[52] 4.38[53] It is the 2nd/3rd nearest individual star to the Solar System, and the fourth-brightest individual star in the night sky.
Tau Ceti 11.912±0.007 G8V[77] 0.793 ± 0.004[126][127] 0.800 ± 0.008[127] 3.5[126] 5.68[126] Also the 20th nearest star system to the Solar System.
Eta Cassiopeiae A (Achird) 19.42[71] G0V[128] 1.0386 ± 0.0038[129] 0.972 ± 0.012[78] 3.44[117] 4.57[69] Part of a binary star system
82 G. Eridani 19.704±0.009 G6V[77] 0.93±0.03[130] 0.79±0.01[130] 4.254[69] 5.34[69]
Delta Pavonis 19.89[1] G8 IV[54] 1.197±0.016[64] 1.07±0.01[131] 3.56[132] 4.62[69] The nearest undisputed subgiant.
Xi Boötis A 22.027[133] G8Ve[133] 0.817 ± 0.007[134] 0.88 ± 0.03[134] 4.7[133] 5.54[135] Part of a binary star system
Beta Hydri 24.33[71] G2 IV[136] 1.831 ± 0.009[137] 1.107 ± 0.009[137] 2.8[117] 3.45[138]
Mu Cassiopeiae Aa (Marfak) 25.03±0.08 G5Vb[77] 0.789 ± 0.008[139] 0.744 ± 0.0122[139] 5.14[140] 5.78[141] Part of a binary star system
Mu Herculis Aa 27.11±0.04 G5IV[142] 1.73 ± 0.02[143] 1.11 ± 0.01[143] 3.417[71] 3.82[143] Part of a quadruple star system
Beta Canum Venaticorum (Chara) 27.63±0.04[1] G0V[144] 1.03 ± 0.03[145] 0.97 ± 0.04[144] 4.25[144] 4.64[69]
61 Virginis 27.84±0.03 G7V[115] 0.9867 ± 0.0048[146] 0.93[146] 4.74 5.07[69] Has three confirmed exoplanets
Chi1 Orionis A 28.26±0.07 G0V[77] 0.983 ± 0.001[147] 1.01[148] 4.38 – 4.41[149] 4.82[135]
41 G. Arae A 28.67±0.02 G8V[150] 0.79[49] 0.81[49] 5.61 5.74[69] Part of a binary star system
Xi Ursae Majoris Ba 29 G2V[77] 0.92 ± 0.04[151] 0.86[151] 4.264[152] 4.66[a] Part of a quadruple star system
Groombridge 1830 (Argelander's Star) 29.93[103] G8VIp[153] 0.585 ± 0.004[147] 0.67±0.006[147] 6.44[68] 6.64[69]
Beta Comae Berenices 29.95±0.1 G0V[154] 1.14 ± 0.02[155] 1.15[49] 4.26[117] 4.46[69]
HD 102365 A 30.4±0.02 G2V[54] 0.96[49] 0.889[49] 4.88[89] 5.07[69] Part of a binary star system
61 Ursae Majoris 31.24±0.04[103] G8V[156] 0.86 ± 0.02[157] 0.93 ± 0.02[158] 5.35[159] 5.53[135]
Alpha Mensae A (Hoerikwaggo) 33.31±0.02 G7V[54] 0.96 ± 0.013[160] 0.964 ± 0.037[160] 5.09 5.03[69] Part of a binary star system
Iota Persei 34.38±0.08[71] G0V[77] or F9.5V[54] 1.417 ± 0.008[147] 1.08 – 1.13[147] 4.062[161] 3.94[69]
Zeta Herculis B 35±0.2[71] G7V[142] 0.915 – 0.92[162] 0.98 ± 0.02[162] 2.81 (combined)[117] 2.65 (combined)[124] Part of a binary star system
Delta Trianguli A (Deltoton) 35.2±0.1 G0V[163] 0.98[100] 4.865[69] 4.69[69] Part of a binary star system
11 Leonis Minoris A 36.54±0.08 G8V[164] 0.992 ± 0.015[147] 0.936 ± 0.015[147] 5.54[165] 5.25[135] Part of a binary star system
Eta Boötis A (Muphrid) 37.2±0.5[71] G0IV[166] 2.659 ± 0.044[167] 1.61 ± 0.11[167] 2.68[69] 2.41[114] Part of a binary star system
Lambda Serpentis 38.87±0.07[1] G0V[168] 1.363 ± 0.031[169] 1.09 ± 0.04[169] 4.43[153] 4.01[69]
Zeta Reticuli A 39.27±0.03 G3-5V[170] 0.92±0.02[171] 0.95+0.02
−0.01[131] 		5.52[89] 5.11[69]
B 39.29±0.09 G2V[170] 0.98±0.03[171] 0.91±0.05[171] 5.22[89] 4.83[69]
85 Pegasi A 39.5±0.4[172] G5Vb 0.948 ± 0.011[147] 0.827 ± 0.047[147] 5.75 5.32[69] Part of a binary star system

