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Wilmington, North Carolina once had a thriving Black middle class and an elected interracial government. In 1898 white supremacists used violence to overthrow that government, kill Black residents and drive many others from the city.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
 | |
| Type | Società per azioni |
|---|---|
| BIT: TRN FTSE MIB | |
| Industry | Utilities |
| Founded | 1999 |
| Headquarters | Rome, Italy |
| Key people | |
| Services | Transmission system operator |
| Revenue | € 4,033.0 million [1] (2025) |
| € 1,789.9 million [1] (2025) | |
| € 1,113.5 million [1] (2025) | |
| Total assets | € 29,982.8 million [1] (2025) |
| Total equity | € 7,791.3 million [1] (2025) |
Number of employees | 7,117 [1] (2025) |
| Website | www |
Terna S.p.A. is a transmission system operator (TSO) based in Rome, Italy. It operates through Terna Rete Italia, that manages the Italian transmission grid and Terna Plus which is in charge of new business opportunities and non-traditional activities in Peru and USA (2025).[1] With 75,905 kilometres (47,165 mi) of power lines or around 98% of the Italian high-voltage power transmission grid, Terna is the leading independent grid operator in Europe and the sixth largest electricity transmission grid operator in the world based on the size of its electrical grid.[1][2] Terna is listed on the Borsa Italiana[3] and is a constituent of the FTSE MIB index.[4]
On 31 May 1999, Terna was established within the Enel Group, by way of implementation of Italian Legislative Decree No. 79/99[5] which within the context of the process for the deregulation of the Italian electricity sector, sanctioned the separation between ownership and management of the national transmission grid.[6]
On 23 June 2004, following the Prime Minister's Decree issued on 11 May of the same year, Terna was put on sale with an IPO on Borsa Italiana.[7]
In November 2005, Terna acquired a business unit from GRTN, as defined by the Prime Ministerial Decree of 11 May 2004. Cassa Depositi e Prestiti became the relative majority shareholder.[8]
In 2010 Terna joined Desertec, a project aimed at producing and transmitting renewable energy in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) to meet local needs and be assigned in part to the European interconnected grid.[9][10]
In 2011, the Terna Group reorganized its corporate structure, establishing a holding company overseeing two fully owned operational subsidiaries: Terna Rete Italia and Terna Plus, each with its own CEO and board of directors.[11]
In 2013, Terna initiated strategic projects, including the “Capri-Torre Annunziata” submarine cable connecting Capri to mainland Italy.[12][13] The same year, Terna and its French counterpart RTE began work on enhancing the Italy-France interconnection via the new “Piedmont-Savoy” line,[14][15] which became operational in 2023.[16]
In 2015, Terna acquired the high-voltage grid of the FS Italiane Group[17] and started developing new national and international interconnection infrastructures, including SA.CO.I.3 (Italy-Corsica-Sardinia)[18][19] and links with Montenegro (inaugurated in 2019)[20][21] and Austria (operational in 2023).[22][23]
To support efficiency improvements and environmental protection investments in its national infrastructure, Terna issued its first Green bond worth €750 million in July 2018,[24] becoming the first Italian utility to do so.[25] Additional green hybrid bonds followed in 2022 (€1 billion)[26] and 2024 (€850 million).[27]
In 2022, Terna launched the Tyrrhenian Link interconnection project between Campania and Sicily,[28][29] followed in 2023 by the Adriatic Link project between Marche and Abruzzo.[30][31] That year, Terna also activated the submarine connection between Elba Island and Piombino.[32] Internationally, the company developed the world's longest direct-current cable laid along a highway between Italy and France[33] and initiated the first submarine direct-current connection between Europe and North Africa, linking Italy and Tunisia.[34][35]
In April 2023, Giuseppina Di Foggia was appointed CEO and General Manager, becoming the first woman to lead a major publicly listed Italian company.[36][37] The same year, Terna launched its 2023-2032 Development Plan,[38] featuring over 30 infrastructure projects, including the Hypergrid project,[39] utilizing high-voltage direct current (HVDC) technologies to double exchange capacity and achieve Italy’s energy transition and security objectives.[40] The Plan was updated in 2025.[41][42]
On 6 November 2024, Terna signed a binding agreement with Areti, a company controlled by Acea, for the acquisition of part of the high-voltage power grid in the metropolitan area of Rome, marking a step in the process of streamlining and unifying the management of the national transmission grid.[43]
In March 2025, Terna Energy Solutions, the Group company managing non-regulated activities, was reorganized by integrating expertise previously managed by other subsidiaries. Specifically, Altenia was established, bringing together all system integrator activities that had previously been managed separately by LT, Terna Energy Solutions, and Avvenia.[44]
