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MY'STORY

The MOVE Fire

This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985 Philadelphia police fired thousands of rounds at the MOVE house, city officials approved dropping an explosive device on the roof, the resulting fire was allowed to burn, 11 people—including five children—died, and 61 homes were destroyed. Philadelphia City Council later called it a “brutal attack carried out by the City of Philadelphia on its own citizens” and acknowledged that no individual faced criminal consequences for the bombing. One timeline correction worth preserving for the BHP record: the major previous MOVE-police confrontation was August 8, 1978, about seven years before the bombing, not a year or two earlier. Officer James Ramp was killed, other police and firefighters were wounded, nine MOVE members were later convicted, and television cameras recorded police beating Delbert Africa during his arrest. The 1985 MOVE Commission later specifically criticized city planners for failing to adequately use lessons from that 1978 confrontation. And that actually strengthens the point you’re making: 1985 did not happen without precedent or institutional memory. There had already been a deadly confrontation with MOVE, years of conflict, negotiations and police involvement before Osage Avenue.

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BLACK FACTS
The Truths They Never Taught You...

Wilmington 1898 — An American Coup

Wilmington, North Carolina once had a thriving Black middle class and an elected interracial government. In 1898 white supremacists used violence to overthrow that government, kill Black residents and drive many others from the city.

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Wikipedia

Uncrewed spaceflights to the International Space Station

The four active uncrewed spacecraft flying to the ISS clockwise from top left: Cargo Dragon 2, Cygnus XL, HTV-X and Progress MS.

Uncrewed spaceflights to the International Space Station (ISS) are made primarily to deliver cargo, however several Russian modules have also docked to the outpost following uncrewed launches. Resupply missions typically use the Russian Progress spacecraft, i.e., Progress-M (Standard and Modified), Progress-M1 and Progress MS series vehicles, European Automated Transfer Vehicles, Japanese Kounotori vehicles, and the American Dragon 1 and 2 vehicles and Cygnus (Standard, Enhanced and XL series) spacecraft. The primary docking system for Progress spacecraft is the automated Kurs system, with the manual TORU system as a backup. ATVs also use Kurs, however they are not equipped with TORU. The other spacecraft — the Japanese HTVs and HTV-Xs, the SpaceX Dragon (under CRS phase 1) and the Northrop Grumman[1] Cygnus vehicles — rendezvous with the station before being grappled using Canadarm2 and berthed at the nadir port of the Harmony or Unity module for one to two months. Progress, Cygnus and ATV can remain docked for up to six months.[2][3] Under CRS phase 2, SpaceX Cargo Dragon docks autonomously at IDA-2 or 3 as the case may be. As of September 2026, Progress spacecraft have flown most of the uncrewed missions to the ISS.

To avoid confusion, this list includes Soyuz MS-23, which was launched uncrewed and landed crewed, but does not include Soyuz MS-22 and Boeing Crewed Flight Test, which was launched crewed and landed uncrewed, which is listed at List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station.

Current and completed spaceflights

[edit]
Graphical representation of history of uncrewed flights, divided by year and rocket family.

This is a list of uncrewed spaceflights to the International Space Station.

Key to box background colors:

  •   Module launch
  •   Launch failure, spacecraft did not reach orbit
  •   Partial failure, spacecraft reached orbit but did not rendezvous with ISS

Note: Russia has delivered cargo via the uncrewed missions of Progress since the launch of the ISS, while the U.S. had used Space Shuttles for hybrid human/cargo missions, resulting in a greater number of Russian uncrewed flights to the ISS. Since the discontinuation of the Space Shuttle program in 2011, the numbers of crewed and uncrewed flights by the U.S. and Russia are more closely matched.