List of nearest F-type stars

[edit]

This is a list of F-type stars within 50 light years.

Procyon A is the closest F-type star to the Earth.
Name Distance (ly) Spectral type Stellar radius (R☉) Stellar mass (M☉) Apparent magnitude (V) Absolute magnitude (V) Notes
Procyon A 11.46±0.05[71] F5IV-V[173] 2.048±0.025[173] 1.499±0.031[174] 0.34[173] 2.66[22] Part of a binary star system. Eighth-brightest star in the night sky.
Pi3 Orionis (Tabit) 26.32±0.04[71] F6V[153] 1.317±0.004[147] 1.288±0.019[147] 3.16[153] 3.65[69]
Chi Draconis A 27.17±0.03[71] F7V[27] 1.2±0.09[27] 1.029±0.06[27] 3.57[114] 4.04[114] Part of a binary system
Zeta Tucanae 28.01±0.04[71] F9.5V[54] 1.044±0.010[175] 0.985±0.033[175] 4.23 4.67[135]
Xi Ursae Majoris A (Alula Australis) 28.5±0.1[1] F8.5:V[77] 1.02±0.04[108] 0.97[108] 4.264[152] 4.66[b] Part of a five-star system
Gamma Leporis 29.12±0.05 F6V[176] 1.30±0.03[171] 1.17+0.10
−0.06[171] 		3.587[177] 3.84[69]
Gamma Pavonis 30.21±0.05[71] F9 V Fe-1.4 CH-0.7[54] 1.057±0.012[175] 0.934±0.033[175] 4.22[178] 4.40[69]
Zeta Herculis A (Tianji) 35±0.2[71] F9IV[142] 2.76±0.02[155] 1.45±0.1[179] 2.81[117] 2.65[124]
Beta Virginis (Zavijava) 35.65±0.09[71] F9V[180] 1.681±0.008[78] 1.413±0.061[181] 3.604[182] 3.41[69]
Theta Persei A 36.29±0.09[71] F8V[183] 1.319±0.011[78] 1.138±0.01[78] 4.11[96] 3.88[69]
Gamma Serpentis (Muning) 36.7±0.07[71] F6V[184] 1.461±0.007[147] 1.3±0.15[72] 3.85[184] 3.60[69]
Zeta Doradus A 37.91±0.07[71] F9.5V Fe-0.5[185] 1.10±0.02[171] 1.07[186] 4.708[185] 4.38[90]
Gamma Virginis (Porrima) A 38.1±0.3[71] F0V[187] 1.45[188] 1.4±0.05[189] 3.4[190] 3[190]
B 3.5[190] 3.1[190]
Iota Pegasi A (Jiu) 38.5±0.2[71] F5V 1.526±0.068[96] 1.33[151] 3.84[151] 3.49[151]
Zeta Trianguli Australis A 39.5±0.2[71] F9V[54] 1.02±0.02[171] 1.12[191] 4.90[105] 4.49[69] Part of a binary star system
Beta Trianguli Australis 40.37±0.08[71] F1V[54] 1.976±0.021[64] 1.56[192] 2.85[193] 2.37[116]
36 Ursae Majoris A 42.22±0.04[194] F8V[195] 1.105±0.020[147] 1.113±0.022[147] 4.82[117] 4.29[114]
Theta Ursae Majoris 43.96±0.08[71] F6IV[196] 2.41±0.02[145] 1.41[151] 3.18[197] 2.43[151]
Upsilon Andromedae A (Titawin) 44±0.1[71] F8V 1.57±0.03[198] 1.27±0.06[199] 4.10[96] 3.44[199]
Iota Piscium 44.53±0.10[200] F7V[201] 1.588±0.014[147] 1.135±0.015[147] 4.12[201] 3.43[202]
10 Tauri 45.5±0.3[71] F8V[203] 1.622±0.004[78] 1.139±0.016[78] 4.29[204] 3.60[124]
Alpha Fornacis A (Dalim) 45.66±0.08[205] F8IV[206] 2.04±0.06[72] 1.33±0.01[118] 3.98[207] 3.08[69] Part of a triple star system
26 Draconis A 46.3±0.2[71] F9V[142] 1.30[208] 5.236 (combined)[80] 4.58 (combined)[135] Part of a binary star system
Tau1 Eridani 46.56±0.11[209] F7V[210] 1.325[211] 1.15[212] 4.46[105] 3.68[213] Part of a binary star system
Theta Boötis A 47.2±0.1[214] F7V[184] 1.726±0.012[147] 1.232±0.012[147] 4.05[184] 3.25[69] Part of a binary star system
111 Tauri 47.55±0.07[215] F8V[165] 1.67±0.06[151] 1.14[85] 5.006[65] 4.19[69] Part of a binary star system
Psi Capricorni 47.7±0.1[216] F5V[54] 1.472[211] 1.37[85] 4.122[152] 3.33[213]
Eta Leporis 48.5±0.2[71] F2V[54] 1.52[217] 1.42[218] 3.72[117] 2.85[116]
HD 84117 48.77±0.08[219] F9V[220] 1.226[211] 1.15[85] 4.94[220] 4.04[69]
Alchiba 48.8±0.1[221] F1V[54] 1.42±0.03[171] 1.34+0.04
−0.06[171] 		4.03[105] 3.25[222] Part of a binary star system
Nu Phoenicis 49.77±0.05[223] F9VFe+0.4[54] 1.26±0.04[224] 1.17[224] 4.95[105] 4.07[224]
19 Draconis A 49.8±0.3[71] F8V[210] 1.2[225] 1.04[225] 4.89[105] 3.98[225] Part of a binary star system