Also in 2025, the Terna Foundation, established in July 2024, was officially presented to the public to promote greater inclusion and broad access to the world of energy through projects and initiatives focused on three main areas of intervention: the dissemination of an energy culture, promoting literacy also through educational initiatives involving younger generations; combating energy poverty; and programs that foster access to the labor market and new professional opportunities in the energy sector.[45][46]
As a Transmission System Operator, Terna is responsible for the transmission, management, and dispatching of electricity across the Italian high- and extra-high-voltage grid.[47] It ensures a constant balance between energy demand and supply while promoting the country’s energy and digital transition through the progressive decarbonization of the electricity system and increased integration of renewable energy sources.[48][49]
Terna plans, designs, and builds interconnection infrastructures within Italy and abroad to ensure the country’s energy security.[50] It also maintains existing infrastructures and works to minimize their impact on biodiversity and landscapes.[51] Operating as a natural monopoly, Terna is regulated by the Italian Authority for Energy, Networks, and the Environment (ARERA).[48]
Terna also engages in unregulated activities supporting the energy transition, primarily through Terna Energy Solutions and its subsidiaries.[52]
It provides services to companies in the energy and connectivity market with solutions in photovoltaic systems,[53] energy efficiency,[54] smart grids,[55] housing and hosting, fiber optics, and the production of transformers and underground cables.[56]
Terna's assets include:[1]
To safeguard its assets, Terna has created an organization capable of protecting the company's physical and technological infrastructures, also through the prevention and management of episodes of corporate fraud. In this framework, in order to guarantee the maximum safeguarding of said infrastructures and investments, it has signed memoranda of understanding, first of its kind and type with the Ministry of the Interior, Carabinieri and Guardia di Finanza.
The Terna Group includes:[1]
On April 1, 2009, Terna acquired 100% of Enel High Voltage Lines S.r.l. from Enel Distribuzione S.p.A. The company owned 18,583 kilometers of high-voltage electricity grid, purchased for €1,152 million. This acquisition brought Terna's ownership to 98.5% of the national grid.[60] Since 2009, Terna has managed these assets using the same approach previously adopted by Enel, outsourcing grid management to third-party companies through national tenders. These companies include Consorzio Arcobaleno, Consorzio Golden Lucano, and Siel.
| Year | Revenue (€ million) |
EBITDA (€ million) |
Net Profit (€ million) |
Dividend (€ cents) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025[1] | 4,033.0 | 2,750.8 | 1,111.5 | 3.62 |
| 2024[61] | 3,680.2 | 2,566.4 | 1,061.9 | 39.62 |
| 2023[62] | 3,186.7 | 2,168.6 | 885.4 | 33.96 |
| 2022[63] | 2,964.5 | 2,059.2 | 857.0 | 31.44 |
| 2021[64] | 2,604.8 | 1,854.8 | 789.4 | 29.11 |
| 2020[65] | 2,514.0 | 1,830.0 | 786.0 | 26.95 |
| 2019[66] | 2,295.1 | 1,741.2 | 757.3 | 25.00 |
| 2018[67] | 2,197.0 | 1,650.6 | 706.6 | 23.00 |
| 2017[68] | 2,162.8 | 1,603.9 | 688.3 | 22.00 |
| 2016[69] | 2,103.2 | 1,544.7 | 633.1 | 20.00 |
| 2015[70] | 2,082.1 | 1,539.2 | 595.3 | 20.00 |
| 2014[71] | 1,996.4 | 1,491.5 | 544.5 | 20.00 |
| 2013[72] | 1,896.4 | 1,488.1 | 513.6 | 20.00 |
| 2012[72] | 1,805.9 | 1,390.0 | 463.6 | 20.00 |
| 2011[73] | 1,554.0 | 1,122.0 | 454.0 | 21.00 |
| 2010[73] | 1,589.2 | 1,174.9 | 612.0 | 21.00 |
| 2009[74] | 1,390.2 | 1,003.2 | 771.0 | 19.00 |
| 2008[75] | 1,196.0 | 850.7 | 335.3 | 15.80 |
| 2007[75] | 1,348.2 | 977.8 | 434.2 | 15.10 |
Chairmen
Chief Executive Officers
Board members, appointed on May 12, 2026, for the 2026–2028 term:[87]
Terna has been listed in the Italian Stock Exchange since 2004. The main shareholders are:[1]
Certificate and Golden Bronze Medal of Excellence, First Class, for Public Merit[88]
"For participation in the seismic event of April 6, 2009, in Abruzzo, due to the extraordinary contribution made with the deployment of human and instrumental resources to overcome the emergency." — Rome, Decree of the President of the Council of Ministers, October 11, 2010
Media related to Terna (TSO) at Wikimedia Commons
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Terna S.p.A. is a transmission system operator (TSO) based in Rome, Italy. It operates through Terna Rete Italia, that manages the Italian transmission grid and Terna Plus which is in charge of new business opportunities and non-traditional activities in Peru and USA (2025). With 75,905 kilometres (47,165 mi) of power lines or around 98% of the Italian high-voltage power transmission grid, Terna is the leading independent grid operator in Europe and the sixth largest electricity transmission grid operator in the world based on the size of its electrical grid. Terna is listed on the Borsa Italiana and is a constituent of the FTSE MIB index.