No. Spacecraft Flight No. Mission Launch vehicle Launch
(UTC) 		Docked/Berthed
(UTC) † 		Undocked/Unberthed
(UTC) 		Duration
1 Zarya Russia United States ISS‑1A/R Cargo storage Proton-K 20 Nov 1998, 06:40 Reached ISS orbit: 25 Nov 1998 First module of ISS
2 Zvezda Russia ISS‑1R Service module Proton-K 12 Jul 2000, 04:56 26 Jul 2000, 00:44 attached to ISS
3 Progress M1-3 Russia ISS‑1P Logistics Soyuz‑U 6 Aug 2000, 18:26 8 Aug 2000, 20:12 1 Nov 2000, 04:04 84d 7h 52m
4 Progress M1-4[4] Russia ISS‑2P Logistics Soyuz‑U 16 Nov 2000, 01:32 18 Nov 2000, 03:47 1 Dec 2000, 16:22 13d 12h 35m
26 Dec 2000, 11:03 8 Feb 2001, 11:26 44d 23m
5 Progress M-44 Russia ISS‑3P Logistics Soyuz‑U 26 Feb 2001, 08:09 28 Feb 2001, 09:50 16 Apr 2001, 08:48 46d 22h 58m
6 Progress M1-6 Russia ISS‑4P Logistics Soyuz‑FG 20 May 2001, 22:32 23 May 2001, 00:24 22 Aug 2001, 06:02 91d 5h 38m
7 Progress M-45 Russia ISS‑5P Logistics Soyuz‑U 21 Aug 2001, 09:24 23 Aug 2001, 09:51 22 Nov 2001, 16:12 91d 6h 21m
8 Pirs Russia ISS‑4R Docking/airlock module Soyuz‑U 14 Sep 2001, 23:35 17 Sep 2001, 01:05 26 Jul 2021, 10:55 with Progress MS-16 7252d 9h 50m
Progress DC-1 Delivered Pirs 26 Sep 2001,15:36 9d 14h 31m
9 Progress M1-7 Russia ISS‑6P Logistics Soyuz‑FG 26 Nov 2001, 18:24 28 Nov 2001, 19:43 19 Mar 2002, 17:43 110d 22 h
10 Progress M1-8 Russia ISS‑7P Logistics Soyuz‑U 21 Mar 2002, 20:13 24 Mar 2002, 20:57 25 Jun 2002, 08:26 92d 11h 29m
11 Progress M-46 Russia ISS‑8P Logistics Soyuz‑U 26 Jun 2002, 05:36 29 Jun 2002, 06:23 24 Sep 2002, 13:59 87d 7h 36m
12 Progress M1-9 Russia ISS‑9P Logistics Soyuz‑FG 25 Sep 2002, 16:58 29 Sep 2002, 17:00 1 Feb 2003, 16:00 124d 23 h
13 Progress M-47 Russia ISS‑10P Logistics Soyuz‑U 2 Feb 2003, 12:59 4 Feb 2003, 14:49 28 Aug 2003, 22:48 205d 7h 59m
14 Progress M1-10 Russia ISS‑11P Logistics Soyuz‑U 8 Jun 2003, 10:34 11 Jun 2003, 11:15 4 Sep 2003, 19:41 85d 8h 26m
15 Progress M-48 Russia ISS‑12P Logistics Soyuz‑U 29 Aug 2003, 01:48 31 Aug 2003, 03:40 28 Jan 2004, 08:35 150d 4h 55m
16 Progress M1-11 Russia ISS‑13P Logistics Soyuz‑U 29 Jan 2004, 11:58 31 Jan 2004, 13:13 24 May 2004, 09:19 113d 20h 6m
17 Progress M-49 Russia ISS‑14P Logistics Soyuz‑U 25 May 2004, 12:34 27 May 2004, 13:54 30 Jul 2004, 06:05 63d 16h 11m
18 Progress M-50 Russia ISS‑15P Logistics Soyuz‑U 11 Aug 2004, 05:03 14 Aug 2004, 05:03 22 Dec 2004, 18:37 130d 13h 34m
19 Progress M-51 Russia ISS‑16P Logistics Soyuz‑U 23 Dec 2004, 22:19 25 Dec 2004, 23:58 27 Feb 2005, 16:07 63d 16h 9m
20 Progress M-52 Russia ISS‑17P Logistics Soyuz‑U 28 Feb 2005, 19:09 2 Mar 2005, 19:10 16 Jun 2005, 20:15 106d 1h 5m
21 Progress M-53 Russia ISS‑18P Logistics Soyuz‑U 16 Jun 2005, 23:09 19 Jun 2005, 00:45 7 Sep 2005, 06:26 80d 5h 41m
22 Progress M-54 Russia ISS‑19P Logistics Soyuz‑U 8 Sep 2005, 09:08 10 Sep 2005, 10:42 3 Mar 2006, 10:06 173d 23h 24m
23 Progress M-55 Russia ISS‑20P Logistics Soyuz‑U 21 Dec 2005, 18:38 23 Dec 2005, 19:46 19 Jun 2006, 14:06 177d 18h 21m
24 Progress M-56 Russia ISS‑21P Logistics Soyuz‑U 24 Apr 2006, 16:03 26 Apr 2006, 16:12 19 Sep 2006, 00:28 145d 6h 47m
25 Progress M-57 Russia ISS‑22P Logistics Soyuz‑U 24 Jun 2006, 15:08 26 Jun 2006, 16:24 16 Jan 2007, 23:32 204d 7h 8m
26 Progress M-58 Russia ISS‑23P Logistics Soyuz‑U 23 Oct 2006, 13:41 26 Oct 2006, 14:28 27 Mar 2007, 18:00 152d 3h 32m
27 Progress M-59 Russia ISS‑24P Logistics Soyuz‑U 18 Jan 2007, 02:12 20 Jan 2007, 03:58 1 Aug 2007, 14:07 193d 10h 9m
28 Progress M-60 Russia ISS‑25P Logistics Soyuz‑U 12 May 2007, 03:25 15 May 2007, 05:10 19 Sep 2007, 00:37 126d 19h 27m
29 Progress M-61 Russia ISS‑26P Logistics Soyuz‑U 2 Aug 2007, 17:34 5 Aug 2007, 18:40 22 Dec 2007, 04:00 138d 9h 20m
30 Progress M-62 Russia ISS‑27P Logistics Soyuz‑U 23 Dec 2007, 07:12[5] 26 Dec 2007, 08:14[6] 4 Feb 2008, 10:32[7] 40d 2h 18m
31 Progress M-63 Russia ISS‑28P Logistics Soyuz‑U 5 Feb 2008, 13:02[8] 7 Feb 2008, 14:30[9] 7 Apr 2008, 08:49[10] 59d 18h 19m
32 Jules Verne European Union ATV‑1 Flight test, logistics Ariane 5ES 9 Mar 2008, 04:03 3 Apr 2008, 14:45 5 Sep 2008, 21:29 155d 6h 44m
33 Progress M-64 Russia ISS‑29P Logistics Soyuz‑U 14 May 2008, 20:22 16 May 2008, 21:39 1 Sep 2008, 19:47 107d 22h 8m
34 Progress M-65 Russia ISS‑30P Logistics Soyuz‑U 10 Sep 2008, 19:50 17 Sep 2008, 18:43 14 Nov 2008, 16:19 57d 21h 36m
35 Progress M-01M Russia ISS‑31P Logistics Soyuz‑U 26 Nov 2008, 12:38 30 Nov 2008, 12:28 6 Feb 2009, 04:10 67d 15h 42m
36 Progress M-66 Russia ISS‑32P Logistics Soyuz‑U 10 Feb 2009, 05:49:46 13 Feb 2009, 07:18 6 May 2009, 15:17 82d 7h 59m
37 Progress M-02M Russia ISS‑33P Logistics Soyuz‑U 7 May 2009, 18:37:09 12 May 2009, 19:24:23 30 Jun 2009, 18:29:43 53d 23h 52m
38 Progress M-67 Russia ISS‑34P Logistics Soyuz‑U 24 Jul 2009, 10:56:53 29 Jul 2009, 11:12 21 Sep 2009, 07:25 53d 20h 13m
39 HTV-1 Japan HTV‑1 Flight test, logistics H-IIB 10 Sep 2009, 17:01:56 17 Sep 2009, 22:12 30 Oct 2009, 15:18 42d 17h 6m
40 Progress M-03M Russia ISS‑35P Logistics Soyuz‑U 15 Oct 2009, 01:14:37[11] 18 Oct 2009, 01:40 22 Apr 2010, 16:32[12] 186d 14h 52m