List of nearest A-type stars

[edit]

This is a list of A-type stars within 70 light years.

Sirius A is the closest A-type star to the Earth.
Name Distance (ly) Spectral type Stellar radius (R☉) Stellar mass (M☉) Apparent magnitude (V) Absolute magnitude (V) Notes
Sirius A 8.6±0.04 A0mA1Va[115] 1.711[226] 2.063 ± 0.023[227] −1.46[228] 1.43[229] Also the sixth-nearest stellar system to the Solar System and the brightest star in the night sky.
Altair 16.7[230] A7Vn[115] 2.01 × 1.57[231] 1.86 ± 0.03[231] 0.76[52] 2.22[232] 12th brightest star in the night sky.
Vega 25.04±0.07 A0Va[115] 2.726 × 2.418[233] 2.135 ± 0.074[234] 0.026[235] 0.582[236] Fifth-brightest star in the night sky.
Fomalhaut A 25.13±0.09[237] A3V[23] 1.842 ± 0.019[107] 1.92 ± 0.02[107] 1.16[52] 1.72[107] 18th brightest star in the night sky. Part of a triple star system.
Denebola 35.9±0.2[71] A3Va[115] 1.75±0.02[238] 1.78[239] 2.14[4] 1.93[116]
Delta Capricorni (Deneb Algedi) 38.7±0.09 A7m III[240] 1.91[241] 2[241] 2.81[240] 2.48[116] Part of a binary star system
Iota Ursae Majoris A (Talitha) 47.3±0.1 A7V(n)[242] 1.67[243] 1.7 ± 0.1 3.14[117] 2.31[116] Part of a quadruple star system
Alpha Ophiuchi A (Rasalhague) 48.6±0.8 A5IVnn[244] 2.858 × 2.388[245] 2.4+0.23
−0.37[246] 		2.07[117] 1.248[247] Part of a binary star system.
Alderamin 49.05±0.08 A8Vn[115] or A7IV-V[248] 2.823 × 2.175[248] 2 ± 0.15[248] 2.46[249] 1.57[124]
Castor Aa 49.15±0.03[250] A1V[251] 2.089±0.005[250] 2.371±0.015[250] 1.93[75] 0.986[252] Part of a sextuple star system.
Ba Am[251] 1.648±0.011[250] 1.789±0.016[250] 2.97[75] 1.886[252]
Alpha Circini (Xami) 54±0.1 A7Vp[54] 1.976±0.066[253] 1.5–1.7[254] 3.18 - 3.21[106] 2.18[90]
Delta Leonis (Zosma) 58.4±0.3[71] A4V[255] 2.14±0.04[256] 2.2[257] 2.56[258] 1.29[116]
Beta Arietis A (Sheratan) 58.4±0.3[74] A3V[74] 1.985[74][c] 2.067[74] 2.655[177] 1.444[74] Part of a binary star system
Iota Centauri (Kulou) 58.6[71] A2V[54] 1.90±0.05[259][d] 2.03 ± 0.03[259] 2.73[117] 1.47[116]
Beta Pictoris 63.4±0.2[1] A6V[54] 1.732±0.123[260] 1.75[261] 3.861[262] 2.402[263] Has three known planets

List of nearest B-type stars

[edit]

This is a list of B-type stars within 200 light years.

Regulus A is the closest B-type star to the Earth.
