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Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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Katherine Johnson’s mathematical calculations helped guide some of America’s most important early space missions while she confronted the racial and gender barriers faced by Black women in twentieth-century America.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
| UMW General Coal Strike of 1922 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Coal Wars | |||
 Group of striking union miners and the families living in tents, Lick Creek, West Virginia. April 12, 1922 | |||
| Date | April 1 – September 11, 1922 (5 months) | ||
| Location | North America | ||
| Goals | Renewal of previous contract terms | ||
| Result | Renewal of previous contract terms | ||
| Parties | |||
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| Lead figures | |||
| Number | |||
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The 1922 UMW Miner strike or The Big Coal Strike[1] was a nationwide general strike of miners in the US and Canada[a] after the United Mine Worker's (UMW) trade union contract expired on March 31, 1922. The strike decision was ordered March 22, to start effective April 1. Around 610,000 mine workers struck.[2][3][4] About 100,000 of the striking miners were non-union or not associated with the UMW.
Negotiations having failed to produce a contract, on March 22, 1922,[5] union president John L. Lewis ordered the strike to commence on April 1, the day after the expiration of the current contract.[6] More than 600,000 miners went on strike leaving 185,000 miners not on strike;[7][8] 10,000 of which were union members running the pumps so the mines didn't flood.[2] The Labor World at the time reported the following for many of the states,
"... of the 13,000 Kansas miners, but 1,000 are working ... Colorado, also, has a law which outlaws strikes under certain conditions, but only 4,000 of the 19,000 miners before the strike was called are working.
... Pennsylvania reports that not a man of the 155,000 anthracite miners are working, and but 20,000 of the 175,000 bituminous men are working.
Despite the terroristic policy of West Virginia coal owners, and the aid given them by the state, there are 40,000 of the 90,000 coal miners on strike.
The states that report a 100 per cent strike are: Illinois, 90,000 out; Ohio, 50,000 out; Indiana, 3000 out; Iowa, 15,000 out; Montana, 5,000, out; Michigan, 3,000 out.
Wyoming reports 7,000 on strike while 8,000 were employed before the strike. The same situation is reported by Virginia, Arkansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma and several other states."[2]
In June during the strike, the Herrin mine massacre occurred in Illinois. A month later, on July 1 the Great Railroad Strike of 1922 started. Political comics from the time suggest there was solidarity between the miners and rail workers.[9][10]
A contract was reached on September 2, 1922, it covered members of the UMW extending the agreement terms of the previous contract to August 31, 1923. The Federal Coal Commission was also formed as part of the agreement.[11] After ratification, mining resumed on September 11. The general coal strike lasted 163 days.[4] However non-unionized mining workers were not covered by the UMW contract.
After the UMW ended their strike, around 25,000 Windber, Pennsylvania miners[12] continued striking. Those miners voted to end their strike on August 14, 1923, after failing to gain a contract.[1][8]
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
The 1922 UMW Miner strike or The Big Coal Strike was a nationwide general strike of miners in the US and Canada after the United Mine Worker's (UMW) trade union contract expired on March 31, 1922. The strike decision was ordered March 22, to start effective April 1. Around 610,000 mine workers struck. About 100,000 of the striking miners were non-union or not associated with the UMW.
The United Mine Workers coal strike of 1919 saw bituminous coal miners strike for over a month, from November 1 to December 10, 1919, for better wages.
The Bituminous coal strike of 1974 was a 28-day national coal strike in the United States led by the United Mine Workers of America. It is generally considered a successful strike by the union. Since the 1940s, the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) had negotiated a nationwide National Coal Wage Agreement with the Bituminous Coal Operators Association (BCOA), a group of large coal mine operators. The three-year agreements covered national bargaining issues such as wages, health and pension benefits, workplace health and safety, and work rules. Local agreements, far more limited in scope, were negotiated by each individual local affiliate of UMWA.
The Bituminous coal strike of 1977–1978 was a 110-day national coal strike in the United States led by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA). It began December 6, 1977, and ended on March 19, 1978. It is generally considered a successful union strike, although the contract was not beneficial to union members. Since the 1940s, the UMWA had negotiated a nationwide National Coal Wage Agreement with the Bituminous Coal Operators Association (BCOA), a group of large coal mine operators. The three-year agreements covered national bargaining issues such as wages, health and pension benefits, workplace health and safety, and work rules. Local agreements, far more limited in scope, were negotiated by each individual local affiliate of UMWA.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.