41 Poisk Russia ISS‑5R Airlock Soyuz‑U 10 Nov 2009, 14:22:04 12 Nov 2009, 15:44[13] attached to ISS
Progress M-MIM2 Delivered Poisk 8 Dec 2009, 00:16[14] 25d 8h 32m
42 Progress M-04M Russia ISS‑36P Logistics Soyuz‑U 3 Feb 2010, 03:45:31[15] 5 Feb 2010, 04:26[16] 10 May 2010, 11:16[17] 94d 6h 50m
43 Progress M-05M Russia ISS‑37P Logistics Soyuz‑U 28 Apr 2010, 17:15:09[18] 1 May 2010, 18:32[19] 25 Oct 2010, 14:22[20] 176d 19h 50m
44 Progress M-06M Russia ISS‑38P Logistics Soyuz‑U 30 Jun 2010, 15:35:15[21] 4 Jul 2010, 16:17[22] 31 Aug 2010, 11:21[23] 57d 19h 4m
45 Progress M-07M Russia ISS‑39P Logistics Soyuz‑U 10 Sep 2010, 10:22:58[24] 12 Sep 2010, 11:57[25] 20 Feb 2011, 13:12[26] 161d 1h 15m
46 Progress M-08M Russia ISS‑40P Logistics Soyuz‑U 27 Oct 2010, 15:11:50[27] 30 Oct 2010, 16:36[28] 24 Jan 2011, 00:42[29] 85d 8h 6m
47 Kounotori 2 Japan HTV‑2 Logistics H-IIB 22 Jan 2011, 05:37:57[30] 27 Jan 2011, 14:51[31][32] 28 Mar 2011, 13:43[33] 59d 22h 52m
48 Progress M-09M Russia ISS‑41P Logistics Soyuz‑U 28 Jan 2011, 01:31:39[34] 30 Jan 2011, 02:39[35] 22 Apr 2011, 11:41[36] 82d 9h 2m
49 Johannes Kepler European Union ATV‑2 Logistics Ariane 5ES 16 Feb 2011, 21:50:55[37] 24 Feb 2011, 15:59[38] 20 Jun 2011, 14:46[39] 115d 22h 47m
50 Progress M-10M Russia ISS‑42P Logistics Soyuz‑U 27 Apr 2011, 13:05:22[40] 29 Apr 2011, 14:28[41] 29 Oct 2011, 09:04[42] 182d 18h 36m
51 Progress M-11M Russia ISS‑43P Logistics Soyuz‑U 21 Jun 2011, 14:38:15[43] 23 Jun 2011, 16:37[44] 23 Aug 2011, 09:34[45] 60d 17h 0m
52 Progress M-12M Russia ISS‑44P Logistics Soyuz‑U 24 Aug 2011, 13:00:08[46] Failed to reach orbit[47]
53 Progress M-13M Russia ISS‑45P Logistics Soyuz‑U 30 Oct 2011, 10:11:13[48] 2 Nov 2011, 11:41[49] 23 Jan 2012, 22:09[50] 82d 10h 28m
54 Progress M-14M Russia ISS‑46P Logistics Soyuz‑U 25 Jan 2012, 23:06:40[51] 28 Jan 2012, 00:09[52] 19 Apr 2012, 11:04[53] 82d 10h 55m
55 Edoardo Amaldi European Union ATV‑3 Logistics Ariane 5ES 23 Mar 2012, 04:34:04[54] 28 Mar 2012, 22:31[55] 28 Sep 2012, 21:44[56] 183d 23h 13m
56 Progress M-15M Russia ISS‑47P Logistics Soyuz‑U 20 Apr 2012, 12:50:24[57] 22 Apr 2012, 14:36[58] 22 Jul 2012, 20:26[59] 91d 5h 50m
29 Jul 2012, 01:01[60] 30 Jul 2012, 21:19[61] 1 day, 20h 18m
57 Dragon C2+ United States CRS SpX‑D Flight test, logistics Falcon 9 22 May 2012, 07:44:38[62] 25 May 2012, 16:02[63] 31 May 2012, 08:07[64] 5d 16h 5m
58 Kounotori 3 Japan HTV‑3 Logistics H-IIB 21 Jul 2012, 02:06:18[65] 27 Jul 2012, 14:34[66] 12 Sep 2012, 11:50[67] 46d 21h 16m
59 Progress M-16M Russia ISS‑48P Logistics Soyuz‑U 1 Aug 2012, 19:35:13 2 Aug 2012, 01:18[68] 9 Feb 2013, 13:15 191d 11h 57m
60 SpaceX CRS-1 United States CRS SpX‑1 Logistics Falcon 9 7 Oct 2012, 00:35:00[69] 10 Oct 2012, 13:03[70] 28 Oct 2012, 11:19[71] 17d 22h 16m
61 Progress M-17M Russia ISS‑49P Logistics Soyuz‑U 31 Oct 2012, 07:41:19 31 Oct 2012, 13:33 15 Apr 2013, 12:02[72] 165d 22h 29m
62 Progress M-18M Russia ISS‑50P Logistics Soyuz‑U 11 Feb 2013, 14:41:46 11 Feb 2013, 20:35 25 Jul 2013, 20:43 164d 8m
63 SpaceX CRS-2 United States CRS SpX‑2 Logistics Falcon 9 1 Mar 2013, 15:10:13 3 Mar 2013, 13:56[73] 26 Mar 2013, 08:10 22d 18h 14m
64 Progress M-19M Russia ISS‑51P Logistics Soyuz‑U 24 Apr 2013, 10:12:16 26 Apr 2013, 12:25 11 Jun 2013, 13:58 46d 1h 33m
65 Albert Einstein European Union ATV‑4 Logistics Ariane 5ES 5 Jun 2013, 21:52:11[74] 15 Jun 2013, 14:07 28 Oct 2013, 08:55 134d 18h 48m
66 Progress M-20M Russia ISS‑52P Logistics Soyuz‑U 27 Jul 2013, 20:45:08[75] 28 Jul 2013, 02:26 3 Feb 2014, 16:21 190d 13h 55m
67 Kounotori 4 Japan HTV‑4 Logistics H-IIB 3 Aug 2013, 19:48:46 9 Aug 2013, 15:38[76] 4 Sep 2013, 12:07[77] 25d 20h 29m
68 Cygnus Orb-D1 United States CRS Orb-D Flight test, logistics Antares 110 18 Sep 2013, 14:58:02 29 Sep 2013, 12:44 22 Oct 2013, 10:04 22d 21h 20m
69 Progress M-21M Russia ISS‑53P Logistics Soyuz‑U 25 Nov 2013, 20:53:06 29 Nov 2013, 22:30 23 Apr 2014, 08:58 144d 10h 28m
25 Apr 2014, 12:13 9 Jun 2014, 13:29 46d 1h 16m
70 Cygnus CRS Orb-1 United States CRS Orb-1 Logistics Antares 120 9 Jan 2014, 18:07:05 12 Jan 2014, 13:05 18 Feb 2014, 10:25 36d 21h 20m
71 Progress M-22M Russia ISS‑54P Logistics Soyuz‑U 5 Feb 2014, 16:23:32 5 Feb 2014, 22:22 7 Apr 2014, 13:58 60d 15h 36m
72 Progress M-23M Russia ISS‑55P Logistics Soyuz‑U 9 Apr 2014, 15:26:27 9 Apr 2014, 21:14 21 Jul 2014, 21:44 103d 0h 30m
73 SpaceX CRS-3 United States CRS SpX‑3 Logistics Falcon 9 18 Apr 2014, 19:25:22 20 Apr 2014, 14:06 18 May 2014, 11:55 27d 21h 49m
74 Cygnus CRS Orb-2 United States CRS Orb-2 Logistics Antares 120 13 Jul 2014, 16:52:14 16 Jul 2014, 12:53 15 Aug 2014, 09:14 29d 20h 21m
75 Progress M-24M Russia ISS‑56P Logistics Soyuz‑U 23 Jul 2014, 21:44:44 24 Jul 2014, 03:31 27 Oct 2014, 05:38 95d 2h 7m
76 Georges Lemaître European Union ATV‑5 Logistics Ariane 5ES 29 Jul 2014, 23:47:38 12 Aug 2014, 13:30 14 Feb 2015, 13:42 186d 12m
77 SpaceX CRS-4 United States CRS SpX‑4 Logistics Falcon 9 21 Sep 2014, 05:52:03 23 Sep 2014, 13:21 25 Oct 2014, 12:02 31d 22h 41m