Name Distance (ly) Spectral type Stellar radius (R☉) Stellar mass (M☉) Apparent magnitude (V) Absolute magnitude (V) Notes
Regulus A 79.3±0.7 B8IVn[96] 4.21 × 3.22[264] 4.15±0.06[264] 1.40[96] −0.57[116] Part of a binary star system. Also the 20th brightest star in the night sky.
Algol Aa1 90±3[71] B8V[265] 2.73±0.2[266] 3.17±0.21[266] 2.12 (combined)[52] −0.07[267] Part of a three-star system
Alpheratz A 97±1 B8IV-VHgMn[268] 2.94 ± 0.34[269][e] 3.63±0.201[270] 2.22[74] −0.193[74] Part of a binary star system
Alnair 101±0.7 B6V[54] or B7IV[165] 3.91[271][f] 3.82[192] 1.74[272] −0.72[116] 31st brightest star in the night sky.
Alkaid 103.9±0.8[71] B3V[180] 3.4±0.5[145] 6.1±0.1[273] 1.86[52] −0.67[116] 40th brightest star in the night sky.
Alpha Pegasi (Markab) 133±1 B9III[274] to A0IV[275] 4.62±0.29[276] 3.5[277] 2.48[117] −0.718[278]
Elnath 134±2 B7III[279] 4.79±0.13[155] 5±0.1[280] 1.65[52] −1.42[116] 27th brightest star in the night sky.
Achernar 139±3[71] B3Vpe[281] 9.16 × 6.78[282] 6[283] 0.40 – 0.46[284] −2.7[285] 9th brightest star in the night sky.
Beta1 Tucanae 140±1 B9V[286] 3.84[102] 4.37[112] Part of a six-star system
Epsilon Sagittarii A (Kaus Australis) 143±2[71] B9.5III[287] 8.8 × 6.01[288] 3.8[288] 1.85[117] −1.41[289] 38th brightest star in the night sky.
Epsilon Hydri 151.8±0.6[71] B9Va[116] 2.2[290] 2.64[291] 4.12[116] 0.78[116]
Phi Eridani 153.7±0.9[71] B8IV[292] 2.4[293] 3.5[192] 3.55[105] 0.183±0.027[263]
Gamma Corvi A (Gienah) 154±1[71] B8III[294] 4.086[295] 4.2+0.4
−0.3[280] 		2.585[57] −0.79[116]
Beta Canis Minoris (Gomeisa) 160±10 B8Ve[296] 3.5[297] 3.5[296] 2.84 – 2.92[284] −0.59[116]
Delta Cygni (Fawaris) 165±4[71] B9III[142] 4.81±0.36[276] 2.93[298] 2.87[52] −0.74
Kappa Andromedae (Kaffalmusalsala) 168±2 B9IVn[255] 2.29±0.06[299] 2.768+0.10
−0.11[300] 		4.139[301] 0.59[116] Has one confirmed exoplanet or brown dwarf
Peacock 179±5[71] B3V[302] 4.83[303] 5.91[192] 1.94[193] −1.762[304] 44th brightest star in the night sky.
Kappa1 Lupi 180±5[71] B9.5Vne[305] 2.3[100] 2.89±0.03[291] 3.86[105]
Alpha Sagittarii (Rukbat) 182±2 B8V[306] 2.69[271][g] 2.95[192] 3.97[117] 0.23[116]
Beta Librae (Zubeneschamali) 185±2 B8V[280] 4.9[h] 3.5+0.3
−0.2[280] 		2.61[258] −1.16

