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MY'STORY

The MOVE Fire

This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985 Philadelphia police fired thousands of rounds at the MOVE house, city officials approved dropping an explosive device on the roof, the resulting fire was allowed to burn, 11 people—including five children—died, and 61 homes were destroyed. Philadelphia City Council later called it a “brutal attack carried out by the City of Philadelphia on its own citizens” and acknowledged that no individual faced criminal consequences for the bombing. One timeline correction worth preserving for the BHP record: the major previous MOVE-police confrontation was August 8, 1978, about seven years before the bombing, not a year or two earlier. Officer James Ramp was killed, other police and firefighters were wounded, nine MOVE members were later convicted, and television cameras recorded police beating Delbert Africa during his arrest. The 1985 MOVE Commission later specifically criticized city planners for failing to adequately use lessons from that 1978 confrontation. And that actually strengthens the point you’re making: 1985 did not happen without precedent or institutional memory. There had already been a deadly confrontation with MOVE, years of conflict, negotiations and police involvement before Osage Avenue.

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BLACK FACTS
The Truths They Never Taught You...

Wilmington 1898 — An American Coup

Wilmington, North Carolina once had a thriving Black middle class and an elected interracial government. In 1898 white supremacists used violence to overthrow that government, kill Black residents and drive many others from the city.

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BHP gathered finds from its connected research sources. Showing the 4 strongest Black History matches.
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Wikipedia

Tau

Tau (/ˈtaʊ, ˈtɔː, ˈtɒ/ ⓘ;[1] uppercase Τ, lowercase τ or τ; Greek: ταυ [taf]) is the nineteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, representing the voiceless dental or alveolar plosive IPA: [t]. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 300.

The name in English is pronounced /taʊ/ or /tɔː/,[2] and in Greek it is [taf].[3][4] This is because the pronunciation of the combination of Greek letters αυ can have the pronunciation of either [ai], [av] or [af], depending on what follows and if a diaeresis is present on the second vowel or an accent mark is present on the first vowel in Greek orthography.

Tau was derived from the Phoenician letter taw (𐤕).[5] Letters that arose from tau include Latin T and Cyrillic Te (Т, т).

Modern usage

[edit]

The lower-case letter τ is used as a symbol for:

Biology

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Mathematics

[edit]

Physics

[edit]

Symbolism

[edit]
  • In ancient times, tau was used as a symbol for life or resurrection, whereas the eighth letter of the Greek alphabet, theta, was considered the symbol of death.[citation needed]
  • In Biblical times, the taw was put on men to distinguish those who lamented sin, although newer versions of the Bible have replaced the ancient term taw with mark (Ezekiel 9:4) or signature (Job 31:35). Its original sound value is a voiceless alveolar plosive, IPA /t/[citation needed]
  • The symbolism of the cross was connected not only to the letter chi but also to tau, the equivalent of the last letter in the Phoenician and Old Hebrew alphabets, and which was originally cruciform in shape; see Cross of Tau.[citation needed]
  • An essay written around 160 AD, attributed to Lucian, a mock legal prosecution called The Consonants at Law - Sigma vs. Tau, in the Court of the Seven Vowels, contains a reference to the cross attribution. Sigma petitions the court to sentence Tau to death by crucifixion, saying:
    Men weep, and bewail their lot, and curse Cadmus with many curses for introducing Tau into the family of letters; they say it was his body that tyrants took for a model, his shape that they imitated, when they set up structures on which men are crucified. Stauros (cross) the vile engine is called, and it derives its vile name from him. Now, with all these crimes upon him, does he not deserve death, nay, many deaths? For my part I know none bad enough but that supplied by his own shape — that shape which he gave to the gibbet named stauros after him by men
  • Tau is usually considered as the symbol of Franciscan orders due to St. Francis' love for it, symbol of the redemption and of the Cross. Almost all Franciscan churches have painted a tau with two crossing arms, both with stigmata, the one of Jesus and the other of Francis; members of the Secular Franciscan Order usually wear a wooden τ in a string with three knots around the neck
  • The title and symbol of "Tau" is used by neo-Gnostic bishops as it has some symbolism in many of the modern branches of Gnosticism.
  • For the unofficial astronomical symbol of Saturn’s moon of Titan, a ringed tau is connected to the crook of Saturn.