78 Cygnus CRS Orb-3 United States CRS Orb-3 Logistics Antares 130 28 Oct 2014, 22:22:38 Failed to reach orbit
79 Progress M-25M Russia ISS‑57P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 29 Oct 2014, 07:09:43 29 Oct 2014, 13:08 25 Apr 2015, 06:41 177d 17h 33m
80 SpaceX CRS-5 United States CRS SpX‑5 Logistics Falcon 9 10 Jan 2015, 09:47:10 12 Jan 2015, 13:54 10 Feb 2015, 17:11 29d 3h 17m
81 Progress M-26M Russia ISS‑58P Logistics Soyuz‑U 17 Feb 2015, 11:00:17 17 Feb 2015, 16:57 14 Aug 2015, 10:19 177d 17h 22m
82 SpaceX CRS-6 United States CRS SpX‑6 Logistics Falcon 9 14 Apr 2015, 20:10:41 17 Apr 2015, 13:29 21 May 2015, 09:29 33d 20h
83 Progress M-27M Russia ISS‑59P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 28 Apr 2015, 07:09:50 Spacecraft control failed before reaching ISS; loss of mission
84 SpaceX CRS-7 United States CRS SpX‑7 Logistics, docking adapter delivery Falcon 9 28 Jun 2015, 14:21:11 Failed to reach orbit
85 Progress M-28M Russia ISS‑60P Logistics Soyuz‑U 3 Jul 2015, 04:55:48 5 Jul 2015, 07:11 19 Dec 2015, 07:35 167d 24m
86 Kounotori 5 Japan HTV‑5 Logistics H-IIB 19 Aug 2015, 11:50:49 24 Aug 2015, 17:28 28 Sep 2015, 11:12 34d 17h 44m
87 Progress M-29M Russia ISS‑61P Logistics Soyuz‑U 1 Oct 2015, 16:49:48 1 Oct 2015, 22:52 30 Mar 2016, 14:14 180d 15h 22m
88 Cygnus CRS OA-4 United States CRS OA-4 Logistics Atlas V 401 6 Dec 2015, 21:44:57 9 Dec 2015, 14:14 19 Feb 2016, 10:38 71d 20h 24m
89 Progress MS-01 Russia ISS‑62P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 21 Dec 2015, 08:44:39 23 Dec 2015, 10:27 3 Jul 2016, 03:48 192d 17h 21m
90 Cygnus CRS OA-6 United States CRS OA-6 Logistics Atlas V 401 22 Mar 2016, 03:05:52 26 Mar 2016, 14:52 14 Jun 2016, 11:43 79d 20h 51m
91 Progress MS-02 Russia ISS‑63P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 31 Mar 2016, 16:23:58 2 Apr 2016, 17:58 14 Oct 2016, 09:37 194d 15h 39m
92 SpaceX CRS-8 United States CRS SpX‑8 Logistics, delivered Bigelow Expandable Activity Module[78] Falcon 9 8 Apr 2016, 20:43:00 10 Apr 2016, 13:57 11 May 2016, 11:00[79] 30d 23h 22m
93 Progress MS-03 Russia ISS‑64P Logistics Soyuz‑U 16 Jul 2016, 21:41:45 19 Jul 2016, 00:20 31 Jan 2017, 14:25 196d 14h 5m
94 SpaceX CRS-9 United States CRS SpX‑9 Logistics, docking adapter delivery Falcon 9 18 Jul 2016, 04:45:29 20 Jul 2016, 14:00 25 Aug 2016, 21:00 36d 7h
95 Cygnus CRS OA-5 United States CRS OA-5 Logistics Antares 230 17 Oct 2016, 23:45:40 23 Oct 2016, 14:53 21 Nov 2016, 11:25 28d 20h 32m
96 Progress MS-04 Russia ISS‑65P Logistics Soyuz‑U 1 Dec 2016, 14:51:45 Spacecraft separated from third stage before reaching orbit; loss of mission
97 Kounotori 6 Japan HTV‑6 Logistics H-IIB 9 Dec 2016, 13:26:47 13 Dec 2016, 13:57 27 Jan 2017, 10:59 44d 21h 2m
98 SpaceX CRS-10 United States CRS SpX‑10 Logistics Falcon 9 19 Feb 2017, 09:38:58 23 Feb 2017 13:12[80] 18 Mar 2017, 21:20 23d 8h 8m
99 Progress MS-05 Russia ISS‑66P Logistics Soyuz‑U 22 Feb 2017, 05:58:33 24 Feb 2017, 08:30 20 Jul 2017, 12:00 146d 3h 30m
100 Cygnus CRS OA-7 United States CRS OA-7 Logistics Atlas V 401 18 Apr 2017, 15:11:26 22 Apr 2017, 12:39 4 Jun 2017, 11:05 42d 22h 26m
101 SpaceX CRS-11 United States CRS SpX‑11 Logistics Falcon 9 3 Jun 2017, 21:07:17 5 Jun 2017, 16:07 2 Jul 2017, 18:00 27d 1h 53m
102 Progress MS-06 Russia ISS‑67P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 14 Jun 2017, 09:20:13 16 Jun 2017, 11:37 28 Dec 2017, 01:03:30 194d 13h 26m
103 SpaceX CRS-12 United States CRS SpX‑12 Logistics Falcon 9 14 Aug 2017, 16:31:00 16 Aug 2017, 10:52 17 Sep 2017, 08:40 31d 21h 48m
104 Progress MS-07 Russia ISS‑68P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 14 Oct 2017, 08:47:11 16 Oct 2017, 00:00 28 Mar 2018, 13:50 163d 13h 50m
105 Cygnus CRS OA-8E United States CRS OA-8E Logistics Antares 230 12 Nov 2017, 12:20:26 14 Nov 2017, 12:15 5 Dec 2017, 17:52[81] 21d 5h 37m
106 SpaceX CRS-13 United States CRS SpX‑13 Logistics Falcon 9 15 Dec 2017, 15:36:00 17 Dec 2017, 13:26 12 Jan 2018, 10:47 25d 21h 21m
107 Progress MS-08 Russia ISS‑69P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 13 Feb 2018, 08:13:33 15 Feb 2018, 10:38 23 Aug 2018, 02:16 188d 15h 38m
108 SpaceX CRS-14 United States CRS SpX‑14 Logistics Falcon 9 2 Apr 2018, 20:30:38 4 Apr 2018, 13:00 5 May 2018 05:30 30d 16h 30m
109 Cygnus CRS OA-9E United States CRS OA-9E Logistics Antares 230 21 May 2018, 08:44:06 24 May 2018, 12:13 15 Jul 2018, 10:20 51d 22h 7m
110 SpaceX CRS-15 United States CRS SpX‑15 Logistics Falcon 9 29 Jun 2018, 09:42:42 2 Jul 2018, 10:54 3 Aug 2018, 16:38 32d 5h 44m
111 Progress MS-09 Russia ISS‑70P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 9 Jul 2018, 21:51:33 10 Jul 2018, 01:31 25 Jan 2019, 12:55 199d 11h 24m
112 Kounotori 7 Japan HTV‑7 Logistics H-IIB 22 Sep 2018, 17:52:27 27 Sep 2018, 12:00 6 Nov 2018, 23:32 40d 11h 32m
113 Progress MS-10 Russia ISS‑71P Logistics Soyuz‑FG 16 Nov 2018, 18:14:08 18 Nov 2018, 19:28 4 Jun 2019, 08:40 197d 13h 12m
114 Cygnus NG-10 United States CRS NG-10E Logistics Antares 230 17 Nov 2018, 09:01:31 19 Nov 2018, 12:31 8 Feb 2019, 14:37 81d 2h 6m