List of nearest O-type stars

[edit]

This is a list of O-type stars within 1,500 light years. Stars with spectra of sdO are subdwarf O stars, much smaller and fainter than typical O-type stars.

Zeta Ophiuchi is the closest known O-type star to the Earth.
Name Distance (ly) Spectral type Stellar radius (R☉) Stellar mass (M☉) Apparent magnitude (V) Absolute magnitude (V) Notes
Zeta Ophiuchi 440±40[308] O9.5V[309] 8.5[310] 20.2[311] 2.56 – 2.58[4] -4.2[310]
Phi Persei B 720±30[71] sdO[312] 1.3[313] 1.14[313]
28 Cygni B 838±24[314] sdO[315] 0.76±0.28[316]
Iota Arae B 915±23[1] sdO[317] 0.61±0.09[317] 1.06±0.29[317]
V846 Arae B 985±13[1] sdO[317] 0.27±0.04[317] 0.53±0.11[317]
Kappa1 Apodis B 1060±20[1] sdO[317] 0.44±0.06[317] 1.60±0.14[317]
Zeta Puppis (Naos) 1080±40 O4If(n)p[318] 13.5±0.2[319] 25.3±5.3[319] 2.24 – 2.26[320] −6.23[321]
Gamma Velorum A 1096+26
−23[322] 		O7.5III[323] 16.2[322] 28.5±1.1[324] 1.83 (combined)[52] −5.63[324] 30th brightest star in the night sky.
Mintaka 1200[325] O9.5II[325] 13.1[326] 17.8[325] 2.5[327] −5.8[328] Part of a multiple star system
V2119 Cygni B 1203±22.3[329] sdO[315] 1.62±0.28[315]
60 Cygni B 1225±57[330] sdO[315] 1.7[315] 0.48[315]
Alnitak 1260±180[331] O9.5lab[331] 20±3.2[331] 33±10[331] 2.08[331] −6[331] Part of a triple star system
Meissa A 1260±200[1] O8III((f))[318] 10.0±0.6[332] 34[333] 3.7[334] Part of a multiple star system
Sigma Orionis Aa 1263±4.3[335] O9.5V[336] 5.6[335] 16[335] 4.07 (combined)[337] −3.49[338] Part of a quintuple star system
AE Aurigae 1270±20[339] O9.5V[318] 6.8±0.5[340] 19.2±0.3[340] 5.96[52] (5.78 – 6.08)[284]
Xi Persei (Menkib) 1333±143[1] O7.5III(n)((f))[311] 10.1±1.3[332] 26[311]—36[341] 4.04[52] −5.5[311]
Theta1 Orionis C1 1340±65[342] O7Vp[343] 10.6±1.5[344] 33±5[345] 5.13[52] −4.9[344] Part of a binary star system
Iota Orionis Aa1 (Haytsa) 1343+45.6
−42.3[346] 		O9III[347] 8.3[348] 23.1[348] 2.77 (combined)[193] Part of a multiple star system
LS Muscae B 1383±43[1] sdO[317] 0.3±0.1[317] 1.43±0.31[317]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Calculated from the bolometric magnitude 4.54 ± 0.06 and the bolometric correction −0.12 ± 0.05 using the formula: BC = Mbol − MV
  2. ^ Calculated from the bolometric magnitude 4.54 ± 0.06 and the bolometric correction −0.12 ± 0.05 using the formula: BC = Mbol − MV
  3. ^ Calculated, using the Stefan-Boltzmann law and the star's effective temperature and luminosity, with respect to the solar nominal effective temperature of 5,772 K:
  4. ^ Calculated, using the Stefan-Boltzmann law and the star's effective temperature and luminosity, with respect to the solar nominal effective temperature of 5,772 K:
  5. ^ Applying the Stefan–Boltzmann law with a nominal solar effective temperature of 5,772 K:
    .
  6. ^ 0.00117 arcseconds*31.1 pc = 0.036387 AU (diameter). Should be multiplied by 107.5 to convert from AU to R☉.
  7. ^ Radius retrieved multiplying angular diameter to distance; 107.5*0.00048 arcseconds*52.1 pc = 2.69 R☉.
  8. ^ Calculated using an angular diameter of 0.801 Milliarcseconds.[307]