The FTSE/Athex Large Cap is the stock index of the twenty-five largest companies on the Athens Stock Exchange. As of 26 May 2018 the stocks comprising this index are: Viohalco, Coca-Cola HBC AG, EYDAP, Terna Energy, Lamda Development S.A., Hellenic Petroleum, Gr. Sarantis S.A, GEK Terna, Titan Cement, ADMIE Public Power Corporation, Mytilineos Holdings, OTE, OPAP, Motor Oil Hellas, Jumbo S.A., Piraeus Port Authority (OLP), Eurobank Ergasias, Alpha Bank, National Bank of Greece, Piraeus Bank, Folli Follie, Hellenic Exchanges Group, Grivalia Properties R.E.I.C., Aegean Airlines. Former members in recent history include Ellaktor, Metka (Metal Constructions of Greece S.A.), Attica Bank, Fourlis S.A., ATEbank, Bank of Cyprus, Cosmote, Corinth Pipeworks, Emporiki Bank, EYDAP, Frigoglass, Intralot, Marfin Investment Group, Marfin Popular Bank/Cyprus Popular Bank, Greek Postal Savings Bank/TT Hellenic Postbank etc. The Athens Exchange uses the symbol FTSE for this index. The Bloomberg code for this index is FTASE; the ISIN is GRI99201A006 . Financial Times uses the symbol FTS:ATH for this index; Yahoo! Finance uses the symbol FTSE.AT .
Kasteli International Airport (ICAO: LGTL) — also known as the New International Airport of Heraklion, Crete (Νέος Διεθνής Αερολιμένας Ηρακλείου Κρήτης) — is an international airport under construction on the Greek island of Crete. Located in Kasteli, 39 km (24 mi) southeast of Heraklion, this new airport will replace the existing Heraklion International Airport and is expected to open by 2028. Kasteli Hellenic Air Force Base currently operates at this location as a military facility for the Hellenic Air Force, housing F-16 Fighting Falcon fighter aircraft from the 133 Combat Group. Initially, the new airport will have the capacity to handle nine million local and international passengers per year, with a maximum handling capacity of 18 million passengers annually. The foundation laying ceremony for the project was held in February 2020, marking the official start of construction. The Ariadne Airport Group consortium, which includes GEK Terna in partnership with the Indian GMR Group, is developing, and will operate and manage the new international airport on this site. The airbase will continue to function adjacent to the new airport. The airport currently features a single operational runway measuring 2,991 m (9,813 ft). A 3,200 m (10,500 ft) runway, capable of handling commercial aircraft such as the Airbus A380, will be built 450 m parallel to the existing military runway.
The Aktor Group (Greek: Όμιλος Άκτωρ), formerly known as Intrakat, one of the biggest construction companies in Greece, established in 1987, is involved in large-scale construction projects, including civil engineering, infrastructure, telecom network, renewable energy, environmental and real estate development projects in both the public and private sectors. Following the delivery of Paros and Karpathos airports (airport terminal, airside), Intrakat has been awarded in March 2017 by Fraport Greece as the contractor to design and built all the refurbishment, remodelling and expansion works in 14 peripheral airports in Greece. In November 2023, Intrakat acquired Aktor from Ellaktor for a total of €224.8 million ($243.07 million): Intrakat then renamed itself to the Aktor Group, in October 2024. In September 2025, the Aktor Group acquired Aktor Concessions from Ellaktor for €194.6 million ($210.41 million).
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Joe Louis.