115 SpaceX CRS-16 United States CRS SpX‑16 Logistics Falcon 9 Block 5 5 Dec 2018, 18:16 8 Dec 2018, 15:36 13 Jan 2019, 23:33 36d 7h 57m
116 SpaceX Demo-1 United States SpX‑DM1 Uncrewed flight test of crewed capsule Falcon 9 Block 5 2 Mar 2019, 07:49 3 Mar 2019, 10:51 8 Mar 2019, 07:30 4d 20h 39m
117 Progress MS-11 Russia ISS‑72P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 4 Apr 2019, 11:01:35 4 Apr 2019, 14:22 29 Jul 2019, 10:44 115d 20h 22m
118 Cygnus NG-11 United States CRS NG-11 Logistics Antares 230 17 Apr 2019, 20:46:07 19 Apr 2019, 11:31 6 Aug 2019, 13:30 109d 1h 59m
119 SpaceX CRS-17 United States CRS SpX‑17 Logistics Falcon 9 Block 5 4 May 2019, 06:48 6 May 2019, 13:33 3 Jun 2019, 16:01 28d 2h 28m
120 SpaceX CRS-18 United States CRS SpX‑18 Logistics, docking adapter delivery Falcon 9 Block 5 25 Jul 2019, 22:01:56 27 Jul 2019, 16:01 27 Aug 2019, 12:25 30d 20h 24m
121 Progress MS-12 Russia ISS‑73P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 31 Jul 2019, 12:10:46 31 Jul 2019, 15:29 29 Nov 2019, 10:25 120d 18h 56m
122 Soyuz MS-14 Russia ISS‑60S Flight test Soyuz‑2.1a 22 Aug 2019, 03:38:32 27 Aug 2019, 03:08 6 Sep 2019, 18:14 10d 15h 6m
123 Kounotori 8 Japan HTV‑8 Logistics H-IIB 24 Sep 2019, 16:05:05 28 Sep 2019, 14:09 1 Nov 2019, 13:45 33d 23h 36m
124 Cygnus NG-12 United States CRS NG-12 Logistics Antares 230+ 2 Nov 2019, 13:59:47 4 Nov 2019, 11:21 31 Jan 2020, 13:10 88d 4h
125 SpaceX CRS-19 United States CRS SpX‑19 Logistics Falcon 9 Block 5 5 Dec 2019, 17:29:24 8 Dec 2019, 12:47 7 Jan 2020, 08:41 29d 19h 54m
126 Progress MS-13 Russia ISS‑74P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 6 Dec 2019, 09:34:24 9 Dec 2019, 10:35 8 July 2020, 18:22 212d 7h 48m
127 Boeing Orbital Flight Test United States Boe-OFT Flight test Atlas V N22 20 Dec 2019, 11:36:43 Issue with spacecraft's mission elapsed time (MET) clock caused the spacecraft to burn into an incorrect orbit, preventing a rendezvous with the ISS
128 Cygnus NG-13 United States CRS NG-13 Logistics Antares 230+ 15 Feb 2020, 20:21:01 18 Feb 2020, 11:16 11 May 2020, 13:00 83d 1h 44m
129 SpaceX CRS-20 United States CRS SpX‑20 Logistics Falcon 9 Block 5 7 Mar 2020, 04:52:46 9 Mar 2020, 12:18 7 Apr 2020, 10:30 28d 22h 12m
130 Progress MS-14 Russia ISS‑75P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 25 Apr 2020, 01:51:41 25 Apr 2020, 05:12 27 Apr 2021, 23:11 367d 17h 59m
131 Kounotori 9 Japan HTV‑9 Logistics H-IIB 20 May 2020, 17:31:05 25 May 2020, 14:46 18 Aug 2020, 13:51 85d 1h 38m
132 Progress MS-15 Russia ISS‑76P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 23 Jul 2020, 14:26:21 23 Jul 2020, 17:45 9 Feb 2021, 05:21 200d 11h 36m
133 Cygnus NG-14 United States CRS NG-14 Logistics Antares 230+ 3 Oct 2020, 01:16:14 5 Oct 2020, 12:01 6 Jan 2021, 12:15 93d 14m
134 SpaceX CRS-21 United States CRS SpX‑21 Logistics, delivered Nanoracks Bishop Airlock[82] Falcon 9 Block 5 6 Dec 2020, 16:17:46 7 Dec 2020, 18:40 12 Jan 2021, 14:05 35d 19h 25m
135 Progress MS-16 Russia ISS‑77P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 15 Feb 2021, 04:45:06 17 Feb 2021, 06:27 26 Jul 2021, 10:55 159d 4h 28m
136 Cygnus NG-15 United States CRS NG-15 Logistics Antares 230+ 20 Feb 2021, 17:36:50 22 Feb 2021, 12:16 29 Jun 2021, 13:20 127d 1h 4m
137 SpaceX CRS-22 United States CRS SpX‑22 Logistics, delivered iROSA 2B/4B solar arrays Falcon 9 Block 5 3 Jun 2021, 17:29:15 5 Jun 2021, 09:09 8 Jul 2021, 14:45 33d 5h 36m
138 Progress MS-17 Russia ISS‑78P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 29 Jun 2021, 23:27:20 2 Jul 2021, 00:59 25 Nov 2021, 11:22 with Nauka's nadir passive port adapter 146d 10h 23m
139 Nauka Russia ISS‑3R Multipurpose Laboratory module Proton-M 21 Jul 2021, 14:58 29 Jul 2021, 13:29 attached to ISS
140 Cygnus NG-16 United States CRS NG-16 Logistics Antares 230+ 10 Aug 2021, 22:01:05 12 Aug 2021, 10:07 20 Nov 2021, 13:40 100d 3h 33m
141 SpaceX CRS-23 United States CRS SpX‑23 Logistics Falcon 9 Block 5 29 Aug 2021, 07:14:49 30 Aug 2021, 14:30 30 Sep 2021, 13:12 30d 22h 42m
142 Progress MS-18 Russia ISS‑79P Logistics, delivered equipment for Nauka module[83][84] Soyuz‑2.1a 28 Oct 2021, 00:00:32 30 Oct 2021, 01:31 1 Jun 2022, 08:03 214d 6h 32m
143 Prichal Russia ISS‑6R Docking module Soyuz‑2.1b 24 Nov 2021, 13:06:35 26 Nov 2021, 15:19 attached to ISS
Progress M-UM Delivered Prichal 22 Dec 2021, 23:03 26d 7h 44m
144 SpaceX CRS-24 United States CRS SpX‑24 Logistics Falcon 9 Block 5 21 Dec 2021, 10:07:08 22 Dec 2021, 08:41 23 Jan 2022, 15:40 32d 6h 59m
145 Progress MS-19 Russia ISS‑80P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 15 Feb 2022, 04:25:40 17 Feb 2022, 07:03 23 Oct 2022, 22:45:34 248d 3h 42m
146 Cygnus NG-17 United States CRS NG-17 Logistics Antares 230+ 19 Feb 2022, 17:40:07 21 Feb 2022, 12:02 28 Jun 2022, 07:00 126d 18h 58m
147 Boeing Orbital Flight Test 2 United States Boe-OFT2 Flight test Atlas V N22 19 May 2022, 22:54:47 21 May 2022, 00:28 25 May 2022, 18:36 4d 18h 8m