References

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Wikipedia

List of nearest stars by spectral type

Below there are lists the nearest stars separated by spectral type. The scope of the list is still restricted to the common main sequence spectral types: M, K, G, F, A, B and O. It may be later expanded to other types, such as S, D or C.

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An asteroid spectral type is assigned to asteroids based on their reflectance spectrum, color, and sometimes albedo. These types are thought to correspond to an asteroid's surface composition. For small bodies that are not internally differentiated, the surface and internal compositions are presumably similar, while large bodies such as Ceres and Vesta are known to have internal structure. Over the years, there has been a number of surveys that resulted in a set of different taxonomic systems such as the Tholen, SMASS and Bus–DeMeo classifications.

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An O-type star is a hot, blue star of spectral type O in the Yerkes classification system employed by astronomers. They have surface temperatures in excess of 30,000 kelvins (K). Stars of this type have strong absorption lines of ionised helium, strong lines of other ionised elements, and hydrogen and neutral helium lines weaker than spectral type B. Stars of this type are very rare, but because they are very bright, they can be seen at great distances; out of the 90 brightest stars as seen from Earth, 4 are type O. Due to their high mass, O-type stars end their lives rather quickly in violent supernova explosions, resulting in black holes or neutron stars. Most of these stars are young massive main sequence, giant, or supergiant stars, but also some central stars of planetary nebulae, old low-mass stars near the end of their lives, which typically have O-like spectra. O-type stars are typically found in regions of active star formation, such as the spiral arms of a spiral galaxy or a pair of galaxies undergoing collision and merger (such as the Antennae Galaxies). These stars illuminate any surrounding material and are largely responsible for the distinct bluish-white and pink coloration of a galaxy's arms. Furthermore, O-type stars often occur in multiple star systems, where their evolution is more difficult to predict due to mass transfer and the possibility of component stars exploding as supernovae at different times.

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Greenwood / Black Wall Street

Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.

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TRIVIA QUESTION OF THE DAY

Which heavyweight champion was known as the “Brown Bomber”?

Joe Louis.