Unicode

[edit]

For the Greek and Coptic letter tau:[25]

  • U+03A4 Τ GREEK CAPITAL LETTER TAU (Τ)
  • U+03C4 τ GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU (τ)
  • U+2CA6 Ⲧ COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER TAU
  • U+2CA7 ⲧ COPTIC SMALL LETTER TAU
  • U+1D6BB 𝚻 MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL TAU[a]
  • U+1D6D5 𝛕 MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL TAU
  • U+1D6F5 𝛵 MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL TAU
  • U+1D70F 𝜏 MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL TAU
  • U+1D72F 𝜯 MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL TAU
  • U+1D749 𝝉 MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL TAU
  • U+1D769 𝝩 MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL TAU
  • U+1D783 𝞃 MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL TAU
  • U+1D7A3 𝞣 MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL TAU
  • U+1D7BD 𝞽 MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL TAU
  1. ^ The mathematical characters are used only in math. Stylized Greek text should be encoded using the normal Greek letters, with markup and formatting to indicate text style.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c The date given on the source is after that of the archive. This is because the original publishing date is unknown, so the latest update date is stated instead.
  2. ^ The archived version of this source may take a few minutes to render the TeX math codes properly.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "tau". Oxford English Dictionary (online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
    "tau". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d.
  2. ^ "Oxford Dictionaries Online". Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on July 20, 2012.
  3. ^ Gaifyllia, Nancy (10 Oct 2016). "The Greek Alphabet". The Spruce. Archived from the original on 28 Oct 2017. Retrieved 28 Oct 2017.
  4. ^ UNGEGN Working Group on Romanization Systems (1 Mar 2016). "UN Romanization of Greek for Geographical Names (1987)". Institute of the Estonian Language. Archived from the original on 18 Oct 2017. Retrieved 28 Oct 2017.
  5. ^ Panse, Sonal (1 May 2012). Finn, Wendy (ed.). "The Greek Alphabet: Where did It Come From & How Did It Become Modern Greek?". Bright Hub Education. Archived from the original on 22 Dec 2016. Retrieved 28 Oct 2017.
  6. ^ McPeak, John (10 Jun 2010). "McPeak, Lecture 4". Syracuse University. Archived from the original on 10 Jun 2010. Retrieved 27 Oct 2017.
  7. ^ MJ, Shelton; MB, Wire; Y, Lou; B, Adamkiewicz; SS, Min (Mar 2016). "Pharmacokinetic and safety evaluation of high-dose combinations of fosamprenavir and ritonavir". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 50 (3): 928–934. doi:10.1128/AAC.50.3.928-934.2006. PMC 1426463. PMID 16495253.
  8. ^ C, González; G, Farías; RB, Maccioni (1 Nov 1998). "Modification of tau to an Alzheimer's type protein interferes with its interaction with microtubules". Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 44 (7): 1117–1127. PMID 9846894 – via EuropeMC.
  9. ^ M, Sjögren; E, Englund (2004). "Negative neurofilament light and tau immunostaining in frontotemporal dementia". Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. 17 (4): 346–349. doi:10.1159/000077169. PMID 15178951. S2CID 9306507.
  10. ^ Weisstein, Eric W. (27 Oct 2017). "Divisor Function". mathworld.wolfram.com. Archived from the original on 29 Jun 2017. Retrieved 28 Oct 2017.
  11. ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Tau Function". mathworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved 2025-01-31. A function τ(n) related to the divisor function σ(n), also sometimes called Ramanujan's tau function.
  12. ^ "DLMF: §27.14 Unrestricted Partitions ‣ Additive Number Theory ‣ Chapter 27 Functions of Number Theory". dlmf.nist.gov. Retrieved 2025-01-31.
  13. ^ Weisstein, Eric W. (27 Oct 2017). "Golden Ratio". mathworld.wolfram.com. Archived from the original on 22 Aug 2017. Retrieved 28 Oct 2017.
  14. ^ Ghent, A. W. (June 1963). "Kendall's "Tau" Coefficient as an Index of Similarity in Comparisons of Plant or Animal Communities". The Canadian Entomologist. 95 (6): 568–575. Bibcode:1963CaEnt..95..568G. doi:10.4039/ent95568-6. S2CID 84897435 – via Cambridge University Press.
  15. ^ Lowther, George (23 Nov 2009). "Sigma Algebras at a Stopping Time". Almost Sure at Wordpress. Archived from the original on 21 Dec 2016. Retrieved 28 Oct 2017.
  16. ^ Hartl, Michael (28 Jun 2010). "The Tau Manifesto". Tau Day. Archived from the original on 7 Oct 2017. Retrieved 28 Oct 2017.
  17. ^ Bartholomew, Randyn Charles (June 25, 2014). "Let's Use Tau–It's Easier Than Pi". Scientific American. Archived from the original on September 8, 2017. Retrieved 2020-08-31.
  18. ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Torsion". Wolfram MathWorld. Archived from the original on 29 Aug 2017. Retrieved 28 Oct 2017.
  19. ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Thue-Morse Sequence". mathworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved 2025-01-31. The Thue–Morse sequence, also called the Morse–Thue sequence or Prouhet–Thue–Morse sequence (Allouche and Cosnard 2000), is one of a number of related sequences of numbers obtained from the parities of the counts of 1's in the binary representation of the nonnegative integers.
  20. ^ Elert, Glenn (2023), "Special Symbols", The Physics Hypertextbook, hypertextbook, retrieved 2025-02-01, τ shear stress
  21. ^ Braslavsky, S. E. (2007-01-01). "Glossary of terms used in photochemistry, 3rd edition (IUPAC Recommendations 2006)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 79 (3): 448. doi:10.1351/pac200779030293. ISSN 1365-3075. S2CID 96601716. lifetime τ
  22. ^ Elert, Glenn (2023), "Special Symbols", The Physics Hypertextbook, hypertextbook, retrieved 2025-02-01, τ time constant
  23. ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Tau". mathworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved 2025-02-01. The symbol also has a number of other different meanings in physics, for example the tau particle, tau neutrino, as a symbol for torque, etc.
  24. ^ Elert, Glenn (2023), "Special Symbols", The Physics Hypertextbook, hypertextbook, retrieved 2025-02-01, τ, τ torque
  25. ^ Unicode: "Greek and Coptic (Range: 0370-03FF)".

Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.

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Wikipedia

Tau

Tau ( ; uppercase Τ, lowercase τ or τ; Greek: ταυ [taf]) is the nineteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, representing the voiceless dental or alveolar plosive IPA: [t]. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 300. The name in English is pronounced or , and in Greek it is [taf]. This is because the pronunciation of the combination of Greek letters αυ can have the pronunciation of either [ai], [av] or [af], depending on what follows and if a diaeresis is present on the second vowel or an accent mark is present on the first vowel in Greek orthography. Tau was derived from the Phoenician letter taw (𐤕). Letters that arose from tau include Latin T and Cyrillic Te (Т, т).

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Wikipedia

Tau Ceti

Tau Ceti is a single star in the constellation Cetus. Its name is a Bayer designation. Spectrally, this star is similar to the Sun, although it has only about 78% of the Sun's mass. At a distance of just under 12 light-years (3.7 parsecs) from the Solar System, it is a relatively nearby star and the closest solitary G-type star. The star appears stable, with little stellar variation, and is metal-deficient (low in elements other than hydrogen and helium) relative to the Sun. It can be seen with the unaided eye with an apparent magnitude of 3.5. As seen from Tau Ceti, the Sun would be in the northern hemisphere constellation Boötes with an apparent magnitude of about 2.6. Observations have detected more than ten times as much dust surrounding Tau Ceti as is present in the Solar System. Tau Ceti has been an object of interest for exoplanet searches, and a number of candidate planets have been proposed, but as of 2025 there remains no unambiguous evidence of planets. Because of its debris disk, any planet orbiting Tau Ceti would face far more impact events than present day Earth. Despite this hurdle to habitability, its solar analog (Sun-like) characteristics have led to widespread interest in the star. Given its stability, similarity and relative proximity to the Sun, Tau Ceti is consistently listed as a target for the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI).

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Wikipedia

Tau (particle)

The tau (τ, ), also called the tau lepton, tau particle or tauon, is an elementary particle similar to the electron, with negative electric charge and a spin of ⁠1/2⁠. Like the electron, the muon, and the three neutrinos, the tau is a lepton, and like all elementary particles with half-integer spin, the tau has a corresponding antiparticle of opposite charge but equal mass and spin. In the tau's case, this is the "antitau" (also called the positive tau). Tau particles are denoted by the symbol τ− and the antitaus by τ+. Tau leptons have a lifetime of 2.9×10−13 s and a mass of 1776.9 MeV/c2 (compared to 105.66 MeV/c2 for muons and 0.511 MeV/c2 for electrons). Because their interactions are very similar to those of the electron, a tau can be thought of as a much heavier version of the electron. Due to their greater mass, tau particles do not emit as much bremsstrahlung (braking radiation) as electrons; consequently they are potentially much more highly penetrating than electrons. Because of its short lifetime, the range of the tau is mainly set by its decay length, which is too small for bremsstrahlung to be noticeable. Its penetrating power appears only at ultra-high velocity and energy (above petaelectronvolt energies), when time dilation extends its otherwise very short path-length. As with the case of the other charged leptons, the tau has an associated tau neutrino, denoted by ντ.

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Wikipedia

Tau protein

The tau proteins (abbreviated from tubulin associated unit) form a group of six highly soluble protein isoforms produced by alternative splicing from the gene MAPT (microtubule-associated protein tau). They have roles primarily in maintaining the stability of microtubules in axons and are abundant in the neurons of the central nervous system (CNS), where the cerebral cortex has the highest abundance. They are less common elsewhere but are also expressed at very low levels in CNS astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Degeneration of the nervous system in forms of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia (FTD) disorders, and Parkinson's disease are associated with tau protein pathology, in which tau abnormally aggregates. The tau proteins were identified in 1975 as heat-stable proteins essential for microtubule assembly, and have since been characterized as intrinsically disordered proteins.

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TOPIC OF THE DAY

Greenwood / Black Wall Street

Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.

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TRIVIA QUESTION OF THE DAY

Which Black woman became the first elected to the United States Congress?

Shirley Chisholm, elected in 1968.