148 Progress MS-20 Russia ISS‑81P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 3 Jun 2022, 09:32:00 3 Jun 2022, 13:02 7 Feb 2023, 04:56 248d 15h 54m
149 SpaceX CRS-25 United States CRS SpX‑25 Logistics Falcon 9 Block 5 15 Jul 2022, 00:44:20 16 Jul 2022, 15:21 19 Aug 2022, 15:05 33d 23h 44m
150 Progress MS-21 Russia ISS‑82P Logistics, delivered equipment for Nauka module Soyuz‑2.1a 26 Oct 2022, 00:20:09 28 Oct 2022, 02:49 18 Feb 2023, 02:26 112d 23h 37m
151 Cygnus NG-18 United States CRS NG-18 Logistics Antares 230+ 7 Nov 2022, 10:32:42 9 Nov 2022, 13:05 21 Apr 2023, 08:37 162d 19h 32m
152 SpaceX CRS-26 United States CRS SpX‑26 Logistics, delivered iROSA 3A/4A solar arrays Falcon 9 Block 5 26 Nov 2022, 19:20:42 27 Nov 2022, 12:39 9 Jan 2023, 22:05 43d 9h 26m
153 Progress MS-22 Russia ISS‑83P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 9 Feb 2023, 06:15:36 11 Feb 2023, 08:45 20 Aug 2023 23:50 190d 15h 5m
154 Soyuz MS-23 Russia ISS‑69S Replacement crew return vehicle (launched uncrewed, landed crewed) Soyuz‑2.1a 24 Feb 2023, 00:24:29 26 Feb 2023, 00:58 27 Sep 2023, 07:15 213d 6h 17m
155 SpaceX CRS-27 United States CRS SpX‑27 Logistics Falcon 9 Block 5 15 Mar 2023, 00:30 16 Mar 2023, 11:52 15 April 2023, 15:05 30d 3h 34m
156 Progress MS-23 Russia ISS‑84P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 24 May 2023, 12:56 24 May 2023, 16:19 29 Nov 2023, 07:55 188d 15h 36m
157 SpaceX CRS-28 United States CRS SpX‑28 Logistics Falcon 9 Block 5 5 Jun 2023, 15:47 6 Jun 2023, 09:54 29 Jun 2023, 16:30 23d 6h 36m
158 Cygnus NG-19 United States CRS NG-19 Logistics Antares 230+ 2 Aug 2023, 00:31:14 4 Aug 2023, 12:28 22 Dec 2023, 10:00 139d 21h 32m
159 Progress MS-24 Russia ISS‑85P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 23 Aug 2023, 01:08 25 Aug 2023, 03:50 13 Feb 2024, 02:09 171d 22h 19m
160 SpaceX CRS-29 United States CRS SpX‑29 Logistics Falcon 9 Block 5 10 Nov 2023, 01:28 11 Nov 2023, 10:07 21 Dec 2023, 22:05 40d 11h 58m
161 Progress MS-25 Russia ISS‑86P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 1 Dec 2023, 09:25 3 Dec 2023, 11:15 29 May 2024, 08:39 177d 21h 24m
162 Cygnus NG-20 United States CRS NG-20 Logistics Falcon 9 Block 5 30 Jan 2024, 17:07:13 1 Feb 2024, 12:14 12 Jul 2024, 08:00 161d 18h 30m
163 Progress MS-26 Russia ISS‑87P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 15 Feb 2024, 03:25 17 Feb 2024, 06:12 13 Aug 2024, 02:00 177d 19h 48m
164 SpaceX CRS-30 United States CRS SpX‑30 Logistics Falcon 9 Block 5 21 Mar 2024, 20:55 23 Mar 2024, 11:30 28 Apr 2024, 17:10 36d 5h 40m
165 Progress MS-27 Russia ISS‑88P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 30 May 2024, 09:42 1 Jun 2024, 11:43 19 Nov 2024, 12:53 171d 1h 10m
166 Cygnus NG-21 United States CRS NG-21 Logistics Falcon 9 Block 5 4 Aug 2024, 11:02:53 6 Aug 2024, 09:33 28 Mar 2025, 08:50 233d 23h 17m
167 Progress MS-28 Russia ISS‑89P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 15 Aug 2024, 03:20:17 17 Aug 2024, 05:53 25 Feb 2025, 23:23 192d 17h 30m
168 SpaceX CRS-31 United States CRS SpX‑31 Logistics Falcon 9 Block 5 5 Nov 2024, 02:29:31 5 Nov 2024, 14:52:11 17 Dec 2024, 18:05 42d 3h 12m
169 Progress MS-29 Russia ISS‑90P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 21 Nov 2024, 12:22 23 Nov 2024, 14:40 1 Jul 2025, 18:43 222d 6h 21m
170 Progress MS-30 Russia ISS‑91P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 27 Feb 2025, 21:54 1 Mar 2025, 23:02:30 9 Sep 2025, 15:45:30 191d 16h 43m
171 SpaceX CRS-32 United States CRS SpX‑32 Logistics Falcon 9 Block 5 21 Apr 2025, 08:15:45 22 Apr 2025, 12:20 23 May 2025, 16:05 31d 3h 45m
172 Progress MS-31 Russia ISS‑92P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 3 July 2025, 19:32:40 5 July 2025, 21:25 16 Mar 2026, 13:24 253d 15h 59m
173 SpaceX CRS-33 United States CRS SpX‑33 Logistics Falcon 9 Block 5 24 Aug 2025, 06:45 25 Aug 2025, 11:30 27 Feb 2026, 07:44 185d 20h 14m
174 Progress MS-32 Russia ISS‑93P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 11 Sep 2025, 15:54:06 13 Sep 2025, 20:23 20 Apr 2026, 22:08:30 219d 1h 45m
175 Cygnus NG-23 United States CRS NG-23 Logistics Falcon 9 Block 5 14 Sep 2025, 22:11:49 18 Sep 2025, 14:10 12 Mar 2026, 04:00 174d 13h 50m
176 HTV-X1 Japan HTV‑X1 Logistics H3-24W 26 Oct 2025, 00:00:15 29 Oct 2025, 15:50 5 Mar 2026, 19:26 127d 3h 36m
177 Progress MS-33 Russia ISS‑94P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 22 Mar 2026, 11:59:51 24 Mar 2026, 13:40:47 7 Sep 2026, 15:18 167d 1h 37m
178 Cygnus NG-24 United States CRS NG-24 Logistics Falcon 9 Block 5 11 Apr 2026, 11:41:21 13 Apr 2026, 20:00 N/a 176d 16h 1m
179 Progress MS-34 Russia ISS‑95P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 25 Apr 2026, 22:21:47 28 Apr 2026, 00:01 N/a 162d 12h
180 SpaceX CRS-34 United States CRS SpX‑33 Logistics Falcon 9 Block 5 15 May 2026, 22:05:41 17 May 2026, 10:37 16 Jun 2026, 16:25 30d 5h 48m
181 Progress MS-35 Russia ISS-96P Logistics Soyuz-2.1a 16 Sep 2026, 13:33 19 Sep 2026, 13:44 N/a 17d 22h 17m

^For vehicles that are berthed to the station using the Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS) the times of berthing and unberthing are given. For those vehicles whose berthing and unberthing time is not sure is not provided, SSRMS capture and release is taken. This is because these vehicles remain physically attached to the station longer than indicated when counting the time between initial SSRMS capture and release. Formerly, the Japanese HTV and the SpaceX Dragon and currently, the Cygnus are the visiting vehicles to attach in this manner. For all other vehicles the times of docking and undocking are given.

Future spaceflights

[edit]

Manifested future flights are shown below:

Spacecraft ISS Flight No. Mission Launch vehicle Scheduled date
(UTC)[85]
SpaceX CRS-35 United States CRS SpX-35 Logistics Falcon 9 Block 5 NET October 2026 [Planned]
HTV-X2 Japan HTV‑X2 Logistics H3-24W Q4 2026[86]
Progress MS-36 Russia ISS-97P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a 24 November 2026
Progress MS-37 Russia ISS-98P Logistics Soyuz‑2.1a TBD 2026
Cygnus NG-25 United States CRS NG-25 Logistics Falcon 9 2026
Cygnus NG-22 United States CRS NG-22 Logistics ? TBA
Gaganyaan 2 or 3 India TBA Rendezvous,
Docking,
Logistics 		HLVM-3 2027[87][88][89][90]
US Deorbit Vehicle United States ? Deorbit ? 2030

Spaceports

[edit]

Baikonur Cosmodrome

[edit]

Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan is the oldest and busiest spaceport. The first module of the ISS was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 81 as the uncrewed spacecraft Zarya in 1998 and flew uncrewed for about two years before the first crew arrived. The Progress spacecraft is the most frequent cargo ship sent from Baikonur to the station, bringing supplies such as food, fuel, gas, experiments, and parts. Its light payload is offset by its ability to deliver critical replacement parts at short notice. Fresh fruit and vegetables from the earth are an important part of the crew's diet.

Tanegashima Space Center

[edit]
A Kounotori departing Tanegashima Space Center bound for the International Space Station.

Located in Japan on an island 115 kilometres (71 mi) south of Kyūshū, the Tanegashima Space Center (TCS) is the launch site for H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV), called Kounotori (こうのとり, Oriental stork or white stork) and HTV-X, used to resupply the Kibō Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) and the ISS. The name Kounotori was chosen for the HTV by JAXA because "a white stork carries an image of conveying an important thing (a baby, happiness, and other joyful things), therefore, it precisely expresses the HTV's mission to transport essential materials to the ISS".[91]

White Kounotori can carry 6,000 kilograms (13,000 lb) of cargo in total, about 3,500–4,500 kilograms (7,700–9,900 lb) of which is accessible by the crew in the pressurized section, the remainder is unpressurised cargo on Exposed Pallet to be handled by the ISS's robotic arm.[92]

Guiana Space Centre

[edit]

The European Space Agency (ESA) uses the Guiana Space Centre near Kourou in French Guiana. Operational since 1968, it is particularly suitable as a location for a spaceport due to its proximity to the equator, and that launches are in a favorable direction over water. The near-equatorial launch location provides an advantage for launches to low-inclination (or geostationary) Earth orbits compared to launches from spaceports at higher latitude, the eastward boost provided by the Earth's rotation is about 463 metres per second (1,520 ft/s; 1,040 mph) at this spaceport.

The ESA's Automated Transfer Vehicle weighs 20,700 kilograms (45,600 lb) at launch and has a cargo capacity of 8,000 kilograms (18,000 lb) including 1,500 to 5,500 kilograms (3,300 to 12,100 lb) of dry cargo, up to 1,000 kilograms (2,200 lb) of gases (water, nitrogen, oxygen, air), with up to two gases per flight, and up to 4,700 kilograms (10,400 lb) of propellant for boosting and refueling the station.

Cape Canaveral Space Force Station

[edit]
A SpaceX Dragon cargo launch to ISS aboard a Falcon 9.

Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, located in Florida, United States, has been operational since 1950 with its first orbital launch occurring in 1958. All of NASA's crewed Mercury and Gemini missions were launched from the Cape, along with some of the earlier Apollo missions. Cape Canaveral is adjacent to the Kennedy Space Center, where the majority of Apollo missions and all the Space Shuttle missions were launched from. Under contract with NASA, SpaceX launches the Dragon 2 Cargo variant spacecraft to resupply the American portion of the ISS. The Dragon can transport 6,000 kilograms (13,000 lb) of pressurized and unpressurized cargo and can return 3,000 kilograms (6,600 lb) to Earth. It is the only uncrewed resupply vehicle capable of returning a payload.

Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport

[edit]

The Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport, located at Wallops Island, Virginia, United States, is the launch site for the Northrop Grumman Cygnus spacecraft for resupplying the American portion of the ISS.

Future

[edit]

See also

[edit]
[edit]

References

[edit]
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Wikipedia

Uncrewed spaceflights to the International Space Station

Uncrewed spaceflights to the International Space Station (ISS) are made primarily to deliver cargo, however several Russian modules have also docked to the outpost following uncrewed launches. Resupply missions typically use the Russian Progress spacecraft, i.e., Progress-M (Standard and Modified), Progress-M1 and Progress MS series vehicles, European Automated Transfer Vehicles, Japanese Kounotori vehicles, and the American Dragon 1 and 2 vehicles and Cygnus (Standard, Enhanced and XL series) spacecraft. The primary docking system for Progress spacecraft is the automated Kurs system, with the manual TORU system as a backup. ATVs also use Kurs, however they are not equipped with TORU. The other spacecraft — the Japanese HTVs and HTV-Xs, the SpaceX Dragon (under CRS phase 1) and the Northrop Grumman Cygnus vehicles — rendezvous with the station before being grappled using Canadarm2 and berthed at the nadir port of the Harmony or Unity module for one to two months. Progress, Cygnus and ATV can remain docked for up to six months. Under CRS phase 2, SpaceX Cargo Dragon docks autonomously at IDA-2 or 3 as the case may be. As of September 2026, Progress spacecraft have flown most of the uncrewed missions to the ISS. To avoid confusion, this list includes Soyuz MS-23, which was launched uncrewed and landed crewed, but does not include Soyuz MS-22 and Boeing Crewed Flight Test, which was launched crewed and landed uncrewed, which is listed at List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station.

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Wikipedia

List of uncrewed spaceflights to Mir

This is a list of uncrewed spaceflights to Mir. Components of the space station are indicated in green. A. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - Time from docking until debris impact in the Pacific Ocean at approximately 05:59 GMT on 23 March 2001. B. 1 - From time of launch C. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - Remained attached during deorbit of space station on 23 March 2001. D. 1 2 3 - Decayed naturally

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Wikipedia

List of uncrewed spaceflights to Salyut space stations

This is a list of uncrewed spaceflights to the Salyut space stations. The list includes Soyuz 34, which was launched uncrewed but landed crewed, however it does not include Soyuz 32, which was launched crewed, but landed uncrewed. Prior to the launch of Salyut 6, the only uncrewed spaceflights of the Salyut programme were the stations themselves, and the Soyuz 20 spacecraft, which docked with Salyut 4.

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Wikipedia

Buran (spacecraft)

Buran (Russian: Буран, IPA: [bʊˈran], lit. 'blizzard'; GRAU: 11F35 1K, construction number: 1.01, DoD: RAM-R) was the first flight orbiter to be produced as part of the Soviet/Russian Buran programme. The Buran orbiters were similar in design to the U.S. Space Shuttle. Buran completed one uncrewed spaceflight in 1988, and was destroyed in 2002 when the roof of its storage hangar collapsed at Baikonur Cosmodrome. The Buran orbiters used the expendable Energia rocket, a class of super heavy-lift launch vehicle. Besides describing the first operational Soviet/Russian shuttle orbiter, "Buran" was also the designation for the entire Soviet/Russian spaceplane project and its flight articles, which were known as "Buran-class orbiters".

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TOPIC OF THE DAY

Greenwood / Black Wall Street

Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.

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TRIVIA QUESTION OF THE DAY

What prosperous Tulsa district became widely known as “Black Wall Street”?

The Greenwood District.